scholarly journals Whey Versus Casein as a Protein Source during the Weaning Period: Impact on Growth and Later Adiposity and Glucose Homeostasis in a Rat Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3399
Author(s):  
Yasaman Shahkhalili ◽  
Florence Blancher-Budin ◽  
Cathriona Monnard ◽  
Julie Moulin ◽  
José Sanchez-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact

The impact of early life protein source (whey vs. casein) on short- and long-term glucose homeostasis and adiposity is unknown and was investigated in this study. At the end of the suckling period, non-IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) and IUGR pups were separated from dams and were randomized into four groups. From age 21–49 days, non-IUGR and IUGR pups were fed ad-libitum chow or a semi-synthetic diet (20% from protein; casein or whey) and from age 50–199 days, all groups were fed ad-libitum chow. Food intake, body composition, glucose, and insulin homeostasis were assessed. Among the chow groups, IUGR had slower growth and higher fasting glucose at age 42 days, as well as higher fasting and AUC glucose at age 192 days relative to non-IUGR. The whey IUGR group had a slower growth rate and higher fasting glycemia in early life (age 21–49 days) and higher HOMA-IR later in life (age 120–122 and 190–192 days) relative to casein IUGR. This study shows the potential advantage of casein relative to whey during weaning on short term energy intake, growth, and glucose homeostasis in an IUGR model and reveals, for the first time, its long term impact on insulin sensitivity, which may have implications for later metabolic health, particularly in small-for-gestational-age populations at risk of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals 152 Impact of chorionic somatomammotropin RNA interference on uterine blood flow and placental glucose uptake in the absence of intrauterine growth restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Amelia R Tanner ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Quinton A Winger ◽  
Paul J Rozance ◽  
Russell V Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Exact Function ◽  
Chorionic Somatomammotropin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) is one of the most abundant hormones produced by the sheep placenta, yet the exact function of CSH has been elusive. Previously we reported the use of in vivo RNA interference (RNAi) to assess the impact of CSH deficiency on placental and fetal growth in sheep. Near-term (135 dGA), there are two distinct CSH RNAi phenotypes: 1) pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and 2) pregnancies with normal fetal and placental weights. This study describes physiological changes in the latter phenotype. To generate the CSH RNAi pregnancies, the trophectoderm of hatched blastocysts (9 dGA) were infected with lentiviral-constructs expressing either a scrambled control (NTS) or CSH-specific shRNA (CSH RNAi), prior to transfer into synchronized recipient ewes. At 120 dGA, 6 NTS and 6 CSH RNAi pregnancies were fitted with maternal and fetal catheters. Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured utilizing the 3H2O transplacental diffusion technique at 132 dGA, and nutrient uptakes were calculated by the Fick principle. Resulting data were analyzed by Student’s t-test and significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. CSH RNAi tended (P ≤ 0.10) to reduce placentome weight with no effect on fetal weight. Absolute (ml/min) and relative (ml/min/kg fetus) uterine blood flows were reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in CSH RNAi pregnancies, but umbilical flows were not impacted. The uterine artery-to-vein glucose gradient (mmol/l) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased, whereas the gradients for taurine and glycine were reduced (P ≤ 0.05). Uteroplacental glucose uptake (mmol/min/kg placenta) was increased 27% (P ≤ 0.05), whereas umbilical glucose uptake (mmol/min/kg fetus) was reduced 13%. This cohort demonstrates that even in the absence of IUGR, CSH deficiency has significant physiological ramifications, and the investigation of CSH RNAi pregnancies exhibiting both IUGR and non-IUGR phenotypes may help determine the direct effects of CSH and its potential impact on fetal programming. Supported by NIH R01 HD093701.

scholarly journals The Long-term impact of intrauterine growth restriction in a diverse US cohort of children: The EPOCH study

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa L. Crume ◽  
Ann Scherzinger ◽  
Elizabeth Stamm ◽  
Robert McDuffie ◽  
Kimberly J. Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Long Term Impact

scholarly journals Consequences in Infants That Were Intrauterine Growth Restricted

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Cosmi ◽  
Tiziana Fanelli ◽  
Silvia Visentin ◽  
Daniele Trevisanuto ◽  
Vincenzo Zanardo
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Cardiovascular Abnormalities ◽  
Short And Long Term

Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition fetus does not reach its growth potential and associated with perinatal mobility and mortality. Intrauterine growth restriction is caused by placental insufficiency, which determines cardiovascular abnormalities in the fetus. This condition, moreover, should prompt intensive antenatal surveillance of the fetus as well as follow-up of infants that had intrauterine growth restriction as short and long-term sequele should be considered.

scholarly journals Association of Early Life Factors with Prematurity-Associated Lung Disease: Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 2101766
Author(s):  
Kylie Hart ◽  
Michael Cousins ◽  
W John Watkins ◽  
Sarah J Kotecha ◽  
A John Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Preterm Born

IntroductionAlthough bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with lung function deficits in childhood, many who develop BPD have normal lung function in childhood, and many without BPD including those born at 33–34 weeks’ gestation, have lung dysfunction in childhood. Since the predictability of BPD for future lung deficits is increasingly doubted, we prospectively recruited preterm-born children to identify early life factors which are associated with lung function deficits after preterm-birth.MethodsFrom 767 children aged 7–12 years, who had their respiratory symptoms assessed, and had spirometry before and after a bronchodilator in our Respiratory Health Outcomes in Neonates (RHiNO) study, 739 (544 preterm-born at ≤34 weeks’ gestation and 195 term-born) had satisfactory lung function. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and mediation.ResultsWhen preterm-born children were classified according to their lung function, low lung function (prematurity-associated lung disease, PLD) was associated with BPD, gestation and intrauterine growth restriction on univariable logistic regression analyses. However, on multivariable logistic regression analyses, gestation (Beta=−0.153, se: 0.051, p=0.003) and intrauterine growth restriction (odds ratio 1.783, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 3.00, p=0.029) remained significantly associated with later deficits of lung function but BPD (0.99; 0.52, 1.89, p=0.974) did not. Mediation analyses confirmed these results.ConclusionsAlthough traditionally BPD has been associated with low lung function in later life, these data show that gestation and IUGR are significantly associated with PLD in childhood but BPD is not. By identifying children with PLD, we can better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop optimal therapies.

Long-Term Metabolic Consequences of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Eun Joung ◽  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Jae Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals PERINATAL OUTCOMES AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vladimirovna Artymuk ◽  
Aleksey Gennadyevich Trishkin ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Bikmetova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Effects On Children

The article presents a review of sources concerning perinatal outcomes and long-term effects on children and adults born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Neonates with IUGR are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. The conditions of antenatal fetal life may program the range of unfavorable long-term effects in adulthood. This requires further study of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of IUGR.

Intrauterine growth restriction-induced deleterious adaptations in endothelial progenitor cells: possible mechanism to impair endothelial function

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oliveira ◽  
L. V. de Souza ◽  
T. Fernandes ◽  
S. D. S. Junior ◽  
M. H. C. de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can induce deleterious changes in the modulatory ability of the vascular endothelium, contributing to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in the long term. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Emerging evidence has suggested the potential role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vascular health and repair. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of IUGR on vascular reactivity and EPCs derived from the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM)in vitro. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed anad libitumdiet (control group) or 50% of thead libitumdiet (restricted group) throughout gestation. We determined vascular reactivity, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression by evaluating the thoracic aorta of adult male offspring from both groups (aged: 19–20 weeks). Moreover, the amount, functional capacity, and senescence of EPCs were assessedin vitro. Our results indicated that IUGR reduced vasodilation via acetylcholine in aorta rings, decreased NO levels, and increased eNOS phosphorylation at Thr495. The amount of EPCs was similar between both groups; however, IUGR decreased the functional capacity of EPCs from the PB and BM. Furthermore, the senescence process was accelerated in BM-derived EPCs from IUGR rats. In summary, our findings demonstrated the deleterious changes in EPCs from IUGR rats, such as reduced EPC function and accelerated senescencein vitro. These findings may contribute towards elucidating the possible mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction induced by fetal programming.

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