scholarly journals The Relationship between Protein Intake and Source on Factors Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2031
Author(s):  
Neda S. Akhavan ◽  
Shirin Pourafshar ◽  
Sarah A. Johnson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Foley ◽  
Kelli S. George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Protein Consumption

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality largely due to increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study examined the relationships among protein consumption and sources on glycemic control and cardiovascular health in individuals with prediabetes and T2D. Sixty-two overweight or obese participants with prediabetes or T2D, aged 45–75 years were stratified into the following three groups based on protein intake: <0.8 g (gram)/kg (kilogram) body weight (bw), ≥0.8 but <1.0 g/kg bw, and ≥1.0 g/kg bw as below, meeting, and above the recommended levels of protein intake, respectively. Body mass, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), lean mass, and fat mass (FM) were significantly higher in participants who consumed below the recommended level of protein intake as compared with other groups. Higher animal protein intake was associated with greater insulin secretion and lower triglycerides (TG). Total, low-density, and high-density cholesterol were significantly higher in participants who met the recommended protein intake as compared with the other groups. These data suggest that high protein consumption is associated with lower BMI, HC, WC, and FM, and can improve insulin resistance without affecting lipid profiles in this population. Furthermore, higher intake of animal protein can improve β-cell function and lower plasma TG.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Intake Associations with Insulin Resistance, BMI, Body Composition and Other Metabolic Markers in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (P08-020-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Akhavan ◽  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Shirin Pourafshar ◽  
Elizabeth Foley ◽  
Kelli George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives The incidence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase and many individuals are not aware of having early stages of the disease until symptoms develop. Much focus has been on carbohydrate consumption for this population, with no established recommendations for protein intake and source. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between protein intake (amount and source) on glycemic control, and indices of cardiovascular health in individuals with prediabetes and T2DM. Methods Sixty-two overweight and obese men and women with prediabetes or T2DM, between the ages of 45–75 years participated in this study. Participants were stratified based on their protein intake: below (<0.8 g/kg body weight (bw); n = 17), meeting (0.8–1.0 g/kg bw; n = 22), and above (≥1.0 g/kg bw; n = 23) recommended levels. Measurements included blood biomarkers (lipid panel and glycemic control), anthropometric parameters, food records, and body composition, which were assessed for each group using one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient for overall associations. Significance was accepted at (P ≤ 0.05). Results Body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly higher in participants who consumed below recommended levels compared to above (35.1 ± 1.3 vs. 28.3 ± 0.9 kg/m2; 118.7 ± 3.2 vs. 105.2 ± 1.8 cm; 109.1 ± 2. vs. 96.8 ± 2.5 cm, respectively). Fat-to-lean mass (FM/LM) ratio was significantly lower in participants who consumed above recommended when compared to below and recommended levels (0.63 ± 0.03; 0.81 ± 0.04; 0.78 ± 0.07). Insulin resistance tended to be lower (3.53 ± 0.55 vs 5.19 ± 0.94; P = 0.09) in the above recommended group compared to below. Higher animal-to-plant protein ratios were significantly associated with higher insulin secretion (r = 0.259). Higher animal protein was associated with significantly lower triglyceride concentrations (r = 0.263). Conclusions These findings suggest that consumption of ≥1.0 g/kg bw protein was associated with lowered insulin resistance, in addition to lower BMI, HC, WC, and FM, without adverse effects on lipid profiles in this population. Additionally, increased animal protein may be associated with better outcomes for this population. Funding Sources There are no funding sources to disclose for this study.

scholarly journals The effects of metformin plus sulfonylurea therapy on clinical features of the metabolic syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Koprivica ◽  
Teodora Beljic-Zivkovic ◽  
Tatjana Ille
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Combined Therapy

Introduction. Insulin resistance is a well-known leading factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic effects of metformin added to sulfonylurea in unsuccessfully treated type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. A group of thirty subjects, with type 2 diabetes, secondary sulfonylurea failure and metabolic syndrome were administered the combined therapy of sulfonylurea plus metformin for six months. Metformin 2000 mg/d was added to previously used sulfonylurea agent in maximum daily dose. Antihypertensive and hypolipemic therapy was not changed. The following parameters were assessed at the beginning and after six months of therapy: glycemic control, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions, homeostatic models for evaluation of insulin resistance and secretion (HOMA R, HOMA B) and C- peptide. Results. Glycemic control was significantly improved after six months of the combined therapy: (fasting 7.89 vs. 10.61 mmol/l. p<0.01; postprandial 11.12 vs. 12.61 mmol/l. p<0.01, p<0.01; glycosylated hemoglobin 6.81 vs. 8.83%. p<0.01). the body mass index and waist circumference were significantly lower (26.7 vs. 27.8 kg/m2, p<0.01 and 99.7 vs. 101.4 cm for men, p<0.01; 87.2 vs. 88.5 for women, p<0.01). Fasting plasma triglycerides decreased from 3.37 to 2.45 mmol/l (p<0.001) and HOMA R from 7.04 to 5.23 (p<0.001). No treatment effects were observed on blood pressure, cholesterol, and residual insulin secretion. Conclusion. Administration of metformin in type 2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome decreased cardiovascular risk factors by reducing glycemia, triglycerides, BMI, central obesity and insulin resistance.

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