scholarly journals Restrained Eating and Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivore Dietary Intakes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brytek-Matera
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Perseverative Thinking ◽  
Omnivorous Diet

There are a significant number of studies on cognitive restraint among individuals with varying dietary patterns. Although most research has found that vegetarians report higher levels of cognitive restraint compared to non-vegetarians, many studies have contributed inconsistent results. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to assess any differences between groups with varying dietary patterns on cognitive restraint and other disordered eating pattern. The second objective was to examine determinants of cognitive restraint in individuals adhering to a vegan diet, a vegetarian diet and an omnivore diet. Two-hundred and fifty-four participants with varying dietary patterns completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and the Eating Habits Questionnaire. Our results indicated that both vegetarian and vegan groups showed a significantly lower cognitive restraint, lower emotional eating and lower uncontrolled eating than those who followed an omnivorous diet. In addition, these both groups following a plant-based diet have shown more cognitions, behaviours and feelings related to an extreme focus on healthy eating (orthorexia nervosa) than group following an omnivorous diet. There were no significant differences between the groups in perseverative thinking. Core characteristics of repetitive negative thinking was a significant predictor of cognitive restraint in vegans. Feeling positively about healthy eating predicted cognitive restraint among vegetarians. Problems associated with healthy eating and feeling positively about healthy eating predicted cognitive restraint among individuals following an omnivorous diet. Knowledge of predictors of cognitive restraint may serve as a psychological intervention goal or psychoeducation goal among individuals with varying dietary patterns.

Abstract P109: Plasma Metabolomic Signature Of Healthy Dietary Patterns In The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Cheryl A Anderson ◽  
Emily A Hu ◽  
Zihe Zheng ◽  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Disease Associations

Introduction: In individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), healthy dietary patterns are inversely associated with CKD progression. Metabolomics, an approach which measures many small molecules in biofluids, can identify biomarkers of healthy dietary patterns and elucidate metabolic pathways underlying diet-disease associations. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adherence to 4 healthy dietary patterns would be associated with a set of known metabolites in CKD patients. Methods: We examined associations between 634 plasma metabolites assessed using the Broad platform at year 1 and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), and their food components in 1,117 participants in the CRIC Study. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and year 2. We conducted multivariable linear regression models to study associations between diet scores and individual plasma metabolites, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical factors. Results: After Bonferroni correction, we identified a total of 362 diet-metabolite associations (HEI=78; AHEI=127; DASH=97; aMED=60), and 101 metabolites were associated with more than 1 dietary pattern. The most common metabolite categories were triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols. Most lipids were negatively associated with healthy dietary patterns, except for cholesterols esters and triacylglycerols with ≥7 double bonds. Triacylglycerols with high number of double bonds were positively associated with healthy fat intake (e.g., higher monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-3 fatty acid, fish) within HEI, AHEI, and aMED ( Table ). Conclusions: We identified many metabolites associated with healthy dietary patterns, indicative of food consumption. If replicated, they may be considered biomarkers of healthy dietary patterns in CKD patients.

scholarly journals Serum Metabolites Associated with Healthy Dietary Patterns in Middle-Aged US Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 535-535
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Emily Hu ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Lyn Steffen ◽  
Sara Seidelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Dash Diet

Abstract Objectives Healthy dietary patterns are recommended for health promotion. Metabolomics can be used to identify objective biomarkers of healthy dietary patterns, which has the potential to improve dietary assessment. We used metabolomics to identify serum metabolites associated with healthy dietary patterns and the components within these dietary patterns in middle-aged US adults. Methods We evaluated known metabolites associated with 4 dietary patterns [Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean diet (aMED)] and their components using untargeted metabolomics in two subsamples (N1 = 1864; N2 = 2091) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine associations between dietary patterns and individual serum metabolites in each sample, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and clinical factors. Results 21 out of 373 metabolites (HEI = 10; AHEI = 9; DASH = 15; aMED = 2) in sample 1 and 57 out of 758 metabolites (HEI = 32; AHEI = 22; DASH = 44; aMED = 22) in sample 2 were significantly associated with healthy dietary patterns after Bonferroni correction. More than half of the significant metabolites (n1 = 10; n2 = 35) were associated with more than one dietary pattern. The DASH diet had the highest number of unique metabolites (n1 = 7; n2 = 17), a majority of which were amino acids. Other diets had similar number of unique metabolites (range: 0–3), which were mostly lipids. Some of the unique metabolites were positively associated with components of every diet. For example, N-methylproline was associated with fruit and dairy intake in the DASH diet; docosahexaenoate (22:6n3) was associated with omega-3 fatty acid intake in AHEI, and 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphoethanolamine was associated with plant protein and saturated fat intake in HEI. Conclusions An untargeted metabolomics approach identified many metabolites associated with healthy dietary patterns. A considerable overlap of metabolites associated with HEI, AHEI, DASH, and aMED reflects the similar food components within healthy diets. Funding Sources NIDDK, NHLBI.

scholarly journals A stresszkezelés alkalmazási lehetőségei az elhízás kezelésében

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Czeglédi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cognitive Restraint

Overeating and physical inactivity are of great importance in the etiology of obesity. Psychological factors are often found in the background of life style. Chronic stress can contribute to physical inactivity and behaviors that hinder the keeping of a diet (e.g., irregular eating pattern, emotional eating). Results of randomized controlled trials show that relaxation can reduce emotional eating, improve cognitive restraint, and thereby reduce weight. However, stress management is more than relaxation. It consists of adaptive emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies and skills to improve relationships. Deflection skills may help in replacing emotional eating with other behaviors. Cognitive restructuring, saying no, and problem solving help to prevent or manage conflicts and difficulties otherwise would result in overeating due to distress. Developing stress management skills may result in greater compliance with the treatment. The techniques presented in the study can be easily applied by general practitioners or specialists, and provide tools for optimizing obesity treatment. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(7), 260–267.

scholarly journals Healthy eating patterns associated with acculturation, sex and BMI among Mexican Americans

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1267-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Reininger ◽  
MinJae Lee ◽  
Rose Jennings ◽  
Alexandra Evans ◽  
Michelle Vidoni
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
English Speaking

AbstractObjectiveExamine relationships of healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns with BMI, sex, age and acculturation among Mexican Americans.DesignCross-sectional. Participants completed culturally tailored Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Indices. Multivariable mixed-effect Poisson regression models compared food pattern index scores and dietary intake of specific foods by BMI, sex, age and acculturation defined by language preference and generational status.SettingParticipants recruited from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort study, Texas–Mexico border region, between 2008 and 2011.SubjectsMexican-American males and females aged 18–97 years (n 1250).ResultsParticipants were primarily female (55·3 %), overweight or obese (85·7 %), preferred Spanish language (68·0 %) and first-generation status (60·3 %). Among first-generation participants, bilingual participants were less likely to have a healthy eating pattern than preferred Spanish-speaking participants (rate ratio (RR)=0·79, P=0·0218). This association was also found in males (RR=0·81, P=0·0098). Preferred English-speaking females were less likely to consume healthy foods than preferred Spanish-speaking females (RR=0·84, P=0·0293). Among second-generation participants, preferred English-speaking participants were more likely to report a higher unhealthy eating pattern than preferred Spanish-speaking participants (RR=1·23, P=0·0114). Higher unhealthy eating patterns were also found in females who preferred English v. females who preferred Spanish (RR=1·23, P=0·0107) or were bilingual (RR=1·26, P=0·0159). Younger, male participants were more likely to have a higher unhealthy eating pattern. BMI and diabetes status were not significantly associated with healthy or unhealthy eating patterns.ConclusionsAcculturation, age, sex and education are associated with healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Nutrition interventions for Mexican Americans should tailor approaches by these characteristics.

Abstract 37: Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Results From Three Large Prospective Cohort Studies

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilei Shan ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Shilpa N Bhupathiraju ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Kathryn M Rexrode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Eating Pattern

Introduction: The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recommend three major healthy dietary patterns: the Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern, the Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, and the Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern, for all Americans with diverse cultural and personal food traditions. However, few studies have systematically examined the potential differences in associations of adherence to these recommended dietary patterns with long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that all three DGA-recommended dietary patterns were associated with lower risk of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Method: We evaluated data on 74 661 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), 90 864 women in NHS II, and 41 837 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), who had repeated dietary data and had no history of type 2 diabetes, CVD, or cancer at baseline. Using the food and nutrient components, we calculated the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (AMED), Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (HPDI), to measure adherence to the Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern, Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, and Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to assess the associations of healthy eating index with CVD risk. Results: We documented 9 262 incident CVD cases (6 628 CHD and 2 701 stroke) during 1 976 026 person years of follow-up in the NHS, 1 916 CVD cases (1 267 CHD and 660 stroke) during 2 173 162 person years of follow-up in NHS II, and 10 203 CVD cases (8 750 CHD and 1 775 stroke) during 873 053 person years of follow-up in HPFS. When comparing the highest to the lowest quintiles, the pooled HRs (95% CIs) of CVD were 0.80 (0.77 to 0.84) for HEI-2015, 0.83 (0.79 to 0.87) for AMED, and 0.85 (0.81 to 0.89) for HPDI (all P for trend <0.001). In addition, a 25-percentile increase in healthy eating scores was associated with 10% to 22% lower risk of CVD (pooled HR: HEI-2015, 0.78 [0.75 to 0.82]; AMED, 0.90 [0.88 to 0.92]; HPDI, 0.84 [0.81 to 0.88]). For CHD, the pooled HRs (95% CIs) per 20-percentile increase were 0.76 (0.73 to 0.80) for HEI-2015, 0.90 (0.87 to 0.92) for AMED, and 0.83 (0.79 to 0.87) for HPDI. For stroke, the pooled HRs (95% CIs) per 20-percentile increase were 0.86 (0.78 to 0.94) for HEI-2015, 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) for AMED, and 0.90 (0.83 to 0.98) for HPDI. The inverse associations between healthy eating index and CVD risk persisted in analyses stratified by potential risk factors. Conclusions: In three large prospective cohorts with up to 32 years of follow-up, higher adherence to various healthy eating patterns was associated with lower risk of CVD, CHD, and stroke. Our findings support the DGA recommendations for multiple healthy eating patterns.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Eating in Subjects with Prediabetes from the Mollerussa Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Mireia Falguera ◽  
Esmeralda Castelblanco ◽  
Marina Idalia Rojo-López ◽  
Maria Belén Vilanova ◽  
Jordi Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

We aimed to assess differences in dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating indexes) between participants with prediabetes and those with normal glucose tolerance. Secondarily, we analyzed factors related to prediabetes and dietary patterns. This was a cross-sectional study design. From a sample of 594 participants recruited in the Mollerussa study cohort, a total of 535 participants (216 with prediabetes and 319 with normal glucose tolerance) were included. The alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED) and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. There was no difference in the mean aMED and aHEI scores between groups (3.2 (1.8) in the normoglycemic group and 3.4 (1.8) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.164 for the aMED and 38.6 (7.3) in the normoglycemic group and 38.7 (6.7) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.877 for the aHEI, respectively). Nevertheless, women had a higher mean of aMED and aHEI scores in the prediabetes group (3.7 (1.9), p = 0.001 and 40.5 (6.9), p < 0.001, respectively); moreover, they had a higher mean of aHEI in the group with normoglycemia (39.8 (6.6); p = 0.001). No differences were observed in daily food intake between both study groups; consistent with this finding, we did not find major differences in nutrient intake between groups. In the multivariable analyses, the aMED and aHEI were not associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–1.87; p = 0.460 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83–2.10; p = 0.246, respectively); however, age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.27–3.22; p = 0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14; p < 0.001) were positively associated with prediabetes. Physical activity was associated with a lower frequency of prediabetes (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.72; p = 0.001). In conclusion, subjects with prediabetes did not show a different dietary pattern compared with a normal glucose tolerance group. However, further research is needed on this issue.

scholarly journals ADIPOQ gene is linked to emotional eating behaviour in young Nigerian adults independent of psychological traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awoyemi Abayomi Awofala ◽  
Olusegun Emmanuel Ogundele ◽  
Khalid Olajide Adekoya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Adipoq Gene ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Beta Coefficient ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Abstract Background A disturbance in eating behaviour (EB) is the hallmark of patients with eating disorders, and depicts a complex interaction of environmental, psychological and biological factors. In the present study, we propose a model of association of genetic susceptibility—represented by adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene—with eating behavioural and psychological traits. Results Evaluation of the distribution of a polymorphism of the ADIPOQ (rs1501299 G > T) with respect to three EB factors involving cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating revealed that T-allele in rs1501299 was associated with a decreased susceptibility to emotional EB in codominant (e.g., GG vs. TT) (beta-coefficient [β] = 2.39, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = − 4.02, − 0.76; p value [p] = 0.02), recessive (GG + GT vs. TT) (β = − 2.77, 95% CI = − 3.65, − 0.69; p = 0.005) and additive (GG = 0, GT = 1, TT = 2) (β = − 1.02, 95% CI = − 1.80, − 0.24; p = 0.01) models of inheritance. The presence of the T-allele was not significantly associated with psychological factors involving depression, anxiety and stress. Finally, none of the psychological traits significantly predicted any of the EB factors after controlling for age, body weight and gender. Conclusions Our data suggest that genetic variant in ADIPOQ locus may influence human emotional eating behaviour.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Restricted and Unrestricted Vegan Diet Plan with a Restricted Omnivorous Diet Plan on Health-Specific Measures

Healthcare ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bloomer ◽  
Trint Gunnels ◽  
JohnHenry Schriefer
Keyword(s):  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Diet Plan ◽  
Omnivorous Diet

scholarly journals A dairy and fruit dietary pattern is associated with a reduced likelihood of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1926-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangah Shin ◽  
Hyojee Joung
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Rice

The aim of the present study was to identify the association of dietary patterns with osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women from the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–10. The present cross-sectional analysis included 3735 postmenopausal women who completed a health interview, nutrition survey and a health examination including bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The general characteristics and dietary intakes of the participants were obtained using a standardised questionnaire and a 24 h recall method, respectively. The BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; osteoporosis was defined based on the WHO T-score criteria. Overall, we identified four dietary patterns using factor analysis as follows: ‘meat, alcohol and sugar’, ‘vegetables and soya sauce’, ‘white rice, kimchi and seaweed’ and ‘dairy and fruit’, which accounted for 30·9 % of the total variance in food intake (11·3, 7·7, 6·0 and 5·9 %, respectively). The subjects in the highest quintile of the ‘dairy and fruit’ pattern showed a decreased risk of osteoporosis of the lumbar spine (53 %) compared with those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for covariates (OR 0·47, 95 % CI 0·35, 0·65, P for trend < 0·0001). In contrast, the ‘white rice, kimchi and seaweed’ dietary pattern was negatively associated with bone health (OR 1·40, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·90, P for trend = 0·0479). The present results suggest that an increased intake of dairy foods and fruits in the traditional Korean diet, based on white rice and vegetables, may decrease the risk of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.

Health Implications of a Vegetarian Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Marsh ◽  
Carol Zeuschner ◽  
Angela Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

There is now a significant amount of research that demonstrates the health benefits of vegetarian and plant-based diets, which have been associated with a reduced risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and some types of cancer as well as increased longevity. Vegetarian diets are typically lower in fat, particularly saturated fat, and higher in dietary fiber. They are also likely to include more whole grains, legumes, nuts, and soy protein, and together with the absence of red meat, this type of eating plan may provide many benefits for the prevention and treatment of obesity and chronic health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although a well-planned vegetarian or vegan diet can meet all the nutritional needs of an individual, it may be necessary to pay particular attention to some nutrients to ensure an adequate intake, particularly if the person is on a vegan diet. This article will review the evidence for the health benefits of a vegetarian diet and also discuss strategies for meeting the nutritional needs of those following a vegetarian or plant-based eating pattern.

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