scholarly journals High-fat diets increase tryptophan availability to the brain: importance of choice of the control diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A B Badawy ◽  
C J Morgan ◽  
N R Davis ◽  
A Dacey
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals High-fat diets need not increase tryptophan availability to the brain: importance of the choice of the control diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-865
Author(s):  
D N Brindley ◽  
I A MacDonald ◽  
C A Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Brain

Effect of high fat diets on the performance and food intake of primiparous and multiparous rabbit does

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
J. Fernandez-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractThe influence of high fat diets on several production traits of primiparous and multiparous rabbit does was studied in 246 lactations from a total of 61 crossbreed rabbit does (Californian × New Zealand). Starting with a control diet (diet C) with 26 g ether extract (EE) per kg dry matter (DM), two isoenergetic diets were formulated adding fat from vegetable sources up to 99 g EE per kg DM (diet V) or animal sources up to 117 g EE per kg DM (diet A). Digestible energy/digestible protein ratio (DE/DP) was maintained between 82 and 87 kj/g. Food intake decreased with high fat diets compared with the control diet during gestation (P ‘lt; 0·001), which implied a decrease in the DE intake (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively). Fat addition did not affect food intake of primiparous does during lactation (101·8,106·9 and 103·7 g DM per day per kg live weight (M)0·75 for C, V and A diets, respectively) but increased the DE intake (1121 kj/day per kg M°0·75 for C diet cf. 1325 for V and 1264 for A diets; P < 0·01) and reduced does' weight losses at the end of lactation (F > 0·05). However, multiparous does on C diet showed a greater food intake during the last 2 weeks of lactation (110·6 for C diet v. 101·5 and 98·9 g DM per day per kg M0·75 for V and A diets, respectively; P < 0·001). High fat diets improved significantly the productive parameters at the 21st day of lactation: increasing litter size (P < 0·01 for multiparous does) and weight (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively) and decreasing the food conversion ratio (P < 0·001). An increase of dietary fat content decreased solid food intake of litters during the last 2 weeks of lactation (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively) but only affected their solid DE intake slightly. In conclusion, high fat diets seem to improve the productivity of lactating does and their corporal condition during the first lactation.

Effect of high fat diets on the performance, milk yield and milk composition of multiparous rabbit does

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
J. Fernández-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractExperiment I. One hundred and twenty-five lactations from 88 New Zealand × Californian does were used to study the influence of high fat diets on the performance and milk yield of multiparous rabbit does in two high productivity situations: housed in hot conditions (minimum temperature above 24°C) with eight pups (group H8), or housed in warm conditions (minimum temperature under 21 °C) with 11 pups (group W11). Starting from a control diet (diet C) with 26 g ether extract (ЕЕ) per kg dry matter (DM), two isoenergetic diets were formulated adding fat from vegetable sources up to 99 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet V) or animal sources up to 117 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet A). The lactating does showed similar food daily intakes (⋍105 g DM per kg), therefore digestible energy intake of does on high fat diets was significantly higher (P < 0·001). The addition of f at to the diets increased (P < 0·001) milk yield of does (+21 and 24 g/day for diets V and A, respectively) and litter weight at weaning (P < 0·05), and decreased the number of pups replaced (P < 0·01) during lactation. Group H8 does had significantly lower DM intakes, litter growth rates and milk production levels than group Wll does (P < 0·001).Experiment 2. The effect of these diets on milk composition was determined in 62 lactations from 28 multiparous rabbit does, in which litter size was maintained at eight pups. Milk samples were collected manually on the 7th, 21st and 28th days of lactation. Milk of does given high fat diets, especially diet A, had higher fat and energy contents (P < 0·001) and a lower protein content (P < 0·001) than those given diet C. Milk of does given diet A had a greater DM content than those given the diets С or V (P < 0·001). There was a correlation between the fatty acid composition of milk and dietary fat. The proportion of odd chain fatty acids in the milk fat was lower for does given diet V (P < 0·05) than those given diet A. In conclusion, high fat diets were related to a higher milk yield and energy content of milk, allowing a higher litter weight gain and a lower mortality of sucking pups.

scholarly journals Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Duy Nguyen ◽  
Frida Fåk Hållenius ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Margareta Nyman ◽  
Olena Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Junction Proteins

Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/- rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (1%), for 5 weeks. One group of conventional rats (C) was also fed the pure high-fat diet and another group of ApoE-/- rats a low-fat (LF) diet. Blood and liver lipids, urinary lactulose/mannitol, SCFAs (blood and brain), tight junction proteins (small intestine and brain), and inflammation-related markers (blood, brain, and liver) were analyzed. MV supplementation elevated serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and valeric acid concentration (p < 0.05), while the amounts of isovaleric acid in the brain were reduced (p < 0.05). MB increased butyric acid amounts in the brain, while the plasma concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was lowered (p < 0.05). Both MV and MB upregulated the expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the brain (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MB or MV affected HDL cholesterol, the expression of tight junction proteins, and SCFA profiles. MB and MV may therefore be promising supplements to attenuate lipid metabolic disorders caused by high-fat intake and genetic deficiency.

Effects of high fat diets on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Sudati ◽  
A. Reddy ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractThe effects of high fat diets (HFDs) on the host–parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. Two HFDs were used, one consisting of a customized high fat diet (CHFD) with 45% lipid in the form of cottonseed oil, and the second consisting of an egg yolk diet (EYD) from domestic hens' eggs, with 31% lipid. Controls for both diets consisted of mice fed a standard laboratory diet with 5% lipid. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (PI). The weight of mice on the CHFD declined significantly compared to mice on the control diet, but there was no significant decline in weight of mice fed EYD compared to the controls. Worm recoveries from mice on both HFDs were significantly less than those from control hosts. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms on HFD compared to those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on HFD were located more anteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet.

Can your diet change your clock?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (572) ◽  
pp. eabf7520
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Diet Change ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Brain

High-fat diets disturb circadian metabolic rhythms in the brain.

Acute Toxicity of Acrylonitrile: Effect of Diet on Tissue Nonprotein Sulfhydryl Content and Distribution of 1–14C-Acrylonitrile or Its Metabolites

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Jaeger ◽  
I. L. Cote ◽  
A. E. Rogers ◽  
E. H. Silver ◽  
S. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

The influence of diet on the acute toxicity (lethality) and distribution of glutathione as measured by tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) concentration following acrylonitrile (ACN) treatment was studied. The tissue distribution of radiolabeled (14C) acrylonitrile or its radioactive metabolites was also determined. The diets tested were a standard laboratory rat chow; a casein-based, complete diet; and 2 diets high in saturated fat content that were either lipotrope deficient or lipotrope supplemented. The latter 2 diets were associated with decreased weight gain in the absence of ACN and increased lethality after orally administratered ACN. The increase in lethality, while most pronounced in the group fed the lipotrope-deficient, high-fat diet, was also seen in rats fed the purified control diet. The high-fat diets were associated with increases in brain and liver NPSH concentrations (mg NPSH/100 g body weight). Following oral administration of 1–14C-ACN, blood contained the highest specific activity. In terms of fraction of administered dose, liver was found to contain the highest total fraction. In the tissues measured, a majority of radioactivity appeared bound to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble components. The sequence of tissue activity (nCi 14C per g or ml) was as follows: blood > stomach > liver, duodenum, lung, kidney > brain > adrenal. While diet affected toxicity, it did not modify this general ranking.

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

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