scholarly journals Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Duy Nguyen ◽  
Frida Fåk Hållenius ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Margareta Nyman ◽  
Olena Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Junction Proteins

Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/- rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (1%), for 5 weeks. One group of conventional rats (C) was also fed the pure high-fat diet and another group of ApoE-/- rats a low-fat (LF) diet. Blood and liver lipids, urinary lactulose/mannitol, SCFAs (blood and brain), tight junction proteins (small intestine and brain), and inflammation-related markers (blood, brain, and liver) were analyzed. MV supplementation elevated serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and valeric acid concentration (p < 0.05), while the amounts of isovaleric acid in the brain were reduced (p < 0.05). MB increased butyric acid amounts in the brain, while the plasma concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was lowered (p < 0.05). Both MV and MB upregulated the expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the brain (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MB or MV affected HDL cholesterol, the expression of tight junction proteins, and SCFA profiles. MB and MV may therefore be promising supplements to attenuate lipid metabolic disorders caused by high-fat intake and genetic deficiency.

Barley malt increases hindgut and portal butyric acid, modulates gene expression of gut tight junction proteins and Toll-like receptors in rats fed high-fat diets, but high advanced glycation end-products partially attenuate the effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3165-3176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadong Zhong ◽  
Cristina Teixeira ◽  
Nittaya Marungruang ◽  
Watina Sae-Lim ◽  
Eden Tareke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
End Products ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Junction Proteins

Barley malt has been shown to give high levels of butyric acid in the cecum and serum of rats.

scholarly journals Black, pinto and white beans lower hepatic lipids in hamsters fed high fat diets by excretion of bile acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila L. S. Alves ◽  
Jose De J Berrios ◽  
James Pan ◽  
Wallace H. Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of extruded black, pinto and white beans were examined in male Syrian hamsters fed high fat diets for 3 weeks. The efficiency and effectiveness of extruder processing to eliminate heat-labile antinutrients were also determined. Hamsters fed a high fat diet containing 40% extruded black beans gained the same amount of weight as animals on a low-fat chow diet (based on AIN-93G). Total plasma cholesterol of the hamsters fed bean flour- based diets tended to be lower, ranging between 298 and 356 mg/dL, compared to 365 mg/dL for the control group and total and free liver cholesterol was about 50 and 33% lower, respectively, in the livers (freeze-dried) of hamsters fed the black turtle bean (BB) and pinto bean (PB) diets. The nitrogen content of the feces from hamsters fed the PB and white bean (WB) diets were 2.6x higher than the control and the excretion of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) was higher in all legume fed hamsters The results show that extrusion efficiently and economically reduces anti-nutritive factors that inhibit the digestion and absorption of proteins and carbohydrates. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN BAYAM MERAH (Amaranthus tricolor L.) TERHADAP KADAR LDL DAN HDL PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) GALUR WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIBERI DIET TINGGI LEMAK

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-817
Author(s):  
Risna Hidayanti ◽  
Hetti Rusmini ◽  
Dita Fitriani ◽  
Ade Maria Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Spinach Leaf ◽  
Fat Diets

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a condition where there is an increase or decrease in the lipid fraction in the blood due to a metabolic disorder of the lipid itself. The lipid fraction that experienced abnormalities was usually an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and a decrease in HDL cholesterol (Perkeni, 2015). Anthocyanin compounds are one of the flavonoid compounds that have the potential as an alternative therapy for dyslipidemia. The leaves of red chicken (Amaranthus tricolor L.) contain anthocyanin compounds that can be used as an alternative therapy for hyperlipidemia.Objective: To determine the effect of red spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) on LDL and HDL blood of white wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet.Methodology: Methods Reviewing articles according to the issue to be studied. It was carried out according to the PICOST analysis, namely population, intervention, comparison, output, study and times from 583 selected journals and 5 journals. Results: Literature from 5 journals contained 5 journals discussing red spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) (100%), 5 journals discussing high-fat diets (100%), 4 journals discussing blood LDL (80%) and 3 journals. discussed blood HDL (60%). Conclusion: The administration of red spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) affected the blood LDL of rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW to 800 mg/kg BW and HDL rat blood at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW to 400 mg/kg BW .  ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Hiperlipidemia adalah keadaan dimana terjadinya peningkatan ataupun penurunan fraksi lipid dalam darah karena adanya suatu kelainan metabolisme dari lipid itu sendiri. Fraksi lipid yang mengalami kelainan biasanya adalah kenaikan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida Keywords: High Fat Diet, LDL, HDL, Red Spinach Leaf Extract , kolesterol LDL dan penurunan dari kolesterol HDL (Perkeni, 2015). Senyawa antosianin merupakan salah satu senyawa flavonoid yang dapat berpotensi sebagai terapi alternatif untuk dislipidemia. Pada daun ayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) terdapat senyawaantosianin yang dapat digunakan sebagai terapi alternative hiperlipidemia.Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) terhadap LDL dan HDL darah tikus putih wistar yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak.Metodologi : Melakukan telaah artikel sesuai dengan issue yang akan diteliti. Dilakukan sesuai dengan analisis PICOST yaitu population, intervention, comparation, output, studi dan times dari 583 jurnal terpilih 5 jurnal.Hasil : Literature dari 5 jurnal terdapat 5 jurnal yang membahas tentang ekstrak daun bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) (100%), 5 jurnal membahas diet tinggi lemak (100%), 4 jurnal membahas LDL darah (80%) dan 3 jurnal membahas HDL darah (60%).Kesimpulan : Pemberian ekstrak daun bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) berpengaruh terhadap LDL darah tikus dengan dosis pemberian 200 mg/kg BB hingga 800 mg/kg BB dan HDL darah tikus dengan dosis pemberian 200 mg/kg BB hingga 400 mg/kg BB. Kata kunci :  Diet Tinggi Lemak, LDL, HDL, Ekstrak Daun Bayam Merah 

scholarly journals High-fat diets increase tryptophan availability to the brain: importance of choice of the control diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A B Badawy ◽  
C J Morgan ◽  
N R Davis ◽  
A Dacey
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Brain

Dietary Supplementation with Glycine Enhances Intestinal Mucosal Integrity and Ameliorates Inflammation in C57BL/6J Mice with High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqing Chen ◽  
Yuchen Yang ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Zhaolai Dai ◽  
In Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Junction Proteins

ABSTRACT Background Obesity, a major public health problem worldwide, is associated with dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Glycine (Gly) has been reported to enhance the expression of tight-junction proteins in porcine enterocytes. It is unknown whether Gly can improve intestinal barrier integrity in obese mice. Objectives This study tested the hypothesis that Gly enhances the intestinal epithelial barrier by regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–related signaling and mitigating inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal-fat diet (ND; fat = 10% energy) or an HFD (fat = 60% energy) and received drinking water supplemented with 2% Gly or 2.37% l-alanine (Ala; isonitrogenous control) daily for 12 wk. Body weight gain and tissue weights, glucose tolerance and the activation of immune cells, as well as the abundances of tight-junction proteins, ER stress proteins, and apoptosis-related proteins in the jejunum and colon were determined. In addition, the body weights of naïve ND and HFD groups (nND and nHFD, respectively) were also recorded for comparison. Differences were analyzed statistically by ANOVA followed by the Duncan multiple-comparison test using SAS software. Results Compared with ND-Ala, HFD-feeding resulted in enhanced macrophage (CD11b+ and F4/80+) infiltration and immune cell activation by 1.9- to 5.4-fold (P &lt; 0.05), as well as the upregulation of ER stress sensor proteins (including phospho-inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and binding immunoglobulin protein) by 2.5- to 4.5-fold, the induction of apoptotic proteins by 1.5- to 3.2-fold, and decreased abundances of tight-junction proteins by 35%–65% (P &lt; 0.05) in the intestine. These HFD-induced abnormalities were significantly ameliorated by Gly supplementation in the HFD-Gly group (P &lt; 0.05). Importantly, Gly supplementation also significantly enhanced glucose tolerance (P &lt; 0.05) by 1.5-fold without affecting the fat accumulation of HFD-induced obese mice. Conclusions Gly supplementation enhanced the intestinal barrier and ameliorated inflammation and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. These effects of Gly were associated with reduced ER stress–related apoptosis in the intestine of obese mice.

scholarly journals Effects of Lipotoxicity in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Sirt3 Deficiency-Potential Role in Comorbid Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpna Tyagi ◽  
Carol Mirita ◽  
Iman Shah ◽  
P. Hemachandra Reddy ◽  
Subbiah Pugazhenthi
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Junction Proteins

Silence information regulator 3 (SIRT3) is an NAD+ dependent deacetylase enzyme that enhances the function of key mitochondrial proteins. We have earlier demonstrated that deletion of Sirt3 gene leads to downregulation of metabolic enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain, the major causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We also reported recently that Sirt3 gene deletion in Alzheimer’s transgenic mice leads to exacerbation of neuroinflammation, amyloid plaque deposition and microglial activation. AD often coexists with other brain lesions caused by comorbidities which can exert their deleterious effects through the neurovascular unit. This unit consists of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), end feet of astrocytes, and pericytes. BMECs are uniquely different from other vascular endothelial cells because they are glued together by tight-junction proteins. BMECs are in constant contact with circulating factors as they line the luminal side. Therefore, we hypothesized that vascular endothelial injury caused by comorbidities plays a significant role in neuroinflammation. Herein, we investigated the effects of lipotoxicity in BMECs and how Sirt3 deficiency facilitate the deleterious effects of lipotoxicity on them using in vivo and in vitro models. We observed decreases in the levels of SIRT3 and tight junction proteins in the brain samples of western diet-fed APP/PS1 mice. Similar observations were obtained with Alzheimer’s post-mortem samples. Exposure of BEND3 cells, mouse brain-derived Endothelial cells3, to a combination of high glucose and palmitic acid resulted in significant (P &lt; 0.01-P &lt; 0.001) decreases in the levels of SIRT3, claudin-5 and ZO-1. Induction of inflammatory mediators, including Cox-2, CXCL1, RANTES, and GADD45β was also observed in these treated cells. Interestingly, the induction was more with Sirt3-silenced BEND3 cells, suggesting that Sirt3 deficiency exacerbates inflammatory response. Palmitic acid was more potent in inducing the inflammatory mediators. Significant cytotoxicity and changes in microglial morphology were observed when cocultures of Sirt3-silenced BEND3 and Sirt3-silenced BV2 cells were exposed to palmitic acid. Transendothelial electrical resistance measurement with these cocultures suggested decreased barrier integrity. The findings of this study suggest that hyperlipidemia in comorbidities can compromise blood brain barrier integrity by inducing inflammatory mediators and decreasing tight junction proteins in the vascular endothelial cells of the AD brain, leading to activation of microglia.

scholarly journals Correction: Nguyen et al. “Monobutyrin Reduces Liver Cholesterol and Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Rats Fed High-Fat Diets” Nutrients 2019, 11, 308

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Thao Duy Nguyen ◽  
Olena Prykhodko ◽  
Frida F. Hållenius ◽  
Margareta Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

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