scholarly journals A stresszkezelés alkalmazási lehetőségei az elhízás kezelésében

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Czeglédi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cognitive Restraint

Overeating and physical inactivity are of great importance in the etiology of obesity. Psychological factors are often found in the background of life style. Chronic stress can contribute to physical inactivity and behaviors that hinder the keeping of a diet (e.g., irregular eating pattern, emotional eating). Results of randomized controlled trials show that relaxation can reduce emotional eating, improve cognitive restraint, and thereby reduce weight. However, stress management is more than relaxation. It consists of adaptive emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies and skills to improve relationships. Deflection skills may help in replacing emotional eating with other behaviors. Cognitive restructuring, saying no, and problem solving help to prevent or manage conflicts and difficulties otherwise would result in overeating due to distress. Developing stress management skills may result in greater compliance with the treatment. The techniques presented in the study can be easily applied by general practitioners or specialists, and provide tools for optimizing obesity treatment. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(7), 260–267.

Physical activity in Alzheimer's disease: research in its infancy or why we need more randomized controlled trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

With the global aging of our societies and predicted increase of cognitive impairment and dementia, it is no surprise that there is an increasing interest in the research community, but also among clinicians and the general population to learn more about how to focus on modifiable protective factors and how to avoid modifiable risk factors. A recent review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlighted the importance of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, depression, cognitive inactivity, and physical inactivity (Barnes and Yaffe, 2011). For physical inactivity, for example, the authors reported that up to one million cases of AD could be prevented globally if a physical inactivity could be reduced by 25%. However, we should not forget about the various stages of prevention, and especially in the field of psychogeriatrics should also ask what preventative measures might be effective for older adults who have already experienced cognitive impairment. So we could focus on a secondary prevention approach for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or on a tertiary preventative approach for patients with dementia. The number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of physical activity on cognition is limited for healthy participants and those with MCI, but is even more sparse for those with dementia. Even with the limited number of studies it often is difficult to compare RCTs due to the huge variation in inclusion and exclusion criteria, methodology, instruments used and outcomes, intervention and duration of interventions, and observations.

Effects of individualization and age on mHealth interventions to reduce physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Baumann ◽  
Janis Fiedler ◽  
Kathrin Wunsch ◽  
Bettina Wollesen ◽  
Alexander Woll
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Low Levels

BACKGROUND Children and adolescents increasingly do not meet physical activity (PA) recommendations. Hence, insufficient physical activity (IPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among children and adolescents are relevant behavior change domains for using individualized mobile health (mHealth) interventions. OBJECTIVE The current review and meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on IPA and SB with a special focus on age level of individualization. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 and March 2021. mHealth interventions for primary prevention in children and adolescents addressing behavior change regarding insufficient PA and SB were included. Included studies were compared for content characteristics as well as methodological quality and summarized narratively. In addition, a meta-analysis with a subsequent exploratory meta-regression examining the moderating effects of age and individualization on overall effectiveness was performed. RESULTS Based on inclusion criteria, 11 of the preliminary 825 identified studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 10 were included for the meta-analysis. Trials included a total of 1515 participants (Age (M, SD) = 11.69 ± 0.788; 65% male; 35% female) with self-reported (n = 4) or device-based measured (n = 7) health data on the duration of SB and physical inactivity (PIA) for an average of 9.3±5.6 weeks. Studies with high levels of individualization decreased insufficient PA levels significantly (d = 0.33; CI = 0.08, 0.58; z = 2.55; p = 0.01), whereas those with low levels of individualization (d = -0.06; CI = -0.32, 0.20; Z = 0.48; p = 0.63), or targeting SB (d = -0.11; CI = -0.01, 0.23; z = 1.73; p = 0.08) indicated no overall significant effect. Heterogeneity of the studies was moderate to low, and significant subgroup differences between trials with high and low levels of individualization (χ2 = 4.04; df = 1; p = 0.04; I² = 75,2%) were found. Age as a moderator variable showed a small effect, but the results were not significant which might have been due to being underpowered. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that mHealth interventions for children and adolescents can foster moderate reductions in PIA but not SB. Moreover, individualized mHealth interventions to reduce PIA seem more effective for adolescents than for children. Although to date only few mHealth studies address inactive and sedentary young people and their quality of evidence is moderate, these findings indicate the relevance of individualization on the one hand and the difficulties in reducing SB using mHealth interventions on the other hand. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020209417; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=209417

scholarly journals Restrained Eating and Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivore Dietary Intakes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brytek-Matera
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Perseverative Thinking ◽  
Omnivorous Diet

There are a significant number of studies on cognitive restraint among individuals with varying dietary patterns. Although most research has found that vegetarians report higher levels of cognitive restraint compared to non-vegetarians, many studies have contributed inconsistent results. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to assess any differences between groups with varying dietary patterns on cognitive restraint and other disordered eating pattern. The second objective was to examine determinants of cognitive restraint in individuals adhering to a vegan diet, a vegetarian diet and an omnivore diet. Two-hundred and fifty-four participants with varying dietary patterns completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire and the Eating Habits Questionnaire. Our results indicated that both vegetarian and vegan groups showed a significantly lower cognitive restraint, lower emotional eating and lower uncontrolled eating than those who followed an omnivorous diet. In addition, these both groups following a plant-based diet have shown more cognitions, behaviours and feelings related to an extreme focus on healthy eating (orthorexia nervosa) than group following an omnivorous diet. There were no significant differences between the groups in perseverative thinking. Core characteristics of repetitive negative thinking was a significant predictor of cognitive restraint in vegans. Feeling positively about healthy eating predicted cognitive restraint among vegetarians. Problems associated with healthy eating and feeling positively about healthy eating predicted cognitive restraint among individuals following an omnivorous diet. Knowledge of predictors of cognitive restraint may serve as a psychological intervention goal or psychoeducation goal among individuals with varying dietary patterns.

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