scholarly journals Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Y. Berhane ◽  
Magnus Jirström ◽  
Semira Abdelmenan ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Beatrix Alsanius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Limited Diet

In Sub-Saharan Africa, being overweight in childhood is rapidly rising while stunting is still remaining at unacceptable levels. A key contributor to this double burden of malnutrition is dietary changes associated with nutrition transition. Although the importance of socio-economic drivers is known, there is limited knowledge about their stratification and relative importance to diet and to different forms of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to assess diet diversity and malnutrition in preschoolers and evaluate the relative importance of socioeconomic resources. Households with children under five (5467) were enrolled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Standardized tools and procedures were used to collect data on diet, anthropometry and socio-economic factors. Multivariable analysis with cluster adjustment was performed. The prevalence of stunting was 19.6% (18.5–20.6), wasting 3.2% (2.8–3.7), and overweight/obesity 11.4% (10.6–12.2). Stunting, overweight, wasting and limited diet diversity was present in all social strata. Low maternal education was associated with an increased risk of stunting (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.8; 1.4–2.2), limited diet diversity (AOR: 0.33; 0.26–0.42) and reduced odds of being overweight (AOR: 0.61; 0.44–0.84). Preschoolers in Addis Ababa have limited quality diets and suffer from both under- and over-nutrition. Maternal education was an important explanatory factor for stunting and being overweight. Interventions that promote diet quality for the undernourished whilst also addressing the burgeoning problem of being overweight are needed.

scholarly journals Nutrition Transition & Double Burden of Malnutrition in Africa: A Case Study of Four Selected Countries with Different Income Levels (P10-074-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilee Kimmel ◽  
Teresia Mbogori ◽  
Mengxi Zhang ◽  
Jayanthi Kandiah ◽  
Youfa Wang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Abstract Objectives Disease and lifestyle patterns have been changing rapidly worldwide including Africa due to recent changes in economic growth and urbanization. However, research related to the effects of these changes on nutrition status in Africa is limited. This study investigated the shifts in nutritional status (undernutrition, overweight, obesity) in children and adults in 4 carefully selected low-, middle- and high income countries in Africa, identified factors associated with the shifts, and provided recommendations for future work. Methods Malawi, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa were selected based on their economic status, population size, urbanization, etc. Nationally representative data was obtained from sources such as 2017 Global Nutrition Report, Demographic Health Surveys (DHSs), Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), and World Health Organization (WHO). The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity (ov/ob), and some ratios were assessed and compared across the countries between 1998 and 2016. Results Varied nutrition status and shifts were observed among the countries during 1998–2016. Countries with the higher economic status also had higher prevalence and faster increasing trends of ov/ob. South Africa had the highest GDP and highest ov/ob rates in children <5, children 5-18, and adults >18 (13.3%, 24.7%, and 51.9% respectively). Malawi, with the lowest GDP, had the highest stunting rate (37%). In each country, but most notably in South Africa, trends indicated the increasing ov/ob rate (11.8%) was much greater than the declining underweight rate (2.4%). Slight declines in overweight in children under 5 years were observed in Malawi, Kenya, and Ghana, which might be due to reduced stunting rates. Sex differences existed in older children and adults, with higher rates of ov/ob in females and undernutrition among males. Conclusions Nutrition shifts, heavily influenced by economic development, are rapidly occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. The double-burden of malnutrition posts prioritization challenges for policymakers. Because undernutrition is now a declining issue, the focus should be shifted towards prevention of obesity, at least in higher income countries in Africa. Funding Sources The study is funded in part by a center grant from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH, U54HD070725).

scholarly journals Potential role of neglected and underutilized plant species in improving women’s empowerment and nutrition in areas of sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 817-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Conti ◽  
Ausilia Campanaro ◽  
Paola Coccetti ◽  
Rachele De Giuseppe ◽  
Andrea Galimberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Local Agriculture ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract In the context of the nutrition transition, women in sub-Sahara Africa are a critical target group from a nutrition standpoint, and they experience significant discrimination in food production. Food-based, women-centered strategies are recommended to address nutrient gaps, and to educate and empower women. In this context, local natural resources, such as neglected and underutilized plant species (NUS), may contribute to adding nutritional value, enriching diet diversity, and ensuring nutrition security. The aim of the current narrative review is to investigate the nutritional status of the sub-Saharan African population and the potential role of local agriculture strategies in improving food production and diet diversity and in expanding income-generating activities for women. The nutritional properties of the most important regional NUS are also discussed.

scholarly journals Attending Informal Preschools and Daycare Centers Is a Risk Factor for Underweight, Stunting and Wasting in Children under the Age of Five Years in Underprivileged Communities in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sphiwe Madiba ◽  
Paul Kiprono Chelule ◽  
Mathildah Mpata Mokgatle
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

The study objectives were to determine the nutritional status of children between the ages of 12–60 months and to establish the association between attending preschool and the prevalence of undernutrition. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in health facilities in Tshwane district in South Africa, consisting of both a questionnaire and anthropometric measures of 1256 mothers and their children. Weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for age (HAZ) and BMI-for-age (BAZ) were calculated and bivariate and multivariable analysis was performed to establish association. The results showed that child-related factors, namely birthweight, age, gender, and attending preschool increased the risk of undernutrition. Children over the age of 24 months were likely to be stunted and underweight. Maternal education reduced the odds of underweight. Children who stayed at home had reduced odds of underweight and stunting. High birthweight reduced the odds of wasting and underweight. The risks for undernutrition are multifaceted, but children who attend preschool have an increased risk of undernutrition. The risk of undernutrition increased with age and coincided with the time of cessation of breast-feeding and attendance at daycare or preschool. The complementary role of quality childcare in preschools and daycare centers is vital in alleviating the problem of undernutrition in underprivileged communities.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Dietary Intake among Rural Indian Women: An Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4851
Author(s):  
Alice Sims ◽  
Paige van der Pligt ◽  
Preethi John ◽  
Jyotsna Kaushal ◽  
Gaganjot Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Limited Diet

Food insecurity is an important contributor to health and a factor in both underweight and malnutrition, and overweight and obesity. Countries where both undernutrition and overweight and obesity coexist are said to be experiencing a double burden of malnutrition. India is one example of a country experiencing this double burden. Women have been found to experience the negative impacts of food insecurity and obesity, however, the reasons that women experience the impact of malnutrition more so than men are complex and are under-researched. This current research employed a mixed methods approach to begin to fill this gap by exploring the dietary intake, anthropometric characteristics, and food security status of rural Indian women. In total, 78 household were surveyed. The average waist measurement, waist to hip ratio, and BMI were all above WHO recommendations, with two thirds of participants categorized as obese. Contributing to these findings was a very limited diet, high in energy, and low in protein and iron. The findings of this research suggest that the rural Indian women in this study have a lack of diet diversity and may be at risk of a range of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Diet Quality of Malaysians across Lifespan: A Scoping Review of Evidence in a Multi-Ethnic Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Amutha Ramadas ◽  
Su Ming Tham ◽  
Shehzeen Alnoor Lalani ◽  
Sangeetha Shyam
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Disease Risks

Malaysia is a rapidly developing economy experiencing a nutrition transition. It suffers from a double burden of over- and undernutrition, making it essential to understand diet quality in the population. In this scoping review, we have collated the existing literature on Malaysian diet quality, including factors that influence it, and the association between diet quality and health outcomes across the lifespan of Malaysians. Overall, diet quality was poor in all age groups studied. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and its iterations were predominantly used in urban and clinical settings to evaluate diet-chronic disease relationships. These indices were significantly associated with cardio-metabolic and disease risks in adults. The Diet Diversity Score (DDS) and Food Variety Score (FVS) were used to gauge diet quality in maternal and child nutrition studies and were associated with appropriate growth and caloric intake. Deficiencies were found in fruit, vegetable, legumes, and dairy intake. Meat, salt, and sugar intake were found to be excessive in many studies. The findings can inform policies to improve diet quality in this population. The review also identified knowledge gaps that require further investigation.

scholarly journals Review of the Nutrition Situation in Jordan: Trends and Way Forward

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Narmeen Jamal Al-Awwad ◽  
Jennifer Ayoub ◽  
Rawhieh Barham ◽  
Wafaa Sarhan ◽  
Murad Al-Holy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Jordan is witnessing an escalating pace of nutrition transition, which may be associated with an increased burden of malnutrition and related non-communicable diseases. This review analyzes the nutrition situation in Jordan by exploring specific nutrition indicators, namely infant and young child feeding, low birthweight, micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometric indicators, and food consumption patterns. Results showed that although most children were ever breastfed and early initiation of breastfeeding had a two-fold increasing trend, rates of exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until two years of age were low. Complementary feeding indicators, particularly minimum diet diversity and minimum acceptable diet standards, were suboptimal. An overall low burden of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under 5 years and remarkable progress in optimizing iodine status among school-aged children were reported. Conversely, the burden of low birthweight and overweight/obesity exacerbated, coexisting with anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Overall, fruit and vegetable consumption were inadequate. The consumption of soft drinks and salt on the other hand was higher than recommended. This review acknowledges the double burden of malnutrition in Jordan and recommends the prioritization and evaluation of interventions towards improving the population’s nutritional status and achieving nutrition targets.

scholarly journals Geostatistical analysis and mapping: Social and environmental determinants of under-five child mortality, evidence from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice Moses K. Aheto ◽  
Robert Yankson ◽  
Michael Give Chipeta
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Generalised Linear Mixed Model

Abstract Background Under-five mortality (U5M) rates are among the health indicators of utmost importance globally. It is the goal 3 target 2.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals that is expected to be reduced to at least 25 per 1000 livebirths by 2030. Despite a considerable reduction in U5M was observed globally, several countries especially those in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) like Ghana are struggling to meet this target. Evidence-based targeting and utilization of the available limited public health resources are critical for effective design of intervention strategies that will enhance under-five child survival. We aimed to estimate and map U5M risk, with the ultimate goal of identifying communities at high risk where interventions can be targeted.Methods The 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data was used in this study. Geostatistical analyses were conducted on 5,801 children residing in 423 geographical clusters. The outcome variable is child survival status (alive or dead). We employed a geostatistical generalised linear mixed model to investigate both measured and unmeasured child specific and spatial risk factors for child survival. We then visualise child mortality by mapping the predictive probability of survival.Results Of the total sampled under 5 children, 280 (4.83%) experienced the outcome of interest. Children born as multiple births were at increased risk of mortality with AOR (9.28, 95% CI: 6.35 – 13.58) compared to singletons. Maternal education AOR (0.80, 95% CI: 0.68 – 0.93) and number of children under 5 within each household AOR (0.34, 95% CI: 0.28 – 0.41) were shown to have a protective effect. The predicted U5M risk in 2014 was at 8.3%. High altitude areas were highly associated with high U5M.Conclusion The analysis found that multiple births and high elevation are highly associated with U5M in Ghana. The high-resolution maps show areas and communities where interventions for U5M can be prioritised to have health impact.

scholarly journals White Matter Hyperintensity in Parkinson’s Disease Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biniyam A. Ayele ◽  
Hildana Gulelat ◽  
Mehila Zebenigus ◽  
Yonas Tadesse ◽  
Guta Zenebe
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: The clinical significance of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients was not sufficiently understood. Little is known about WMH in PD patients in sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The objectives of this study were to determine white matter hyperintensity and associated factors in Ethiopian PD patients.Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 42 PD patients with WMH and 42 PD patients with normal MRI in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Total of 84 patients with PD was included in the analysis. The overall mean age was 61.5 (11.6) years. Young onset PD (≤ 50 years) accounted 16.7%. Males accounted 67.9%. Tremor dominant PD accounted 88.1%. Forgetfulness and hallucination was reported by 8.3% and 13.1% respectively. The median serum vitamin D and the mean hemoglobin level was 14.9 (8.3 – 20.2) ng/mL and 14.8 (13.8) g/L respectively. Hypovitaminosis D was observed in 40.5% of PD patients; similarly, anemia was observed in 27.4%. Negative correlation was observed between participant’s age and their respective hemoglobin level. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was 29.8%, 13.1%, and 20.2% respectively. No association was observed between white matter hyperintensity and young onset PD, hypovitaminosis D, hypertension, and diabetes. Age and dyslipidemia were found to be independent predictor of white matter hyperintensity, when adjusted for the covariates.Conclusion: The present study indicates advanced age and dyslipidemia were associated with increased risk of having white matter hyperintensity on brain MRI of Ethiopian PD patients compared to those patients with normal MRI. Even though non-significant, the trend of vascular risk factors was in line with WMH.

scholarly journals Socio-economic condition and lack of virological suppression among adults and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244066
Author(s):  
Martin Plymoth ◽  
Eduard J. Sanders ◽  
Elise M. Van Der Elst ◽  
Patrik Medstrand ◽  
Fregenet Tesfaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Relative Wealth ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction The potential impact of socio-economic condition on virological suppression during antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa is largely unknown. In this case-control study, we compared socio-economic factors among Ethiopian ART recipients with lack of virological suppression to those with undetectable viral load (VL). Methods Cases (VL>1000 copies/ml) and controls (VL<150 copies/ml) aged ≥15years, with ART for >6 months and with available VL results within the last 3 months, were identified from registries at public ART clinics in Central Ethiopia. Questionnaire-based interviews on socio-economic characteristics, health condition and transmission risk behavior were conducted. Univariate variables associated with VL>1000 copies/ml (p<0.25) were added to a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Among 307 participants (155 cases, 152 controls), 61.2% were female, and the median age was 38 years (IQR 32–46). Median HIV-RNA load among cases was 6,904 copies/ml (IQR 2,843–26,789). Compared to controls, cases were younger (median 36 vs. 39 years; p = 0.004), more likely to be male (46.5% vs. 30.9%; p = 0.005) and had lower pre-ART CD4 cell counts (170 vs. 220 cells/μl; p = 0.009). In multivariable analysis of urban residents (94.8%), VL>1000 copies/ml was associated with lower relative wealth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.98; 95% CI 1.49–5.94; p = 0.016), geographic work mobility (aOR 6.27, 95% CI 1.82–21.6; p = 0.016), younger age (aOR 0.94 [year], 95% CI 0.91–0.98; p = 0.011), longer duration of ART (aOR 1.19 [year], 95% CI 1.07–1.33; p = 0.020), and suboptimal (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.33–10.2; p = 0.048) or poor self-perceived wellbeing (aOR 9.75, 95% CI 2.85–33.4; p = 0.012), after correction for multiple comparisons. High-risk sexual behavior and substance use was not associated with lack of virological suppression. Conclusion Geographic work mobility and lower relative wealth were associated with lack of virological suppression among Ethiopian ART recipients in this predominantly urban population. These characteristics indicate increased risk of treatment failure and the need for targeted interventions for persons with these risk factors.

scholarly journals Acute Dental Periapical Abscess and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2927
Author(s):  
Amaar Obaid Hassan ◽  
Gregory Y. H. Lip ◽  
Arnaud Bisson ◽  
Julien Herbert ◽  
Alexandre Bodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
National Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Periapical Abscess ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New Onset

There are limited data on the relationship of acute dental infections with hospitalisation and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to assess the relationship between acute periapical abscess and incident AF. This was a retrospective cohort study from a French national database of patients hospitalized in 2013 (3.4 million patients) with at least five years of follow up. In total, 3,056,291 adults (55.1% female) required hospital admission in French hospitals in 2013 while not having a history of AF. Of 4693 patients classified as having dental periapical abscess, 435 (9.27%) developed AF, compared to 326,241 (10.69%) without dental periapical abscess that developed AF over a mean follow-up of 4.8 ± 1.7 years. Multivariable analysis indicated that dental periapical abscess acted as an independent predictor for new onset AF (p < 0.01). The CHA2DS2VASc score in patients with acute dental periapical abscess had moderate predictive value for development of AF, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.73 (95% CI, 0.71–0.76). An increased risk of new onset AF was identified for individuals hospitalized with dental periapical abscess. Careful follow up of patients with severe, acute dental periapical infections is needed for incident AF, as well as investigations of possible mechanisms linking these conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document