scholarly journals Growth and Weight Status in Chinese Children and Their Association with Family Environments

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Xu Tian ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The growth status and weight status of Chinese children have experienced remarkable changes in the past decades. Using China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, this paper examines the secular trends and disparity of the growth status and weight status in Chinese children and further investigates the impact of various family environments on children’s growth from 1991 to 2011. We found an increasing trend in standardized growth indicators (height, weight, and BMI), overweight, and obesity from 1991 to 2011. We also observed an increasing disparity in overweight and obesity over time. Family environments had a significant impact on children’s growth status and weight status. In particular, children that live in families with a small size, higher family income, better sanitary conditions, and with well-educated parents or overweight parents tended to be taller and heavier and have a higher BMI, lower risk of being underweight, and higher risk of exhibiting overweight and obesity. Further decomposition analysis showed that more than 70% of the disparity in standardized height, weight, and overweight and around 50% of the disparity in standardized BMI, underweight, and obesity could be attributed to heterogeneity in family environments. Moreover, the disparity associated with family environments tended to increase over time.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and their associations with childhood obesity in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1978-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiguo Zhang ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Youfa Wang ◽  
Hong Xue ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Dietary patterns represent the combined effects of foods, and illustrate efficaciously the impact of diet on health outcomes. Some findings of previous studies have limited applicability to Chinese children due to cultural factors. The presnt study was designed to identify dietary patterns and determine their relationships with obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Data collected from 1282 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were used. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis of data from three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Weight and height were measured following standard methods, and BMI was calculated. Three dietary patterns were identified: modern (high intakes of milk, fast foods and eggs), traditional north (high intakes of wheat, tubers and other cereals) and traditional south (high intakes of vegetables, rice and pork). After adjusting for some confounders and total energy intake, subjects in the highest quartiles of the modern and traditional north patterns were found to have significantly greater risk of obesity (OR 3·10, 95 % CI 1·52, 6·32, and OR 2·42, 95 % CI 1·34, 4·39, respectively). In conclusion, the modern dietary pattern and the traditional north dietary pattern were associated with higher risk of obesity. Promoting healthier eating patterns could help prevent obesity in Chinese children.

scholarly journals Intraindividual Double Burden of Malnutrition in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 6–17 Years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Hongru Jiang ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Jiguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Studies on the intraindividual double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among Chinese children and adolescents were lacking. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of intraindividual DBM defined as the coexistence of overweight/obesity and dietary micronutrient intake insufficiency and investigate dietary micronutrient intake in Chinese children and adolescents. Using data from the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 1555 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years were selected as the subjects. We referred to China Food Composition to calculate the intakes of 11 selected dietary micronutrients from diet data collected by consecutive three days of 24 h recalls combined with household weighing of seasonings. We used the Chinese estimated average requirement (EARs) as a cutoff to define the dietary micronutrients deficiency, and applied the body-mass-index-for-age Z-scores (BAZ) of World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards to define the category of body weight. Among the subjects in present study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.43% and 11.06%, respectively, and 26.24% of the subjects had undergone intraindividual DBM. The results suggest that the prevalence of intraindividual DBM and dietary micronutrients deficiency in Chinese children and adolescents is high.

scholarly journals What factors may contribute to sex differences in childhood obesity prevalence in China?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2056-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian HC Wang ◽  
Jungwon Min ◽  
Hong Xue ◽  
Shufa Du ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies in China showed large sex differences in childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB) rates. However, limited research has examined the cause of these sex differences. The present study aimed to examine individual and parental/familial factors associated with sex differences in childhood OW/OB rates in China.DesignVariables associated with child weight status, beliefs and behaviours, and obesity-related parenting practices were selected to examine their sex differences and association with a sex difference in child OW/OB outcomes using logistic regression analysis.SettingCross-sectional data analysis using the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey.SubjectsChildren aged 6–17 years (n 1544) and their parents.ResultsOverall child OW/OB prevalence was 16·8 %. Adolescent boys (AB; 12–17 years) were about twice as likely to be overweight/obese as adolescent girls (AG; 15·5 v. 8·4 %, P<0·05). AB more likely had energy intake exceeding recommendations, self-perceived underweight, underestimated their body weight and were satisfied with their physical activity level than AG. AG more likely practised weight-loss management through diet and self-perceived overweight than AB. Mothers more likely identified AG’s weight accurately but underestimated AB’s weight. Stronger associations with risk of childhood OW/OB were found in boys than girls in dieting to lose weight (OR=6·7 in boys v. 2·6 in girls) and combined maternal and child perception of the child’s overweight (OR=35·4 in boys v. 14·2 in girls).ConclusionsLarge sex differences in childhood obesity may be related to the sex disparities in weight-related beliefs and behaviours among children and their parents in China.

Trends in abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents, 1993–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujing Ma ◽  
Dongqing Hou ◽  
Yanqing Zhang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Jiahong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

AbstractObjectivesThe prevalence of general overweight and obesity defined by body mass index criteria has greatly increased in Chinese children and adolescents in recent decades. However, few studies have considered the trend in abdominal obesity in Chinese children and adolescents. This study aimed to examine the secular trends in waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–17 years from 1993 to 2015.MethodsA total of 11,985 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a continuous cross-sectional survey, conducted from 1993 to 2015. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC≥age- and sex-specific 90th percentile based on the reference from Chinese children and adolescents or WHtR≥0.50.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex and region, mean WC increased from 60.27 cm in 1993 to 64.31 cm in 2015 (p for trend <0.001), and mean WHtR increased from 0.430 to 0.434 (p for trend <0.05). The prevalence of abdominal obesity defined by WC reference increased from 5.0% in 1993 to 19.3% in 2015 and defined by WHtR reference increased from 6.4% in 1993 to 14.5% in 2015 (p for trend <0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–17 years has increased between 1993 and 2015.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities and Obesity in South Africa—A Decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9181
Author(s):  
Eva Goetjes ◽  
Milena Pavlova ◽  
Charles Hongoro ◽  
Wim Groot
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
National Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Using Data

Background: Prior evidence shows that inequalities are related to overweight and obesity in South Africa. Using data from a recent national study, we examine the socioeconomic inequalities associated with obesity in South Africa and the factors associated with it. Methods: We use quantitative data from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) carried out in 2012. We estimate the concentration index (CI) to identify inequalities and decompose the CI to explore the determinants of these inequalities. Results: We confirm the existence of pro-rich inequalities associated with obesity in South Africa. The inequalities among males are larger (CI of 0.16) than among women (CI of 0.09), though more women are obese than men. Marriage increases the risk of obesity for women and men, while smoking decreases the risk of obesity among men significantly. Higher education is associated with lower inequalities among females. Conclusions: We recommend policies to focus on promoting a healthy lifestyle, including the individual’s perception of a healthy body size and image, especially among women.

581 Impact of Weight on Insomnia Severity, Sleep Quality, and Insomnia Improvement in a Clinically Referred Pediatric Sample

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A229-A229
Author(s):  
Kara Duraccio ◽  
Danielle Graef ◽  
Dean Beebe ◽  
Kelly Byars
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Clinically Referred ◽  
Adolescent Sleep ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insomnia Severity ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Children with overweight/obesity are more likely to have shortened sleep, though little is known about the role of weight status in insomnia severity, sleep quality, and sleep hygiene in clinically referred youth. Methods A total of 1133 children (43.7% female) presented to a Pediatric Behavioral Sleep Medicine Clinic for insomnia. At the initial evaluation, caregivers of children ages 2–10.9 years (N = 744) completed the Pediatric Insomnia Severity Scale (PISI) and the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ); adolescents ages 11–18 years (N = 389) completed the PISI, the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS), and the Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale (ASWS). The PISI was completed during at least one Pediatric Behavioral Sleep Medicine visit subsequent to evaluation and initiation of treatment. Patient height and weight, objectively measured within 3 months of the initial evaluation, was used to determine sex-adjusted body mass index z-scores (BMIz). Hierarchal linear regression models were used to determine the impact of BMIz on baseline PISI insomnia severity scores, and CSHQ, ASHS, and ASWS total scores, after covarying for income. Repeated-measures general linear modeling was used to determine whether weight status moderated improvement in insomnia severity over time, covarying for income. Results For children (ages 2–10.9), weight was not associated with baseline insomnia severity (p=.62) or predictive of insomnia improvement following behavioral sleep medicine intervention (p=.71), though higher weight predicted poorer parent-reported sleep quality (p=.006). For adolescents (ages 11–18), higher weight was predictive of higher baseline insomnia severity (p=.026), though did not predict insomnia improvement over time (p = .86); higher weight was also predictive of poorer sleep hygiene (p&lt;.001) and worse sleep quality (p=.03). Conclusion Initial insomnia severity and subjective sleep quality may be worse for youth of higher weight, particularly for adolescents; these findings increase our understanding of how and when overweight/obesity negatively impacts sleep. Fortunately, youth with higher weight respond equally well to pediatric behavioral sleep medicine interventions as their lower-weight peers, suggesting that these interventions need not be modified based on patient weight. Support (if any) Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology’s Research Funds

scholarly journals Secular change in the association between urbanisation and abdominal adiposity in China (1993–2011)

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Inoue ◽  
Annie Green Howard ◽  
Amanda L Thompson ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundLittle attention has been paid to how the association between urbanisation and abdominal adiposity changes over the course of economic development in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsData came from the China Health and Nutrition Survey waves 1993–2011 (seven waves). A mixed linear model was used to investigate the association between community-level urbanisation with waist-to-height ratio (WHtR; an indicator of abdominal adiposity). We incorporated interaction terms between urbanisation and study waves to understand how the association changed over time. The analyses were stratified by age (children vs adults).ResultsAdult WHtR was positively associated with urbanisation in earlier waves but became inversely associated over time. More specifically, a 1 SD increase in the urbanisation index was associated with higher WHtR by 0.002 and 0.005 in waves 1993 and 1997, while it was associated with lower WHtR by 0.001 in 2011. Among child participants, the increase in WHtR over time was predominantly observed in more urbanised communities.ConclusionOur study suggests a shift in adult abdominal adiposity from more urbanised communities to less urbanised communities over a time of rapid economic development in China. Children living in more urbanised communities had higher increase in abdominal obesity with urbanisation over time relative to children living in less urbanised communities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Hispanic Preschool Children in San Luis Obispo County, California

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (SI-Latino) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Kristine Z. Jankovitz ◽  
Karen J. McGaughey ◽  
Kyla Tom ◽  
Dayna Ravalin ◽  
Ann Yelmokas McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese (OW/OB) preschool children in San Luis Obispo County. Preschool children ages 3-5 years were measured for height and weight in 2006 (n = 482) and in 2009/10 combined (n = 559). The CDC BMI calculator for ages 2-20 was used to determine BMI classification. In 2006, 26.4% were OW/OB and by 2009/10, 34.8% were OW/OB. Rates were similar among boys and girls (p = 0.70) and increased significantly over time (p = 0.0070). Caucasian and Hispanic children had similar OW/OB rates in 2006, but by 2009/10 the Hispanic children were 2.7 times more likely to be obese (CI: 1.68, 4.57). Because Hispanic children were more likely to attend Head Start or California State preschools versus private preschools (78.0%, 81.0% and 7.4% respectively), it appears Head Start and California State preschools would be a likely place for interventions directed to meet the needs of Hispanic preschoolers, and may serve to reverse the trend in childhood obesity and address the disparity in weight status among Hispanic preschool aged children.

scholarly journals Impact of Education, Medical Services, and Living Conditions on Health: Evidence from China Health and Nutrition Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Xianhua Dai ◽  
Wenchao Li
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Education Medical ◽  
The Impact

Education, medical services, and living conditions can influence individual health and health literacy. We used the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey data to analyze the impact of education, medical services, and living conditions on individual health by extending the Grossman model. As a result, using the instrumental variable (read, write, and draw) two-stage least square method, we found that education, medical services, and living conditions have a positive impact on individual health, both physical health and psychological health. Among them, medical services have the largest influence, followed by living conditions and education. In addition, the results are robust. However, individual characteristics, family income, and working status also affect individual health. Moreover, we observed heterogeneity in age, sex, and residence in the impact of education, medical services, and living conditions on individual health. In particular, the health of the rural elderly and elderly women is more sensitive to education, the medical services of middle-aged women and young men have a greater impact on their health, and the living conditions of the rural elderly and youth have a greater impact on their health. All the findings are helpful for optimizing the path of the Healthy China program.

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