scholarly journals Trends and Urban-Rural Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition among Chinese Children: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991 to 2015)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1933
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Lijun Zuo ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Huijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Urban Rural

The nutrition status of children is gaining more attention with a rapid nutrition transition. This study aimed to investigate trends and urban-rural differences in dietary energy and macronutrient composition among Chinese children. A total of 7565 participants aged 6 to 17 years were obtained from three rounds (1991, 2004 and 2015) of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The individual diet was evaluated via three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). From 1991 to 2015, there was a significant increase in children’s fat intake, the proportion of energy intake from fat, and the proportion of children with more than 30% of energy from fat and less than 50% of energy from carbohydrates (p < 0.001). Compared with the DRI, the proportion with higher fat and lower carbohydrate intakes were, respectively, 64.7% and 46.8% in 2015. The urban-rural disparities in fat and carbohydrate intake gradually narrowed, while the gap in protein intake increased notably over time (p < 0.001). Chinese children experienced a rapid transformation to a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. Urban-rural disparities persistently existed; further nutritional interventions and education were of great significance, so as to ensure a more balanced diet for Chinese children.

scholarly journals Patterns and trends in the intake distribution of manufactured and homemade sugar-sweetened beverages in pre-tax Mexico, 1999–2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 3296-3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania C Aburto ◽  
Jennifer M Poti ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo describe trends across the intake distribution of total, manufactured and homemade sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) from 1999 to 2012, focusing on high SSB consumers and on changes by socio-economic status (SES) subgroup.DesignWe analysed data from one 24 h dietary recall from two nationally representative surveys. Quantile regression models at the 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of energy intake distribution of SSB were used.Setting1999 Mexican National Nutrition Survey and 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey.ParticipantsSchool-aged children (5–11 years) and women (20–49 years) for trend analyses (n7718). Population aged >1 year for 2012 (n10 096).ResultsOver the 1999–2012 period, there were significant increases in the proportion of total and manufactured SSB consumers (5·7 and 10·7 percentage points), along with an increase in per-consumer SSB energy intake, resulting in significant increases in per-capita total SSB energy intake (142, 247 and 397 kJ/d (34, 59 and 95 kcal/d) in school-aged children and 155, 331 and 456 kJ/d (37, 79 and 109 kcal/d) in women at the 50th, 75th and 90th percentile, respectively). Total and manufactured SSB intakes increased sharply among low-SES children but remained similar among high-SES children during this time span.ConclusionsLarge increases in SSB consumption were seen between 1999 and 2012 during this pre-tax SSB period, particularly for the highest consumers. Trends observed in school-aged children are a clear example of the nutrition transition experienced in Mexico. Policies to discourage high intake of manufactured SSB should continue, joined with strategies to encourage water and low-calorie beverage consumption.

scholarly journals Association between risk of type 2 diabetes and changes in energy intake at breakfast and dinner over 14 years: a latent class trajectory analysis from the China health and nutrition Survey, 1997–2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e046183
Author(s):  
Xiyun Ren ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Tianshu Han ◽  
Changhao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Diabetes Status

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between the trajectories of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignCohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in China.ParticipantsA total of 10 727 adults, including 5239 men and 5488 women, with a mean age of 42.7±11.2 years and a mean follow-up time of 9.1 years, met the study criteria and completed a questionnaire about energy intake and diabetes status from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997–2011.Primary outcome measuresParticipants were divided into subgroups based on the trajectories of the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast. Cox multivariate regression models were used to explore the associations between different trajectories and the risk of T2D after adjustment for confounders and their risk factors. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the intermediary effect of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between the trajectories and the risk of T2D.ResultsFor energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast, compared with a low-stable trajectory, the adjusted HR of T2D in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory was 1.29 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.60). TG, TC, UA and ApoB were significantly higher in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory than other trajectories and play partial regulation roles between trajectories and T2D.ConclusionsThis study emphasised the harmful effect of a gradual increase in the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast from early stage on the development of T2D and partially mediated by TG, TC, UA and ApoB, highlighting that it is necessary to intake more energy at breakfast compared with dinner to prevent T2D in adults.

scholarly journals Growth and Weight Status in Chinese Children and Their Association with Family Environments

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Xu Tian ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The growth status and weight status of Chinese children have experienced remarkable changes in the past decades. Using China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, this paper examines the secular trends and disparity of the growth status and weight status in Chinese children and further investigates the impact of various family environments on children’s growth from 1991 to 2011. We found an increasing trend in standardized growth indicators (height, weight, and BMI), overweight, and obesity from 1991 to 2011. We also observed an increasing disparity in overweight and obesity over time. Family environments had a significant impact on children’s growth status and weight status. In particular, children that live in families with a small size, higher family income, better sanitary conditions, and with well-educated parents or overweight parents tended to be taller and heavier and have a higher BMI, lower risk of being underweight, and higher risk of exhibiting overweight and obesity. Further decomposition analysis showed that more than 70% of the disparity in standardized height, weight, and overweight and around 50% of the disparity in standardized BMI, underweight, and obesity could be attributed to heterogeneity in family environments. Moreover, the disparity associated with family environments tended to increase over time.

scholarly journals Urban–Rural Disparities in Energy Intake and Contribution of Fat and Animal Source Foods in Chinese Children Aged 4–17 Years

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Dantong Wang ◽  
Alison Eldridge ◽  
Feifei Huang ◽  
Yifei Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Urban Rural

scholarly journals Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Zhenni Zhu ◽  
Xiaoguang Yang ◽  
Yuehui Fang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: China’s diet transition might offer guidance to undeveloped countries on the way to prosperity. This report describes the trends and disparities in energy and macronutrient composition among Chinese adults, and between subpopulations. Methods: Data for the current study were obtained from the 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2010–2012 China National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) rounds, which were nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. We applied 24-h dietary recall and food weighing to assess dietary intake. Results: There were 204,877 participants aged 20 years or older included in the current analysis. From 1982 to 2012, the estimated energy intake declined from 2614.7 kcal to 2063.9 kcal. The trend in the estimated percentage of energy intake from fat showed a spike. It increased from 16.3% to 33.1% (1992 vs. 1982 difference, 7.6%; 95% CI 7.4% to 7.7%; 2002 vs. 1992 difference, 7.7%; 95% CI 7.6% to 7.9%; 2012 vs. 2002 difference, 1.6%; 95% CI 1.4% to 1.7%; p < 0.01 for trend). The trends coincided in all the subgroups (all p < 0.01 for trend) except for the subgroup of those educated over 15 years, whose percentage of energy intake from fat declined from 37.4% to 36.6% (2012 vs. 2002 difference, −0.8%; 95% CI −1.6% to 0.0%). The estimated percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates declined from 74.0% to 55.0%. The ranges of the estimated percentage of energy intake from fat, within population subgroups stratified by education level, area and Gross national product (GNP) level, were narrowed. Conclusions: Quick improvements in society and the economy effectively curbed undernutrition, but easily triggered overnutrition. Disparities persistently existed between different subpopulations, while the gaps would narrow if comprehensive efforts were made. Education might be a promising way to prevent overnutrition during prosperous progress. The low-social profile populations require specific interventions so as to avoid further disease burdens.

scholarly journals The underweight/overweight household: an exploration of household sociodemographic and dietary factors in China

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1a) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Doak ◽  
Linda Adair ◽  
Margaret Bentley ◽  
Zhai Fengying ◽  
Barry Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

AbstractObjective:The goal of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the nutrition transition is related to households having an underweight and an overweight member simultaneously (under/over households and under/over pairs).Design:The 1993 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was used to test the association between being an under/over household and household characteristics related to the nutrition transition. Sociodemographic and diet patterns were tested for the main age combination of the under/over pairs.Setting:In China, 8.1% of all households were found to have underweight and overweight members within the same household.Subjects:Results are from the 1993 China Health and Nutrition Survey and are based on a sample of 13814 persons from 3340 households.Results:The under/over household was more urban, had a higher income and was more likely to have assets such as a television, a motor vehicle and a washing machine, even after controlling for sociodemographic confounders. The under/over household had a diet that was higher in fat and protein compared with the underweight and normal weight households. There were no significant differences between the under/over and overweight households, with many of the associations near unity. Comparisions of the under/over subgroups by age of the under/over pairs showed some differences by income and occupation, but not for diet.Conclusions:It is imperative, as more individuals become exposed to the diet and lifestyle patterns of the nutrition transition, to find effective public health programmes that can simultaneously promote a healthy lifestyle, improve diet quality and address both undernutrition and chronic disease.

Urban—Rural Disparity of Overweight, Hypertension, Undiagnosed Hypertension, and Untreated Hypertension in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Hou
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban Adults ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Untreated Hypertension

The objective of this study was to examine the urban—rural variations in the prevalence of overweight, hypertension, undiagnosed hypertension, and untreated hypertension among adults. The China Health and Nutrition Survey was used to study adults 25 to 65 years old. Logistic regression was used to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variables. Urban adults have a higher probability of being overweight (OR = 1.18, P < .01) and having hypertension (OR = 1.19, P < .1). After further controlling for lifestyle variables, the difference is not significant. Urban hypertensive adults are less likely to be undiagnosed (OR = 0.54, P < .001) and untreated (OR = 0.53, P < .001), even after controlling for socioeconomic and lifestyle variables, suggesting that there are other reasons for the urban—rural disparity of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. This finding suggests that modifying lifestyles is critical in preventing urban adults from being overweight. Interventions targeting rural adults should promote the awareness and treatment of hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of impaired renal function in Chinese children: The China Health and Nutrition Survey

Nephrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peige Song ◽  
Manli Wang ◽  
Xinlei Chang ◽  
Jiawen Wang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document