scholarly journals Longitudinal Weight Gain and Related Risk Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adults in the US

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Surabhi Bhutani ◽  
Michelle R. vanDellen ◽  
Jamie A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Reported Data

Cross-sectional analyses have shown increased obesogenic behaviors and a potential for weight gain during COVID-19 related peak-lockdown (March–May 2020), but longitudinal data are lacking. This study assessed longitudinal changes in body weight and lifestyle behaviors in the US adults during the pandemic. Methods: We used Qualtrics survey to collect self-reported data on body weight, dietary, physical activity, and psychological variables (n = 727) during the peak-lockdown (April/May) and at post-lockdown (September/October). Peak-lockdown weight data were categorized based on the magnitude of weight gained, maintained, or lost, and behavioral differences were examined between categories at two time points. Results: Body weight increased (+0.62 kg; p < 0.05) at the post-lockdown period. The body mass index also increased (26.38 ± 5.98 kg/m2 vs. 26.12 ± 5.81 kg/m2; p < 0.01) at the post-lockdown period vs. peak-lockdown period. Close to 40% of participants reported gaining either 1–4 lbs or >5 lbs of body weight during the peak-lockdown, while 18.2% lost weight. Weight-gainers engaged in riskier dietary behaviors such as frequent ultra-processed food intake (p < 0.01) and snacking (p < 0.001), were less active, and reported high stress and less craving control during peak-lockdown. Of those gaining >5 lbs, 33% continued to gain weight after the lockdown eased, while 28% maintain higher body weight. In weight-gainers, takeout meal frequency increased, and high ultra-processed food intake and stress, and low craving control continued to persist after the lockdown eased. Conclusion: We show that the COVID-19 lockdown periods disrupted weight management among many Americans and that associated health effects are likely to persist.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns and Changes in Body Weight among Polish Women. A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ewa Drywień ◽  
Jadwiga Hamulka ◽  
Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos ◽  
Marta Jeruszka-Bielak ◽  
Magdalena Górnicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Body Weight

There is limited information on the relationships between restrictions linked to COVID-19 and changes in body weight. The aim of the study was to identify the body weight changes and their determinants in the nutritional and socio-demographic context during the COVID-19 pandemic in Polish women. During lockdown in Poland, 34% of women gained weight, while 18% of women reduced weight. As many as 44% of women with obesity before the pandemic increased their body weight, and 74% of women that were underweight reduced their body weight. In a group with weight gain, women increased their body weight by 2.8 kg on average and around 65% of them increased their total food intake. Unhealthy dietary changes and the negative lifestyle changes that comprised of an increase in screen time and a decrease in physical activity were found as key factors associated with weight gain. A higher risk of weight gain was associated with being obese before the pandemic or living in a macroeconomic region >50% of EU-28 GDP, while those younger in age and carrying out remote work had a higher chance of weight loss. Concluding, the specific conditions during lockdown worsened the nutritional status, which may increase the risk of complicatedness and mortality from COVID-19. It seems advisable to create dietary and lifestyle recommendations tailored to the individual needs of women who are underweight or have excessive body weight. More attention should be paid also to environmental impacts. Both, the reduction of excessive body weight and the maintenance of a normal weight should be based on the principle to eat and live sustainably and healthily.

Effects of combined glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid receptor modulation (CORT118335) on energy balance, adiposity, and lipid metabolism in male rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E337-E349
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Nguyen ◽  
Sarah Berman ◽  
Joshua Streicher ◽  
Christina M. Estrada ◽  
Jody L. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Receptor Modulation

Psychological stress and excess glucocorticoids are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Glucocorticoids act primarily through mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR), and compounds modulating these receptors show promise in mitigating metabolic and cardiovascular-related phenotypes. CORT118335 (GR/MR modulator) prevents high-fat diet-induced weight gain and adiposity in mice, but the ability of this compound to reverse obesity-related symptoms is unknown. Adult male rats were subcutaneously administered CORT118335 (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily. A 5-day treatment with CORT118335 at 30 mg/kg induced weight loss in rats fed a chow diet by decreasing food intake. However, lower doses of the compound attenuated body weight gain primarily because of decreased calorific efficiency, as there were no significant differences in food intake compared with vehicle. Notably, the body weight effects of CORT118335 persisted during a 2-wk treatment hiatus, suggesting prolonged effects of the compound. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate a sustained effect of combined GR/MR modulation on body weight gain. These findings suggest that CORT118335 may have long-lasting effects, likely due to GR/MR-induced transcriptional changes. Prolonged (18 days) treatment of CORT118335 (10 mg/kg) reversed body weight gain and adiposity in animals fed a high-fat diet for 13 wk. Surprisingly, this occurred despite a worsening of the lipid profile and glucose homeostasis as well as a disrupted diurnal corticosterone rhythm, suggesting GR agonistic effects in the periphery. We conclude that species and tissue-specific targeting may result in promising leads for exploiting the metabolically beneficial aspects of GR/MR modulation.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN INTER DIALITIC WEIGHT GAINS (IDWG) DENGAN TERJADINYA KOMPLIKASI DURANTE HEMODIALISIS PADA PASIEN GINJAL KRONIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Harry Permana Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Weight gain is based on dry weight. When the body has to bear excess fluid between two dialysis times, this is what is called interdialitic body weight / Inter Dialitic Weight Gain (IDWG). IRR in 2015 noted the most frequent complication in hemodialysis durante was hypertension (38%), followed by hypotension (15%), where the etiology of the two complications above is very closely related to the number of ultrafiltration. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between inter dialitic weight gains (IDWG) with the occurrence of complications of durante hemodialysis. By using a research design analytic method that uses a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses total sampling, in which 60 respondents measured body weight and blood pressure and observed whether experiencing complications durante hemodialysis. Furthermore, the results of observations are written in the observation sheet and tested by statistical data with the Chi-Square Test. The results showed the majority of respondents had a moderate IDWG of 33 people (55%), of which 27 people (45%) had complications consisting of 7 people (11.7%) hypotension and 20 people (33.3%) hypertension. Statistical test results with the chi-square test showed that the value of p = 0,000, which means that there is a significant relationship between IDWG and the occurrence of complications of hemodialysis durante. Future researchers are expected to be able to further develop research on other complications that may occur related to IDWG.  

Pharmacological actions of the peptide hormone amylin in the long-term regulation of food intake, food preference, and body weight

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (5) ◽  
pp. R1855-R1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Mack ◽  
Julie Wilson ◽  
Jennifer Athanacio ◽  
James Reynolds ◽  
Kevin Laugero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat

The ability of amylin to reduce acute food intake in rodents is well established. Longer-term administration in rats (up to 24 days) shows a concomitant reduction in body weight, suggesting energy intake plays a significant role in mediating amylin-induced weight loss. The current set of experiments further explores the long-term effects of amylin (4–11 wk) on food preference, energy expenditure, and body weight and composition. Furthermore, we describe the acute effect of amylin on locomotor activity and kaolin consumption to test for possible nonhomeostatic mechanisms that could affect food intake. Four-week subcutaneous amylin infusion of high-fat fed rats (3–300 μg·kg−1·day−1) dose dependently reduced food intake and body weight gain (ED50for body weight gain = 16.5 μg·kg−1·day−1). The effect of amylin on body weight gain was durable for up to 11 wks and was associated with a specific loss of fat mass and increased metabolic rate. The body weight of rats withdrawn from amylin (100 μg·kg−1·day−1) after 4 wks of infusion returned to control levels 2 wks after treatment cessation, but did not rebound above control levels. When self-selecting calories from a low- or high-fat diet during 11 wks of infusion, amylin-treated rats (300 μg·kg−1·day−1) consistently chose a larger percentage of calories from the low-fat diet vs. controls. Amylin acutely had no effect on locomotor activity or kaolin consumption at doses that decreased food intake. These results demonstrate pharmacological actions of amylin in long-term body weight regulation in part through appetitive-related mechanisms and possibly via changes in food preference and energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Orexigenic response to tail pinch: role of brain NPY1 and corticotropin releasing factor receptors

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (3) ◽  
pp. R164-R174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Goebel-Stengel ◽  
Andreas Stengel ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Yvette Taché
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tail Pinch ◽  
Acute Response

Tail pinch stimulates food intake in rats. We investigated brain mechanisms of this response and the influence of repeated exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats received acute (5 min) or repeated (5 min/day for 14 days) tail pinch using a padded clip. Acute tail pinch increased 5-min food intake compared with control (0.92 ± 0.2 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01 g, P < 0.01). This response was inhibited by 76% by intracerebroventricular injection of BIBP-3226, a neuropeptide Y1 (NPY1) receptor antagonist, increased by 48% by astressin-B, a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist, and not modified by S-406-028, a somatostatin subtype 2 antagonist. After the 5-min tail pinch without food, blood glucose rose by 21% ( P < 0.01) while changes in plasma acyl ghrelin (+41%) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (+37%) were not significant. Two tail pinches (45 min apart) activate pontine and hindbrain catecholaminergic and hypothalamic paraventricular CRF neurons. After 14 days of repeated tail pinch, the 5-min orexigenic response was not significantly different from days 2 to 11 but reduced by 50% thereafter ( P < 0.001). Simultaneously, the 5-min fecal pellet output increased during the last 5 days compared with the first 5 days (+58%, P < 0.05). At day 14, the body weight gain was reduced by 22%, with a 99% inhibition of fat gain and a 25% reduction in lean mass ( P < 0.05). The orexigenic response to acute 5-min tail pinch is likely to involve the activation of brain NPY1 signaling, whereas that of CRF tends to dampen the acute response and may contribute to increased defecation and decreased body weight gain induced by repeated tail pinch.

scholarly journals Eating behaviour and weight development of European and Asian seafarers during stay on board and at home

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Alexander Neumann ◽  
Lukas Belz ◽  
Dorothee Dengler ◽  
Volker Harth ◽  
Thomas von Münster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Food choices on board merchant ships are limited and seafarers repeatedly described as being at high risk of developing overweight compared to the general population. Up to date, research has not distinguished whether seafarers gain weight on board or at home and whether eating habits differ in both settings. Methods As part of the e-healthy ship project, cross-sectional data were collected in two different measurements. In the first investigation on board of three merchant ships of German shipping companies, differences in eating behaviour at home compared to on board ships were assessed for 18 Burmese, 26 Filipino and 20 European seafarers. In a second study, BMI, weight development and location of body weight change of 543 Filipino and 277 European seafarers were examined using an online questionnaire on 68 ships. Results According to the board examinations, foods and beverages consumed on merchant ships varied widely from seafarers’ diets in their home country. Burmese, Filipino and European seafarers equally reported to consume more fruit (z = 4.95, p < .001, r = .62) and vegetables (z = 6.21, p < .001, r = .79), but less coke (z = −5.00, p < .001, r = .76) when at home. Furthermore, culturally different changes were found across all other foods and beverages. The online questionnaire revealed that 45.8% of seafarers were overweight (55.4% Europeans vs. 40.8% Filipinos, p < .001) and 9.8% obese. Moreover, a higher percentage of Europeans compared to Filipinos reported weight gain over the course of their professional career (50.2% vs. 40.7%, p = .007). A sub-analysis of seafarers with weight gain found that more Europeans than Filipinos gained weight at home (43.9% vs. 23.1%, p < .001). Conclusions Both, home and working on board merchant ships, represent very different living environments which may affect seafarers’ lifestyle and eating habits in various ways and thus could favour or inhibit weight gain. From our results, it appears that the body weight and eating habits of Asian seafarers in particular are adversely affected by the working and living conditions on board. Further prospective studies are required to prove this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling in the Hypothalamus: Mechanisms Related to Nicotine’s Effects on Food Intake

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cali A Calarco ◽  
Marina R Picciotto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Preclinical Work

Abstract Despite health risks associated with smoking, up to 20% of the US population persist in this behavior; many smoke to control body weight or appetite, and fear of post-cessation weight gain can motivate continued smoking. Nicotine and tobacco use is associated with lower body weight, and cessation yields an average weight gain of about 4 kg, which is thought to reflect a return to the body weight of a typical nonsmoker. Nicotine replacement therapies can delay this weight gain but do not prevent it altogether, and the underlying mechanism for how nicotine is able to reduce weight is not fully understood. In rodent models, nicotine reduces weight gain, reduces food consumption, and alters energy expenditure, but these effects vary with duration and route of nicotine administration. Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). Manipulation of nAChR subunit expression within the ARC can block the ability of nicotine and the nicotinic agonist cytisine from decreasing food intake; however, it is unknown exactly how this reduces food intake. This review summarizes the clinical and preclinical work on nicotine, food intake, and weight gain, then explores the feeding circuitry of the ARC and how it is regulated by nicotine. Finally, we propose a novel hypothesis for how nicotine acts on this hypothalamic circuit to reduce food intake. Implications: This review provides a comprehensive and updated summary of the clinical and preclinical work examining nicotine and food intake, as well as a summary of recent work examining feeding circuits of the hypothalamus. Synthesis of these two topics has led to new understanding of how nAChR signaling regulates food intake circuits in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Divergent Effects of Oxytocin Treatment of Obese Diabetic Mice on Adiposity and Diabetes

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 4189-4201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Altirriba ◽  
Anne-Laure Poher ◽  
Aurélie Caillon ◽  
Denis Arsenijevic ◽  
Christelle Veyrat-Durebex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Oxytocin has been suggested as a novel therapeutic against obesity, because it induces weight loss and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese rodents. A recent clinical pilot study confirmed the oxytocin-induced weight-reducing effect in obese nondiabetic subjects. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved and the impact on the main comorbidity associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, are unknown. Lean and ob/ob mice (model of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and diabetes) were treated for 2 weeks with different doses of oxytocin, analogues with longer half-life (carbetocin) or higher oxytocin receptor specificity ([Thr4,Gly7]-oxytocin). Food and water intake, body weight, and glycemia were measured daily. Glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance, body composition, several hormones, metabolites, gene expression, as well as enzyme activities were determined. Although no effect of oxytocin on the main parameters was observed in lean mice, the treatment dose-dependently reduced food intake and body weight gain in ob/ob animals. Carbetocin behaved similarly to oxytocin, whereas [Thr4,Gly7]-oxytocin (TGOT) and a low oxytocin dose decreased body weight gain without affecting food intake. The body weight gain-reducing effect was limited to the fat mass only, with decreased lipid uptake, lipogenesis, and inflammation, combined with increased futile cycling in abdominal adipose tissue. Surprisingly, oxytocin treatment of ob/ob mice was accompanied by a worsening of basal glycemia and glucose tolerance, likely due to increased corticosterone levels and stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. These results impose careful selection of the conditions in which oxytocin treatment should be beneficial for obesity and its comorbidities, and their relevance for human pathology needs to be determined.

scholarly journals PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK AKAN MEMPENGARUHI BERAT BADAN AKSEPTOR KB SUNTIK DI KOTA BARU DRIYOREJO

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Kamariyah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Acceptor use of contraceptive injection most complain weight increased. Although knowing acceptor increased weight, they keep use contraceptive injectable. Therefore, this study was purposed to find out the correlation between the use of contraceptive injection and the body weight change happening to the acceptors. The design of study was analytic-cross sectional. The population involved all  acceptors using  contraceptive  injection  for more  than  one  year,totally  89 people. 74 respondents were chosen as the samples by using probability sampling in  which  the  simple  random  sampling  technique  was  applied  in  this  study. Variable of this research are independent (the use of contraceptive injection) and dependent (the body weight change). The data were collected by using family planning registration card, observation sheets, and a weight scale. The data were processed by editing, coding and tabulating. The data analysis was done by using Mann-Whitney’s test with the significance level α = 0.05.  The result of analysis showed that p = 0.007 < α = 0.05 which meant that H0 was rejected most of the acceptors having three-month contraceptive injection had weight gain. describing that there was a  correlation between  the use of contraceptive injection and the body weight change happening to the acceptors. The conclusion of this study was that the use of contraceptive injection containing  hormone  affect  the  change  of  body  weight.  Thus,  the  correct counseling, information, and education to the acceptors contraceptive injection to choice non hormonal contraceptive if experienced excessive weight gain.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Reduces Weight Gain Induced by Rosiglitazone through PPARγand Leptin Receptor in CNS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Jing ◽  
Chen Ou ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Tianlin Wang ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Transcription 3

We investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on protecting the weight gain side effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and its possible mechanism in central nervous system (CNS). Our study showed that RSG (5 mg/kg) significantly increased the body weight and food intake of the T2DM rats. After six-week treatment with RSG combined with EA, body weight, food intake, and the ratio of IWAT to body weight decreased significantly, whereas the ratio of BAT to body weight increased markedly. HE staining indicated that the T2DM-RSG rats had increased size of adipocytes in their IWAT, but EA treatment reduced the size of adipocytes. EA effectively reduced the lipid contents without affecting the antidiabetic effect of RSG. Furthermore, we noticed that the expression of PPARγgene in hypothalamus was reduced by EA, while the expressions of leptin receptor and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were increased. Our results suggest that EA is an effective approach for inhibiting weight gain in T2DM rats treated by RSG. The possible mechanism might be through increased levels of leptin receptor and STAT3 and decreased PPARγexpression, by which food intake of the rats was reduced and RSG-induced weight gain was inhibited.

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