scholarly journals Diet Quality of Malaysians across Lifespan: A Scoping Review of Evidence in a Multi-Ethnic Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Amutha Ramadas ◽  
Su Ming Tham ◽  
Shehzeen Alnoor Lalani ◽  
Sangeetha Shyam
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Disease Risks

Malaysia is a rapidly developing economy experiencing a nutrition transition. It suffers from a double burden of over- and undernutrition, making it essential to understand diet quality in the population. In this scoping review, we have collated the existing literature on Malaysian diet quality, including factors that influence it, and the association between diet quality and health outcomes across the lifespan of Malaysians. Overall, diet quality was poor in all age groups studied. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and its iterations were predominantly used in urban and clinical settings to evaluate diet-chronic disease relationships. These indices were significantly associated with cardio-metabolic and disease risks in adults. The Diet Diversity Score (DDS) and Food Variety Score (FVS) were used to gauge diet quality in maternal and child nutrition studies and were associated with appropriate growth and caloric intake. Deficiencies were found in fruit, vegetable, legumes, and dairy intake. Meat, salt, and sugar intake were found to be excessive in many studies. The findings can inform policies to improve diet quality in this population. The review also identified knowledge gaps that require further investigation.

scholarly journals Defining Diet Quality: A Review of Diet Metrics as Applied to the Double Burden of Malnutrition (OR17-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Miller ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
Renata Micha ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objectives Meeting most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) will require a strong focus on tackling all forms of malnutrition─ addressing maternal and child health (MCH) as well as diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet, the optimal metrics to define a healthy diet remain unclear. Our aim was to comprehensively review diet metrics and assess the evidence on each metric's association with MCH and NCDs. Methods Using comprehensive searches and expert discussions, we identified metrics that i) are used in ≥3 countries to link diet to health, ii) quantify the number of foods/food groups consumed and/or iii) quantify recommended nutrient intakes. We reviewed and summarized each metric's development, components and scoring. For each identified metric, we systematically searched PubMed to identify meta-analyses or narrative reviews evaluating these metrics with nutrient adequacy and health outcomes. We assessed validity by grading the number of studies included and the consistency of the diet metric-disease relationship. Results We identified 6 MCH, 13 NCD and 0 MCH/NCD metrics. Most were developed for describing adherence to dietary guidelines or patterns, and others were developed for predicting micronutrient adequacy. On average, the metrics included 14 food groups/nutrients (range 4–45), with 10 food-group only metrics and 0 nutrient-only metrics. The most frequent metric components were grains/roots/tubers, fruits and vegetables. We identified 16 meta-analyses and 14 narrative reviews representing 102 metric-disease relationships (98 metric-NCD and 4 metric-MCH relationships, respectively). We found 5 metrics that have been consistently validated in meta-analyses and narrative reviews for NCDs, 1 metric with limited evidence for MCH, but 0 metrics for both. Of the metrics, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MED) were most commonly validated, especially for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (Figure 1). Conclusions Few diet metrics have been used in multiple countries to define a healthy diet. This suggests a serious gap in global analyses of diet quality relating to malnutrition in all its forms, which hinders effective policy action. Funding Sources Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Three-year trends in dietary behaviours among mothers, teenagers and children from SNAP-Ed (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program–Education) eligible households across California

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Molitor ◽  
Celeste Doerr ◽  
John Pugliese ◽  
Lauren Whetstone
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Nutrition Assistance

AbstractObjective:To examine trends from 2015 to 2017 in dietary behaviours and diet quality among low-income mothers, teenagers and children.Design:Cross-sectional telephone surveys using a validated 24 h dietary assessment.Setting:Randomly sampled households with incomes ≤185 % of the US federal poverty level across California.Participants:Survey participants were 13 247 mothers (≥18 years), 3293 teenagers (12–17 years) and 6043 children (5–11 years). Respondents were mostly Latino.Results:Over the 3-year study period, consumption of fruits and vegetables with and without 100 % fruit juice increased (P ≤ 0·05) by at least 0·3 cups/d for mothers, teenagers and children. Intake of water also increased (P ≤ 0·001) by more than 1 cup/d for mothers and children and 2 cups/d for teenagers. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption was unchanged over the 3 years. Overall diet quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015, improved (P ≤ 0·01) for mothers, teenagers and children. Covariates for the fifteen regression models (three age groups by five outcome variables) included race/ethnicity, age, education for mothers, and gender for teenagers and children.Conclusions:The observed increases in fruit and vegetable intake and improvements in overall diet quality during the 3-year period suggest that low-income Californians may have lowered their risk of preventable diseases. However, more intense or strategic SSB-reduction interventions are required. Regional- or state-level, population-based surveillance of dietary behaviours is useful for public health nutrition policy and programme decision making, and can be used to assess potential trends in future negative health outcomes and related costs associated with poor dietary behaviours within at-risk populations.

scholarly journals Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Y. Berhane ◽  
Magnus Jirström ◽  
Semira Abdelmenan ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Beatrix Alsanius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Limited Diet

In Sub-Saharan Africa, being overweight in childhood is rapidly rising while stunting is still remaining at unacceptable levels. A key contributor to this double burden of malnutrition is dietary changes associated with nutrition transition. Although the importance of socio-economic drivers is known, there is limited knowledge about their stratification and relative importance to diet and to different forms of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to assess diet diversity and malnutrition in preschoolers and evaluate the relative importance of socioeconomic resources. Households with children under five (5467) were enrolled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Standardized tools and procedures were used to collect data on diet, anthropometry and socio-economic factors. Multivariable analysis with cluster adjustment was performed. The prevalence of stunting was 19.6% (18.5–20.6), wasting 3.2% (2.8–3.7), and overweight/obesity 11.4% (10.6–12.2). Stunting, overweight, wasting and limited diet diversity was present in all social strata. Low maternal education was associated with an increased risk of stunting (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.8; 1.4–2.2), limited diet diversity (AOR: 0.33; 0.26–0.42) and reduced odds of being overweight (AOR: 0.61; 0.44–0.84). Preschoolers in Addis Ababa have limited quality diets and suffer from both under- and over-nutrition. Maternal education was an important explanatory factor for stunting and being overweight. Interventions that promote diet quality for the undernourished whilst also addressing the burgeoning problem of being overweight are needed.

Diet quality of adolescents with eating disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Santiago ◽  
Jacqueline Zimmerman ◽  
Ronald Feinstein ◽  
Martin Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Purpose To compare the nutritional intake of adolescents with eating disorders (EDs) to recommended Daily Values of macronutrients and micronutrients, using the Nutrition Data Systems for Research (NDSR); to determine if nutritional content varied among the different sub-types of EDs; and to use the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) as a measurement of diet quality in this population. Methods Forty-six adolescents referred to an ED Program were recruited for inclusion in this study. A detailed 24-h dietary recall from each participant was obtained and a detailed nutritional analysis was generated, allowing for calculation of the HEI-2010. Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine baseline characteristics of the study population and to determine associations and differences between ED subtypes. Results Average daily caloric intake was below recommended values in the study population. Despite this, the distribution of macronutrients was within the ranges recommended for older children and adolescents by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. Micronutrient content varied considerably. The study population had a mean HEI-2010 score of 60.1, falling within the “needs improvement” category. A majority of the participants had insufficient caloric intake for the HEI to be applicable. Conclusion Results suggest that adolescents with EDs have a surprisingly normal distribution of macronutrient intake. Although using a diet quality assessment tool such as the HEI-2010 has been helpful in analyzing overall diet quality in the general population, the restrictive caloric intake which characterizes the ED population prevents the utility of such a guide for most patients with EDs.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns of the Andean population of Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Romaguera ◽  
N. Samman ◽  
A. Rossi ◽  
C. Miranda ◽  
A. Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level

The aim of the present study was to describe dietary patterns in a representative sample from Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in a representative sample (n 1236) of individuals from these regions. For the present study, only children aged 2–9 years (n 360), adolescents aged 10–18 years (n 223) and adults aged 18 years or over (n 465) were considered. Breast-fed children, pregnant women and lactating women were excluded. Dietary data collection methods comprised one 24 h recall and a semi-quantitative FFQ. We used principal component (PC) analyses to identify prevailing dietary patterns. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the determinants of the identified dietary patterns. Two dominant PC were identified: PC1 reflected a ‘Western-like’ diet with an emphasis on not-autochthon foods. This pattern tended to be present in urban areas of the Quebrada region and was associated with a younger age, a higher level of development, and a worse diet quality. PC2 reflected an ‘Andean-like’ diet including a variety of autochthon crops. This was preferred by individuals living in rural areas from Puna with a high level of development during the post-harvest season, and was associated with a greater diet quality. These results suggest that the nutrition transition phenomenon is a reality in certain sectors of this population and might be one of the leading causes of the observed double burden of malnutrition.

Socioeconomic and Cultural Correlates of Diet Quality in the Canadian Arctic: Results from the 2007–2008 Inuit Health Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Galloway ◽  
Louise Johnson-Down ◽  
Grace M. Egeland
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: We examined the impact of socioeconomic and cultural factors on dietary quality in adult Inuit living in the Canadian Arctic. Methods: Interviews and a 24-h dietary recall were administered to 805 men and 1292 women from Inuit regions in the Canadian Arctic. We examined the effect of age, sex, education, income, employment, and cultural variables on respondents' energy, macronutrient intake, sodium/potassium ratio, and healthy eating index. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on diet quality indicators. Results: Age was positively associated with traditional food (TF) consumption and greater energy from protein but negatively associated with total energy and fibre intake. Associations between SES and diet quality differed considerably between men and women and there was considerable regional variability in diet quality measures. Age and cultural variables were significant predictors of diet quality in logistic regression. Increased age and use of the Inuit language in the home were the most significant predictors of TF consumption. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with studies reporting a nutrition transition in circumpolar Inuit. We found considerable variability in diet quality and complex interaction between SES and cultural variables producing mixed effects that differ by age and gender.

scholarly journals Diet quality, weight loss, and diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Allaire ◽  
◽  
Ashley H. Tjaden ◽  
Elizabeth M. Venditti ◽  
John W. Apolzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Incidence

Abstract Background We evaluated whether diet quality is a predictor of weight loss and reduced diabetes risk, independent of caloric intake in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cohort, a randomized clinical trial of adults at risk for diabetes. Methods This secondary analysis included 2914 participants with available data (964 intensive lifestyle (ILS), 977 metformin, 973 placebo). Dietary intake was assessed using a 117-item food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was quantified using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI). AHEI ranges from 0 to 110, with higher scores corresponding to higher quality diets. ILS participants had greater improvement (p < 0.001) in AHEI over 1-year (4.2 ± 9.0) compared to metformin (1.2 ± 8.5) and placebo (1.4 ± 8.4). We examined the association between AHEI change and weight change from baseline to 1-year using linear regression, and that between 1-year AHEI change and incident diabetes, using hazard models over an average 3 years follow-up. Models were evaluated within treatment group and adjusted for relevant characteristics including caloric intake, physical activity, BMI and AHEI. Models testing incident diabetes were further adjusted for baseline fasting and 2 h glucose. Results An increase in AHEI score was associated with weight loss in ILS [β per 10-point increase (SE) -1.2 kg (0.3, p < 0.001)], metformin [− 0. 90 kg (0.2, p < 0.001)] and placebo [− 0.55 kg (0.2, p = 0.01)]. However, AHEI change was not associated with incident diabetes in any group before or after adjustment for weight change. Conclusions Controlling for weight, diet quality was not associated with diabetes incidence but helps achieve weight loss, an important factor in diabetes prevention.

scholarly journals Review of the Nutrition Situation in Jordan: Trends and Way Forward

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Narmeen Jamal Al-Awwad ◽  
Jennifer Ayoub ◽  
Rawhieh Barham ◽  
Wafaa Sarhan ◽  
Murad Al-Holy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Jordan is witnessing an escalating pace of nutrition transition, which may be associated with an increased burden of malnutrition and related non-communicable diseases. This review analyzes the nutrition situation in Jordan by exploring specific nutrition indicators, namely infant and young child feeding, low birthweight, micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometric indicators, and food consumption patterns. Results showed that although most children were ever breastfed and early initiation of breastfeeding had a two-fold increasing trend, rates of exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until two years of age were low. Complementary feeding indicators, particularly minimum diet diversity and minimum acceptable diet standards, were suboptimal. An overall low burden of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under 5 years and remarkable progress in optimizing iodine status among school-aged children were reported. Conversely, the burden of low birthweight and overweight/obesity exacerbated, coexisting with anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Overall, fruit and vegetable consumption were inadequate. The consumption of soft drinks and salt on the other hand was higher than recommended. This review acknowledges the double burden of malnutrition in Jordan and recommends the prioritization and evaluation of interventions towards improving the population’s nutritional status and achieving nutrition targets.

scholarly journals The Dual Burden of Malnutrition in Brazil Among Children 4–13.9 Years of Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
Andrea Anater ◽  
Kevin Mathias ◽  
Joel Hampton ◽  
Alison Eldridge ◽  
Vanessa Campos
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among children aged 4 to 13.9 years in Brazil. Methods Caregivers of a cross-sectional random sample of children aged 4–13.9 years (n = 970) identified in three census regions in Brazil were surveyed. Children's body weight and height were measured using a calibrated scale and a stadiometer following U.S. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control procedures. Reference cut-points generated from a previous sample of Brazilian children using the LMS method to calculated sex specific BMI growth curves that intersected BMIs of 17.5, 25 and 30, at 20 years of age, were used to define underweight, overweight and obese children, respectively. Results Among older children, the prevalence of underweight and obesity decreased while overweight remained relatively stable across all age groups. The percentage (% ± SE) for underweight, overweight, and obese among 4–6.9 year olds (n = 319) were 5.7 ± 1%, 36 ± 4%, and 17 ± 3%, respectively. For 7–10.9 year olds (n = 396), these percentages were 3.1 ± 1%, 38 ± 3%, and 13 ± 2%; and for 11–13.9 year olds (n = 255), 3.2 ± 2%, 37 ± 5%, and 10 ± 3%. The overall percentage of underweight, overweight, and obese for males (n = 508) were 2.8 ± 1%, 34 ± 3%, and 11 ± 2%; and for females (n = 462), 4.9 ± 1%, 40 ± 3%, and 16 ± 2%. The prevalence of malnutrition among females was higher than for males for each condition and across all age categories except among 7–10.9 year olds with overnutrition. Conclusions Brazil is a middle-income country undergoing a rapid nutrition transition. A shift in dietary patterns and consumption and energy expenditures can result in the double burden of malnutrition, characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight and obesity within the population. Both are serious health problems, particularly when they occur in childhood as the effects can linger into adulthood. In 2019, the prevalence of overweight and obesity remain elevated, as does underweight, particularly among females. Promotion of physical activity and encouraging healthy dietary habits are needed to curtail obesity and overweight rates, with poverty reduction efforts enhanced to address the prevalence of underweight children. Funding Sources This project was funded by Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.

scholarly journals Regional Overview on Maternal and Child Nutrition and Examples of Nutrition Governance and Policy Responses: Europe, Central Asia and Eastern Mediterranean Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Yarparvar ◽  
Jo Martin Jewell ◽  
Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Governance Capacity ◽  
Mediterranean Regions

The Eastern Mediterranean Regions and Europe and Central Asia Regions are facing an epidemiological and nutrition transition, especially among vulnerable groups including mothers, children and adolescents. This has led to a double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF), poor dietary diversity, excessive consumption of energy dense unhealthy foods, a growing obesogenic environment for children, including aggressive marketing of unhealthy foods for children, and reduced physical activity are among the main causes. In addition, several countries in the region lack the nutrition governance capacity to respond effectively to the DBM. This article reviews the context and provides a set of conclusions in which countries are called to reduce the marketing of unhealthy foods for children, enforce the fortification of staple foods with micronutrients to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and improve IYCF, including breastfeeding in the region. Also, the call is strong for cross-border multi-sectoral efforts to address the DBM in these regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document