scholarly journals Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Parasite Infection in a Developing Nation Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Morgan ◽  
Matthew Benshoff ◽  
Mercedes Cáceres ◽  
Sylvia Becker-Dreps ◽  
Loreto Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Post Infectious

Postinfectious IBS is defined in the industrialized world as IBS onset following a sentinel gastrointestinal infection. In developing nations, where repeated bacterial and parasitic gastrointestinal infections are common, the IBS pathophysiology may be altered. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between intestinal parasite infection and IBS in the “nonsterile” developing world environment. IBS subjects were identified from a population-based sample of 1624 participants using the Rome II Modular Questionnaire. Stool samples from cases and randomly selected controls were examined for ova and parasites. Logistic regression models explored the relationship between IBS and parasite infection. The overall IBS prevalence among participants was 13.2% (9.3% males, 15.9% females). There was no difference in parasite carriage between IBS cases and controls, 16.6% versus 15.4% (P=0.78), nor among IBS subtypes. The pathophysiology of post-infectious IBS may be altered in the developing world as compared to industrialized nations and warrants investigation.

scholarly journals Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Mono-Saccharides and Polyols (FODMAPs) Consumption and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the French NutriNet-Santé Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4513
Author(s):  
Elodie Schneider ◽  
Jean-Marc Sabaté ◽  
Michel Bouchoucha ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Composition Table

(1) Background: Specific foods, and more particularly, fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are often considered as triggers of digestive symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to study FODMAP consumption in controls and IBS participants in a large French population-based cohort; (2) Methods: Participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study completed the Rome IV and IBS-SSS questionnaire in a cross sectional study. Among them, 27,949 eligible participants had previously completed three 24-h recalls as well as anthropometrics, socio-demographical and lifestyle data. Total FODMAP intake (in g/day) was computed using a specific composition table. The association between FODMAPs and IBS was estimated through multivariable logistic regression models; (3) Results: Included participants were mainly women (75.4%) and the mean age was 43.4 ± 14.1 years. FODMAPs accounted for a mean daily intake of 19.4 ± 9.5 g/day. Overall 1295 participants (4.6%) were identified with an IBS. After adjusting for confounding factors, IBS participants had lower intakes in FODMAPs than non-IBS ones (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.95, p-value: 0.001). IBS severity was associated with more frequent low FODMAP intakes (<9 g/day); (4) Conclusions: Participants tended to consume 19 g of FODMAPs per day, but slightly less for IBS participants than for controls. In IBS participants, higher severity was associated with lower intakes.

scholarly journals Comorbidity and survival after admission to the intensive care unit: A population-based study of 41,230 patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 175114372091422
Author(s):  
Alasdair Simpson ◽  
Kathryn Puxty ◽  
Philip McLoone ◽  
Tara Quasim ◽  
Billy Sloan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Rheumatological Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose To describe the relationship between comorbidities and survival following admission to the intensive care unit. Methods Retrospective observational study using several linked routinely collected databases from 16 general intensive care units between 2002 and 2011. Comorbidities identified from hospitalisation in the five years prior to intensive care unit admission. Odds ratios for survival in intensive care unit, hospital and at 30 days, 180 days and 12 months after intensive care unit admission derived from multiple logistic regression models. Results There were 41,230 admissions to intensive care units between 2002 and 2011. Forty-one percent had at least one comorbidity – 24% had one, 17% had more than one. Patients with comorbidities were significantly older, had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and were more likely to have received elective rather than emergency surgery compared with those without comorbidities. After excluding elective hospitalisations, intensive care unit and hospital mortality for the cohort were 24% and 29%, respectively. Asthma (odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.99) and solid tumours (odds ratio 0.74, 0.67–0.83) were associated with lower odds of intensive care unit mortality than no comorbidity. Intensive care unit mortality was raised for liver disease (odds ratio 2.98, 2.43–3.65), cirrhosis (odds ratio 2.61, 1.9–3.61), haematological malignancy (odds ratio 2.29, 1.85–2.83), chronic ischaemic heart disease (odds ratio 1.53, 1.19–1.98), heart failure (odds ratio 1.79, 1.35–2.39) and rheumatological disease (odds ratio 1.53, 1.18–1.98). Conclusions Comorbidities affect two-fifths of intensive care unit admission and have highly variable effects on subsequent outcomes. Information on the differential effects of comorbidities will be helpful in making better decisions about intensive care unit support and understanding outcomes beyond surviving intensive care unit.

scholarly journals The Educational Gradient in Intake of Energy and Macronutrients in the General Adult and Elderly Population: The Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Linn Nilsen ◽  
Laila A. Hopstock ◽  
Guri Skeie ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Marie W. Lundblad
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations ◽  
Recommended Level

Worldwide, there are socioeconomic inequalities in health and diet. We studied the relationship between education and nutrient intake in 11,302 women and men aged 40–96 years who participated in the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016), Norway (attendance 65%). Diet was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between education and intake of total energy and macronutrients by sex using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, leisure time physical activity and smoking. The intake of macronutrients was compared with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. There was a positive association between education and intake of fiber and alcohol, and a negative association between education and intake of total carbohydrates and added sugar in both women and men. Participants with long tertiary education had higher odds of being compliant with the recommended intake of fiber and protein and the maximum recommended level for added sugar and had lower odds of being compliant with the recommended intake of total carbohydrates and the maximum recommended level for alcohol, compared to participants with primary education. Overall, we found that participants with higher education were more compliant with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012.

scholarly journals Hypertension, BMI, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Wenjing Qiao ◽  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Bo Kan ◽  
Ann M. Vuong ◽  
Shanshan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Diabetic Status ◽  
Effect Measure ◽  
Effect Measure Modification ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Height Data

Abstract Hypertension is associated with body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs). Whether hypertension modifies the relationship between BMI and CCDs is still unclear. We examined the association between BMI and CCDs and tested whether effect measure modification was present by hypertension. We identified a population-based sample of 3,942 participants in Shuncheng, Fushun, Liaoning, China. Hypertension was defined as any past use of antihypertensive medication or having a measured systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg. BMI was calculated from measured body weight and body height. Data on diagnosed CCDs were self-reported and validated in the medical records. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between BMI and CCDs. Higher BMI was associated with increased odds of having CCDs (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07–1.31). This association was significantly modified by hypertension (P for interaction <0.001), with positive associations observed among hypertensive individuals (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14–1.42). Age, sex, and diabetic status did not modify the relationship between BMI and CCDs (all P for interaction >0.10). Although higher BMI was associated with increased odds of CCDs, the relationship was mainly limited to hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Cerebral microbleeds

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. e253-e262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Graff-Radford ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
Alejandro A. Rabinstein ◽  
Jeffrey L. Gunter ◽  
Scott A. Przybelski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Amyloid Burden ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and determine the association between CMBs and β-amyloid burden on PET.MethodsFrom the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, 1,215 participants (53% male) underwent 3-tesla MRI scans with T2* gradient recalled echo sequences from October 2011 to February 2017. A total of 1,123 participants (92%) underwent 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET scans. The prevalence of CMBs was derived by adjusting for nonparticipation and standardizing to the Olmsted County, MN, population. The relationship between β-amyloid burden and CMB presence and location was tested using logistic regression models. Ordinal logistic models tested the relationship between CMB frequency and β-amyloid burden.ResultsTwo hundred seventy-four participants (22.6%) had at least one CMB. CMB frequency increased with age by decade (11% aged 60–69 years, 22% 70–79 years, and 39% 80 years and older). After adjusting for age, sex, and hypertension, PiB standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was associated with increased odds of a CMB. The association between PiB SUVR and CMBs was location-specific; PiB SUVR was associated with lobar CMBs but not deep CMBs. Age, hypertension, and PiB SUVR were associated with increasing CMB count. CMB density was greatest in parietal and occipital regions; β-amyloid burden correlated with concentration of CMBs in all lobar regions. Among participants with multiple CMBs, greater PiB uptake occurred in the pre- and postcentral gyri superiorly, the superior parietal lobe and precuneus, the angular gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and temporal poles.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CMBs increases with age. In this population-based sample, β-amyloid load was associated with lobar but not with deep CMBs.

scholarly journals Novel Serum and Urinary Metabolites Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Three Asian Cohorts

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Debra Q. Y. Quek ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Rehena Sultana ◽  
Riswana Banu ◽  
Miao Li Chee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retinal Photographs

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, but understanding of its pathophysiology remains incomplete. Meta-analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies (2004–11) representing three major Asian ethnic groups (aged 40–80 years: Chinese, 592; Malays, 1052; Indians, 1320) was performed. A panel of 228 serum/plasma metabolites and 54 urinary metabolites were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Main outcomes were defined as any DR, moderate/above DR, and vision-threatening DR assessed from retinal photographs. The relationship between metabolites and DR outcomes was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models, and metabolites significant after Bonferroni correction were meta-analyzed. Among serum/plasma metabolites, lower levels of tyrosine and cholesterol esters to total lipids ratio in IDL and higher levels of creatinine were positively associated with all three outcomes of DR (all p < 0.005). Among urinary metabolites, lower levels of citrate, ethanolamine, formate, and hypoxanthine were positively associated with all three DR outcomes (all p < 0.005). Higher levels of serum/plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate and lower levels of urinary 3-hydroxyisobutyrate were associated with VTDR. Comprehensive metabolic profiling in three large Asian cohorts with DR demonstrated alterations in serum/plasma and urinary metabolites mostly related to amino acids, lipoprotein subclasses, kidney function, and glycolysis.

scholarly journals Family Matters: High School Graduation and Sibling Influence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wall-Wieler ◽  
Leslie Leon Roos
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Large Families ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Older Siblings ◽  
Older Sibling

IntroductionEducational attainment is known to be related to family size, birth order, and the educational achievement of an older sibling. ObjectiveThis study examines younger siblings in large families, exploring the extent to which each older sibling’s educational attainment is associated with attainment of the younger sibling. MethodsLinkable administrative data were used to create a population-based cohort of third children in three child families born in Manitoba, Canada between April 1, 1984 and March 31, 1994, who stayed in the province until at least age 20 (n = 5,771). Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between the youngest siblings’ educational achievement and that of their older two siblings, adjusting for a series of confounders. ResultsYoungest siblings have the greatest odds of graduating from high school if both older siblings graduated. Females also had greater odds of graduating if only one of those older siblings had graduated; this did not increase the odds for males. Associations in educational attainment were stronger when siblings were born close together. For siblings born further apart, these associations were stronger if those siblings were of the same sex as the youngest sibling. ConclusionsIn large families, the educational attainment of each older sibling is associated with the educational attainment of the younger sibling; associations differ depending on the birth order and sex of the older siblings. Families in which older siblings do not graduate from high school may be experiencing numerous challenges. Children with older siblings who fail to graduate may benefit from additional supports to increase their likelihood of graduation.

scholarly journals Coexistence of Calcification, Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Lipid Core within the Asymptomatic Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque: The Rotterdam Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirijn J.A. van den Bouwhuijsen ◽  
Daniel Bos ◽  
M. Arfan Ikram ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Gabriel P. Krestin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intraplaque Hemorrhage ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Lipid Core ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Relationship

Background: There is a growing amount of evidence suggesting that the composition of carotid atherosclerotic plaques may be of clinical relevance. Yet, little is known on the coexistence of potentially vulnerable and stabilizing components within asymptomatic plaques. Therefore, in this study we set out to investigate the coexistence of intraplaque calcification, hemorrhage and lipid core within the carotid artery using a multi-modality imaging approach. Methods: In 329 subjects from the population-based Rotterdam Study, all with ultrasound-confirmed carotid wall thickening, we performed a multi-detector CT and a high-resolution MRI of the carotid artery bifurcation at both sides. On the CT examinations, we quantified the volume of intraplaque calcification, and using the MRI examinations we rated the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage and of lipid core. In total, we investigated 611 carotid arteries with plaques. With logistic regression models we investigated the relationship of calcification volume - as a potential stabilizing component - with the presence of potential vulnerable components (intraplaque hemorrhage and lipid core) within each carotid plaque. We adjusted all analyses for age, sex and maximal plaque thickness. Next, we stratified on degree of stenosis (≤ or >30%) to evaluate effect modification by atherosclerotic burden. Results: We found that a larger calcification volume was associated with a higher prevalence of intraplaque hemorrhage, and a lower prevalence of lipid core (fully-adjusted odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in calcification volume: 2.04 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.49; 2.78) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.58; 0.90), respectively). Stratification on the degree of stenosis showed no difference in the association between calcification volume and hemorrhage over strata, while the relationship between a larger calcification volume and a lower prevalence of lipid seemed more pronounced in persons with a high degree of stenosis. Conclusions: In this population-based setting, we found that there is a complex relationship between calcification, intraplaque hemorrhage and lipid core within the carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Plaques with a higher load of calcification contain more often hemorrhagic components, but less often lipid core. Our results suggest that both in small and large plaques, intraplaque calcification may not be a stabilizing factor per se. These findings create an urge for conducting prospective studies investigating the interrelation of these different plaque components with regard to future cerebrovascular events.

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