scholarly journals The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Linn Nilsen ◽  
Laila A. Hopstock ◽  
Guri Skeie ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Marie W. Lundblad
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations ◽  
Recommended Level

Worldwide, there are socioeconomic inequalities in health and diet. We studied the relationship between education and nutrient intake in 11,302 women and men aged 40–96 years who participated in the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016), Norway (attendance 65%). Diet was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between education and intake of total energy and macronutrients by sex using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, leisure time physical activity and smoking. The intake of macronutrients was compared with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. There was a positive association between education and intake of fiber and alcohol, and a negative association between education and intake of total carbohydrates and added sugar in both women and men. Participants with long tertiary education had higher odds of being compliant with the recommended intake of fiber and protein and the maximum recommended level for added sugar and had lower odds of being compliant with the recommended intake of total carbohydrates and the maximum recommended level for alcohol, compared to participants with primary education. Overall, we found that participants with higher education were more compliant with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012.

scholarly journals Dietary and lifestyle inflammatory scores are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Karim Parastouei ◽  
Hosein Rostami ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Abstract Background In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association of dietary inflammation scores (DIS) and lifestyle inflammation scores (LIS) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a prospective population-based study. Methods A total of 1625 participants without MetS were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(2006–2008) and followed a mean of 6.1 years. Dietary data of subjects were collected using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline to determine LIS and DIS. Multivariable logistic regression models, were used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of MetS across tertiles of DIS and LIS. Results Mean ± SD age of individuals (45.8 % men) was 37.5 ± 13.4 years. Median (25–75 interquartile range) DIS and LIS for all participants was 0.80 (− 2.94, 3.64) and 0.48 (− 0.18, − 0.89), respectively. During the study follow-up, 291 (17.9 %) new cases of MetS were identified. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, a positive association was found between LIS (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 5.10–11.22, P for trend < 0.001) and risk of MetS, however, the association of DIS and risk of MetS development was not statistically significant (OR = 1.30;95% CI 0.93–1.80, P for trend = 0.127). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, the risk of MetS is increased across tertiles of DIS (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.09–2.33, P for trend = 0.015) and LIS(OR = 8.38; 95% CI 5.51–12.7, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the current study showed that greater adherence to LIS and DIS, determined to indicate the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, are associated with increased the risk of MetS.

scholarly journals Naturally occurring and added sugar in relation to macronutrient intake and food consumption: results from a population-based study in adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina E. Kaartinen ◽  
Minna E. Similä ◽  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
Liisa M. Valsta ◽  
Kennet Harald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Naturally Occurring

AbstractAssociations between sugar intake and the remaining diet are poorly described in modern food environments. We aimed at exploring associations of high naturally occurring and added sugar intakes with sociodemographic characteristics, intake of macronutrients, fibre and selected food groups. Our data comprised 4842 Finnish adults aged 25–74 years, who participated in the population-based DIetary, Lifestyle and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome (DILGOM) study. Diet was assessed by a validated 131-item FFQ. The food item disaggregation approach was used to estimate sucrose and fructose intakes from natural sources (naturally occurring sugar) and all other sources (added sugar). Sex-specific trends in macronutrient, fibre and food group intakes across sugar type quartiles were determined with general linear modelling adjusting for age, energy intake, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, education and BMI. Overall, results were similar across sexes. Young age was found to be a determinant of higher added sugar and lower naturally occurring sugar intakes (P < 0·0001). High added sugar intake was associated with low fibre intake (P < 0·0001) accompanied with lower fruit (P < 0·0001 women; P = 0·022 men) and vegetable consumption (P < 0·0001) and higher wheat consumption (P = 0·0003 women; P < 0·0001 men). Opposite results were found for naturally occurring sugar. Butter consumption increased by 28–32 % (P < 0·0001) when shifting from the lowest to the highest added sugar intake quartile, while a decrease of 26–38 % (P < 0·0001) was found for naturally occurring sugar. Therefore, the associations of sugar types with dietary carbohydrate and fat quality seem opposing. Proper adjustments with dietary variables are needed when studying independent relationships between sugar and health.

scholarly journals The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and prostate cancer risk in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1897-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Möller ◽  
Carlotta Galeone ◽  
Hans-Olov Adami ◽  
Jan Adolfsson ◽  
Therese M-L Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Cancer Of The Prostate ◽  
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations

AbstractObjectiveThe Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) aim at preventing diet-associated diseases such as cancer in the Nordic countries. We evaluated adherence to the NNR in relation to prostate cancer (PC) in Swedish men, including potential interaction with a genetic risk score and with lifestyle factors.DesignPopulation-based case–control study (Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS), 2001–2002). Using data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, we created an NNR adherence score and estimated relative risks of PC by unconditional logistic regression. Individual score components were modelled separately and potential modifying effects were assessed on the multiplicative scale.SettingFour regions in the central and northern parts of Sweden.SubjectsIncident PC patients (n 1386) and population controls (n 940), frequency-matched on age and region.ResultsNo overall association with PC was found, possibly due to the generally high adherence to the NNR score and its narrow distribution in the study population. Among individual NNR score components, high compared with low intakes of polyunsaturated fat were associated with an increased relative risk of localized PC. No formal interaction with genetic or lifestyle factors was observed, although in stratified analysis a positive association between the NNR and PC was suggested among men with a high genetic risk score but not among men with a medium or low genetic risk score.ConclusionsOur findings do not support an association between NNR adherence and PC. The suggestive interaction with the genetic risk score deserves further investigations in other study populations.

scholarly journals Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Parasite Infection in a Developing Nation Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Morgan ◽  
Matthew Benshoff ◽  
Mercedes Cáceres ◽  
Sylvia Becker-Dreps ◽  
Loreto Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Post Infectious

Postinfectious IBS is defined in the industrialized world as IBS onset following a sentinel gastrointestinal infection. In developing nations, where repeated bacterial and parasitic gastrointestinal infections are common, the IBS pathophysiology may be altered. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between intestinal parasite infection and IBS in the “nonsterile” developing world environment. IBS subjects were identified from a population-based sample of 1624 participants using the Rome II Modular Questionnaire. Stool samples from cases and randomly selected controls were examined for ova and parasites. Logistic regression models explored the relationship between IBS and parasite infection. The overall IBS prevalence among participants was 13.2% (9.3% males, 15.9% females). There was no difference in parasite carriage between IBS cases and controls, 16.6% versus 15.4% (P=0.78), nor among IBS subtypes. The pathophysiology of post-infectious IBS may be altered in the developing world as compared to industrialized nations and warrants investigation.

scholarly journals Association between device-measured physical activity and lumbar Modic changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marella Modarress Julin ◽  
Jesperi Saukkonen ◽  
Petteri Oura ◽  
Maisa Niemelä ◽  
Juho-Antti Junno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Modic Changes ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Modic changes (MC) in the lumbar spine are considered one potential etiological factor behind low back pain (LBP). Multiple risk factors for MC have been suggested, including male gender, smoking and factors affecting hyperloading and mechanical stress such as high body mass index (BMI), strenuous physical work and high occupational and leisure-time physical activity (PA). So far, the effect of PA on the occurrence of MC has remained under debate due to contradictory findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between device-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (≥ 3.5 METs) and lumbar MC. Methods The study had 1374 participants from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. At the age of 46–48, PA was measured by a wrist-worn accelerometer, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out to determine MC. We analyzed the association between Type 1 (MC1) and Type 2 (MC2) MC and daily amount of MVPA (min/day) using sex-stratified logistic regression models before and after adjustment for BMI, socioeconomic status, smoking, and accelerometer wear time. Results Among men, increased amount of MVPA was positively associated with any MC (adjusted OR corresponding to every 60 min/day of MVPA 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.95) and MC2 (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.08), but not with MC1 (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.39). Among women, we only found a positive association between MVPA and MC1 before adjustments (unadjusted OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.92). Conclusion Among men, increased amount of MVPA was associated with increased odds of any MC and particularly MC2. Among women, MVPA was not independently associated with MC.

scholarly journals The association of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus with cognitive deficit in a general population: the Ohasama study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomofumi Nishikawa ◽  
Ichiro Akiguchi ◽  
Michihiro Satoh ◽  
Azusa Hara ◽  
Mikio Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
New Development ◽  
Evans Index ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractDisproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) is the characteristic feature of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. We aimed to characterize the prevalence, development, and association of DESH to cognitive deficit in a large population. We reviewed the data of 1384 subjects eligible for the present study among 1590 participants who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the Ohasama Study, a population-based study in Ohasama, Japan. The participants with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score <  = 25 were assumed to have cognitive deficit and DESH was evaluated by reviewing the MRIs. We assessed the association between DESH, Evans index (EI), and cognitive deficit using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for relevant confounders. Furthermore, we evaluated the new development of DESH and the deterioration of cognitive function in the participants with DESH. There were nine participants with DESH (0.65%), seven of whom showed cognitive deficit. DESH was significantly associated with cognitive deficit in multivariate regression analyses (odds ratio; 8.50 [95% confidence interval: 1.61–44.88]). In the 669 participants who underwent follow-up MRI, we found four participants newly presenting with DESH; the development of DESH was observed before/after the presence of EI > 0.3. We also found two participants with existing DESH showing no remarkable worsening in MMSE and EI. The present study demonstrated a positive association between the presence of DESH and cognitive deficit. DESH can develop independently of EI > 0.3, and ventricular enlargement in combination with DESH may be an important factor in the worsening of cognitive deficit.

scholarly journals Serum artemin is not correlated with sensitivity within dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Gupta ◽  
Ludovica Chiavaccini ◽  
Laura M. Minnema ◽  
King Wa Chiu ◽  
David Knazovicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Pain ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Body ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Osteoarthritis Pain ◽  
Somatosensory Sensitivity ◽  
Degree Of Sensitization ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) pain is associated with peripheral and central sensitization in humans and results in widespread increased sensitivity across the body. Sensitization contributes to the OA-associated pain (OAP) state. We recently identified increased levels of an endogenous neurotrophic factor, artemin (ARTN), in dogs with OAP compared to healthy pain-free controls. Circulating ARTN released from damaged tissues in OA, may play a central role in widespread sensitivity and pain. However, the relationship between ARTN and somatosensory sensitivity remains unknown. The study aimed to assess the relationship between serum ARTN concentrations and measures of sensitivity in dogs with OAP using quantitative sensory testing. We hypothesized that there would be a positive association between circulating ARTN and increased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli in dogs with OAP. We used linear and logistic regression models to assess the relationship between ARTN, sensitization, and pain within a cohort of 43 dogs with spontaneous OAP. Serum ARTN was not associated with the degree of sensitization within dogs with OAP. Further, across dogs with varying OAP severity, we did not find any association between ARTN, and clinical measures of joint pain and disability. Although a relationship between ARTN and joint pain was not ruled out.

scholarly journals Determinants for Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine among Nigerians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu A Eze ◽  
Kingsley I Ndoh Ndoh ◽  
Babalola A. Ibisola ◽  
Chinemerem D. Onwuliri ◽  
Adenakan Osiyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract AimTo assess the degree and determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine among NigeriansMaterials and methodsFollowing appropriate ethical protocol, a population-based cross-sectional study conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire from a previous study adapted to suit the Nigeria setting and distributed among Nigerians aged 18 years and above. The country was grouped in to three regions: East, North and West representing the major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Participants were recruited based on six different catchments: residential, marketplace recreational areas, cooperate organizations, schools, and Faith-based organizations. Information obtained include socio-demographics, medical history related pertinent to COVID-19, level of knowledge, risk perception, and attitudes towards of COVID-19 and the vaccine amongst others. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done on the variables and results were summarized into percentages and associations noted.ResultsA total of 358 responses were obtained out of the 120 questionnaires distributed in each of the three regions of which. The mean age of respondents was 32years (± 11.2SD). Igbo and Yoruba were the major ethnic groups comprising 38% and 31% of study participants respectively. Three-quarter had tertiary education, 43% of them were civil servants and professionals, 34% of them were unemployed, and 8.9% of them were roadside traders. Majority (66.2%) were willing to accept the approved vaccine with male gender, identifying as Christian, Hausa ethnicity and living in the northern Nigeria had a significant positive association with COVID-19 vaccine uptake.Conclusiontwo out of three Nigerian adults indicated interest in accepting the corona virus vaccine. This calls with critical stakeholders and leaders at all levels to be involved in public education based on sound evidence and the discouragement of the spread of conspiracy theories to eliminate the negative associated factors will reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase COVID-19 vaccination rates in Nigeria.

Multicentre, cross-cultural, population-based, case–control study of physical activity as risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E Visser ◽  
James P K Rooney ◽  
Fabrizio D’Ovidio ◽  
Henk-Jan Westeneng ◽  
Roel C H Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in population-based case–control studies in three European countries using a validated and harmonised questionnaire.MethodsPatients with incident ALS and controls were recruited from five population-based registers in The Netherlands, Ireland and Italy. Demographic and data regarding educational level, smoking, alcohol habits and lifetime PA levels in both leisure and work time were gathered by questionnaire, and quantified using metabolic equivalent of task scores. Logistic regression models adjusting for PA-related factors were used to determine the association between PA and ALS risk, and forest plots were used to visualise heterogeneity between regions.Results1557 patients and 2922 controls were included. We found a linear association between ALS and PA in leisure time (OR 1.07, P=0.01) and occupational activities (OR 1.06, P<0.001), and all activities combined (OR 1.06, P<0.001), with some heterogeneity between regions: the most evident association was seen in the Irish and Italian cohorts. After adjustment for other occupational exposures or exclusion of patients with a C9orf72 mutation, the ORs remained similar.ConclusionWe provide new class I evidence for a positive association between PA and risk of ALS in a large multicentre study using harmonised methodology to objectively quantify PA levels, with some suggestions for population differences.

scholarly journals Comorbidity and survival after admission to the intensive care unit: A population-based study of 41,230 patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 175114372091422
Author(s):  
Alasdair Simpson ◽  
Kathryn Puxty ◽  
Philip McLoone ◽  
Tara Quasim ◽  
Billy Sloan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Rheumatological Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose To describe the relationship between comorbidities and survival following admission to the intensive care unit. Methods Retrospective observational study using several linked routinely collected databases from 16 general intensive care units between 2002 and 2011. Comorbidities identified from hospitalisation in the five years prior to intensive care unit admission. Odds ratios for survival in intensive care unit, hospital and at 30 days, 180 days and 12 months after intensive care unit admission derived from multiple logistic regression models. Results There were 41,230 admissions to intensive care units between 2002 and 2011. Forty-one percent had at least one comorbidity – 24% had one, 17% had more than one. Patients with comorbidities were significantly older, had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and were more likely to have received elective rather than emergency surgery compared with those without comorbidities. After excluding elective hospitalisations, intensive care unit and hospital mortality for the cohort were 24% and 29%, respectively. Asthma (odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.99) and solid tumours (odds ratio 0.74, 0.67–0.83) were associated with lower odds of intensive care unit mortality than no comorbidity. Intensive care unit mortality was raised for liver disease (odds ratio 2.98, 2.43–3.65), cirrhosis (odds ratio 2.61, 1.9–3.61), haematological malignancy (odds ratio 2.29, 1.85–2.83), chronic ischaemic heart disease (odds ratio 1.53, 1.19–1.98), heart failure (odds ratio 1.79, 1.35–2.39) and rheumatological disease (odds ratio 1.53, 1.18–1.98). Conclusions Comorbidities affect two-fifths of intensive care unit admission and have highly variable effects on subsequent outcomes. Information on the differential effects of comorbidities will be helpful in making better decisions about intensive care unit support and understanding outcomes beyond surviving intensive care unit.

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