scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Eating in Subjects with Prediabetes from the Mollerussa Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Mireia Falguera ◽  
Esmeralda Castelblanco ◽  
Marina Idalia Rojo-López ◽  
Maria Belén Vilanova ◽  
Jordi Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

We aimed to assess differences in dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating indexes) between participants with prediabetes and those with normal glucose tolerance. Secondarily, we analyzed factors related to prediabetes and dietary patterns. This was a cross-sectional study design. From a sample of 594 participants recruited in the Mollerussa study cohort, a total of 535 participants (216 with prediabetes and 319 with normal glucose tolerance) were included. The alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED) and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. There was no difference in the mean aMED and aHEI scores between groups (3.2 (1.8) in the normoglycemic group and 3.4 (1.8) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.164 for the aMED and 38.6 (7.3) in the normoglycemic group and 38.7 (6.7) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.877 for the aHEI, respectively). Nevertheless, women had a higher mean of aMED and aHEI scores in the prediabetes group (3.7 (1.9), p = 0.001 and 40.5 (6.9), p < 0.001, respectively); moreover, they had a higher mean of aHEI in the group with normoglycemia (39.8 (6.6); p = 0.001). No differences were observed in daily food intake between both study groups; consistent with this finding, we did not find major differences in nutrient intake between groups. In the multivariable analyses, the aMED and aHEI were not associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–1.87; p = 0.460 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83–2.10; p = 0.246, respectively); however, age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.27–3.22; p = 0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14; p < 0.001) were positively associated with prediabetes. Physical activity was associated with a lower frequency of prediabetes (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.72; p = 0.001). In conclusion, subjects with prediabetes did not show a different dietary pattern compared with a normal glucose tolerance group. However, further research is needed on this issue.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and diet in patients with different glucose tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilit Egshatyan ◽  
Daria Kashtanova ◽  
Anna Popenko ◽  
Olga Tkacheva ◽  
Alexander Tyakht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Structural Modulation ◽  
Serious Disease

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a serious disease. The gut microbiota (GM) has recently been identified as a new potential risk factor in addition to well-known diabetes risk factors. To investigate the GM composition in association with the dietary patterns in patients with different glucose tolerance, we analyzed 92 patients: with normal glucose tolerance (n=48), prediabetes (preD, n=24), and T2D (n=20). Metagenomic analysis was performed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The diet has been studied by a frequency method with a quantitative evaluation of food intake using a computer program. Microbiota in the samples was predominantly represented by Firmicutes, in a less degree by Bacteroidetes. Blautia was a dominant genus in all samples. The representation of Blautia, Serratia was lower in preD than in T2D patients, and even lower in those with normal glucose tolerance. After the clustering of the samples into groups according to the percentage of protein, fat, carbohydrates in the diet, the representation of the Bacteroides turned to be lower and Prevotella abundance turned to be higher in carbohydrate cluster. There were more patients with insulin resistance, T2D in the fat–protein cluster. Using the Calinski–Harabasz index identified the samples with more similar diets. It was discovered that half of the patients with a high-fat diet had normal tolerance, the others had T2D. The regression analysis showed that these T2D patients also had a higher representation of Blautia. Our study provides the further evidence concerning the structural modulation of the GM in the T2DM pathogenesis depending on the dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese subjects: associations with glucose abnormalities and changes after oral glucose

2009 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Hofsø ◽  
Thor Ueland ◽  
Helle Hager ◽  
Trond Jenssen ◽  
Jens Bollerslev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose

ObjectiveTo explore inflammatory mediators in morbidly obese (MO) subjects with various categories of glucose tolerance and to study the changes in these mediators after an oral glucose load.DesignCross-sectional and experimental study.MethodsA total of 144 MO subjects were classified into three categories: normal glucose tolerance (NGT); pre-diabetes; and new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) were included, as were 27 normal weight normoglycemic controls. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), visfatin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsFasting levels of leptin and IL-1Ra were consistently higher in obese persons (P<0.001 and P<0.05). MO subjects with NGT had higher CRP levels (P<0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (P<0.05) compared to controls. Yet when compared with MO subjects with NODM, those with NGT had lower CRP levels and higher adiponectin levels (both P<0.05). Baseline OPG and visfatin levels did not differ between the groups (P=0.326 and P=0.198). During OGTT, OPG levels decreased (P<0.001) and visfatin levels increased transiently (P=0.018). The response in OPG and visfatin did not differ between the groups (P=0.690 and P=0.170). There were minor changes in adiponectin and leptin levels.ConclusionsMorbid obesity and glucose intolerance were associated with lower adiponectin levels and higher CRP levels, thus supporting a relationship between obesity, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Oral glucose suppressed OPG levels and transiently enhanced visfatin levels independent of obesity and glucose tolerance status, indicating that glucose may be involved in the acute regulation of these proteins.

scholarly journals Association between dietary patterns and prediabetes, undetected diabetes or clinically diagnosed diabetes: results from the KORA FF4 study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Pestoni ◽  
Anna Riedl ◽  
Taylor A. Breuninger ◽  
Nina Wawro ◽  
Jean-Philippe Krieger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Status

Abstract Purpose Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Here, we aim to identify dietary patterns and to investigate their association with prediabetes, undetected diabetes and prevalent diabetes. Methods The present study included 1305 participants of the cross-sectional population-based KORA FF4 study. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measurements together with a physician-confirmed diagnosis allowed for an accurate categorization of the participants according to their glucose tolerance status into normal glucose tolerance (n = 698), prediabetes (n = 459), undetected diabetes (n = 49), and prevalent diabetes (n = 99). Dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis followed by hierarchical clustering. The association between dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status was investigated using multinomial logistic regression models. Results A Prudent pattern, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, wholegrains and dairy products, and a Western pattern, characterized by high consumption of red and processed meat, alcoholic beverages, refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages, were identified. Participants following the Western pattern had significantly higher chances of having prediabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35, 2.73), undetected diabetes (OR 10.12; 95% CI 4.19, 24.43) or prevalent diabetes (OR 3.51; 95% CI 1.85, 6.67), compared to participants following the Prudent pattern. Conclusion To our knowledge, the present study is one of the few investigating the association between dietary patterns and prediabetes or undetected diabetes. The use of a reference group exclusively including participants with normal glucose tolerance might explain the strong associations observed in our study. These results suggest a very important role of dietary habits in the prevention of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of a Priori-Defined Dietary Patterns with Anthropometric Measurements: A Cross-Sectional Study in Mexican Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sahrai ◽  
Inge Huybrechts ◽  
Carine Biessy ◽  
Marc Gunter ◽  
Isabelle Romieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cáncer De Mama ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate associations between a priori defined dietary patterns and anthropometric measures in Mexican women. A total of 1062 women aged 35 to 69 years old from the control participants of the CAMA (Cancer de Mama) study, a multi-center population-based case-control study on breast cancer conducted in Mexico, were interviewed and dietary intakes were assessed using questionnaires. The following indices were derived from these data: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), the Diet Quality Index (DQI), glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). Adjusting for age, center, educational level, physical activity and energy intake, a high GI was positively associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Higher adherence to aMED was associated with lower WC and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) but no significant association was observed with other a priori dietary patterns. In this population of Mexican women, higher adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with lower WC but other a priori dietary scores appeared to be of limited value in exploring the association between diet and anthropometric measures.

Is bisphenol A exposure associated with the development of glucose intolerance and increased insulin resistance in Thais?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
La-or Chailurkit ◽  
Pechngam Tengpraettanakorn ◽  
Suwannee Chanprasertyotin ◽  
Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose

Bisphenol A (BPA), the monomeric component of polycarbonate plastics, reportedly possesses endocrine-disrupting effects. Exposure to low levels of BPA during more vulnerable periods leads to abnormalities related to sexual development in experimental animals. Moreover, recently a few epidemiological studies in Caucasians have demonstrated the association of BPA exposure with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in the present study we examined the association of BPA exposure and abnormal glucose tolerance in Thais. This is a cross-sectional study of 240 participants aged at least 50 years, randomly selected by computer-generated random numbers within each glucose tolerance status from an oral glucose tolerance study of 661 participants. There were 80 participants in each group of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Serum BPA was measured by competitive ELISA. The detection rate of BPA was significantly higher in participants with IGT compared to those with NGT ( p < 0.05), while no difference was found between participants with type 2 diabetes and NGT. When participants with type 2 diabetes were stratified into those with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) under the diabetic threshold (<126 mg/dL) and those over (≥126 mg/dL), it was found that those with FPG under the diabetic threshold had measurable rates of BPA comparable to those with IGT, and rates significantly higher than the NGT group ( p < 0.05), while those with FPG over the diabetic threshold did not have higher rates of measurable BPA compared with the NGT group. In conclusion, BPA exposure is not uncommon in Thais. There is an association between BPA exposure and IGT, but not type 2 diabetes.

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