scholarly journals Glutamine Supplementation Prevents Chronic Stress-Induced Mild Cognitive Impairment

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hyeong Baek ◽  
Soonwoong Jung ◽  
Hyeonwi Son ◽  
Jae Soon Kang ◽  
Hyun Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Ca1 Region

We recently reported that glutamine (Gln) supplementation protected glutamatergic neurotransmission from the harmful effects of chronic stress. Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission is one of the main causes of cognitive disorders. However, the cognitive enhancer function of Gln has not been clearly demonstrated thus far. Here, we evaluated whether and how Gln supplementation actually affects chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. Using a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) mouse model, we confirmed that chronic stress induced mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and neuronal damage in the hippocampus. In contrast, Gln-supplemented mice did not show evidence of MCI. To investigate possible underlying mechanisms, we confirmed that CIS increased plasma corticosterone levels as well as brain and plasma levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. CIS also increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox and p67phox) in both the prefrontal cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus. CIS decreased the number of synaptic puncta in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but these effects were inhibited by Gln supplementation. Taken together, the present results suggest that Gln is an effective agent against chronic stress-induced MCI.

scholarly journals Glutamine supplementation ameliorates chronic stress-induced mild cognitive impairment of mice

IBRO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S326-S327
Author(s):  
Ji Hyeong Baek ◽  
Hyeonwi Son ◽  
Jae Soon Kang ◽  
Hyun Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation

scholarly journals Use and understanding of functional cognitive disorder terminology in United Kingdom clinical practice - a survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S277-S277
Author(s):  
Alexandra Nash ◽  
Jon Stone ◽  
Alan Carson ◽  
Craig Ritchie ◽  
Laura McWhirter
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Case Vignettes

AimsThis study aimed to explore the terms used by old-age psychiatrists and psychologists to describe subjective and mild cognitive impairment and functional cognitive disorders (FCD) in clinical practice.MethodParticipants were selected from across the United Kingdom based on their clinical involvement in the assessment of cognitive complaints. 9 old-age psychiatrists and 4 psychologists were interviewed about their use of terminology in clinical practice and their awareness and understanding of FCD terminology via semi-structured interview questions and case vignettes. Interviews were conducted between December 2020 and February 2021 using online platforms Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Participants were recruited by email and Twitter. All questions were asked verbally; however, the four case vignettes were displayed via screen-share. All discussions and answers were transcribed and transcripts were coded manually using the exploratory case study methodology in order to identify themes in participants’ responses.ResultThis study has highlighted the variable use of terms used to describe and diagnose patients presenting with symptoms of cognitive disorders. The terms ‘mild cognitive impairment’, ‘subjective cognitive decline’ and ‘functional cognitive disorder’ were used most commonly amongst participants, though the terms ‘subjective cognitive impairment’ and ‘pseudodementia’ were also presented. This theme of language discontinuity is underscored by participants’ varying use of terminology when describing or presenting their diagnoses for the case vignettes. The data also reveals a sub-theme of variability in application of the term FCD. Whilst all participants gave similar definitions for this term, the application of FCD as a diagnosis in practice was inconsistent. Six participants described FCD as associated with or secondary to other functional or psychiatric conditions, four participants viewed FCD as an isolated diagnosis, and one participant considered FCD to be either part of another illness or a separate diagnosis. Two participants neither used nor recognised the term FCD.ConclusionIt is evident that there is varied use of terms describing or diagnosing forms of cognitive symptoms. The findings of this study highlight the need for a clear, adoptable definition of FCD in practice as well as implementable management plans for FCD patients. This is critical in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mismanagement, which may have harmful effects on patients living with debilitating cognitive symptoms.

scholarly journals Depression, dementia and immune dysregulation

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Hayley ◽  
Antoine M Hakim ◽  
Paul R Albert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Antidepressant Treatments ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Abstract Major depression is a prevalent illness that increases the risk of several neurological conditions. These include stroke, cardiovascular disease, and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease. In this review we ask whether certain types of depression and associated loneliness may be a harbinger of cognitive decline and possibly even dementia. We propose that chronic stress and inflammation combine to compromise vascular and brain function. The resulting increases in proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation drive brain pathology leading to depression and mild cognitive impairment, which may progress to dementia. We present evidence that by treating the inflammatory changes, depression can be reversed in many cases. Importantly, there is evidence that anti-inflammatory and antidepressant treatments may reduce or prevent dementia in people with depression. Thus, we propose a model in which chronic stress and inflammation combine to increase brain permeability and cytokine production. This leads to microglial activation, white matter damage, neuronal and glial cell loss. This is first manifest as depression and mild cognitive impairment, but can eventually evolve into dementia. Further research may identify clinical subgroups with inflammatory depression at risk for dementia. It would then be possible to address in clinical trials whether effective treatment of the depression can delay the onset of dementia.

scholarly journals Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment in an At-Risk Group of Older Adults: Can a Novel Self-Administered Serious Game-Based Screening Test Improve Diagnostic Accuracy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
Stelios Zygouris ◽  
Paraskevi Iliadou ◽  
Eftychia Lazarou ◽  
Dimitrios Giakoumis ◽  
Konstantinos Votis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Screening Instruments ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

Background: Literature supports the use of serious games and virtual environments to assess cognitive functions and detect cognitive decline. This promising assessment method, however, has not yet been translated into self-administered screening instruments for pre-clinical dementia. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a novel self-administered serious game-based test, namely the Virtual Supermarket Test (VST), in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a sample of older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC), in comparison with two well-established screening instruments, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Methods: Two groups, one of healthy older adults with SMC (N = 48) and one of MCI patients (N = 47) were recruited from day centers for cognitive disorders and administered the VST, the MoCA, the MMSE, and an extended pencil and paper neuropsychological test battery. Results: The VST displayed a correct classification rate (CCR) of 81.91% when differentiating between MCI patients and older adults with SMC, while the MoCA displayed of CCR of 72.04% and the MMSE displayed a CCR of 64.89%. Conclusion: The three instruments assessed in this study displayed significantly different performances in differentiating between healthy older adults with SMC and MCI patients. The VST displayed a good CCR, while the MoCA displayed an average CCR and the MMSE displayed a poor CCR. The VST appears to be a robust tool for detecting MCI in a population of older adults with SMC.

scholarly journals Glutamine Supplementation Ameliorates Chronic Stress-induced Reductions in Glutamate and Glutamine Transporters in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hyeong Baek ◽  
Arul Vignesh ◽  
Hyeonwi Son ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Gu Seob Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Glutamine Transporters

Is dependent personality disorder associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Central Africa? A result from the EPIDEMCA programme

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Pilleron ◽  
Jean-Pierre Clément ◽  
Bébène Ndamba-Bandzouzi ◽  
Pascal Mbelesso ◽  
Jean-François Dartigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Dependent Personality Disorder ◽  
Dependent Personality

ABSTRACTBackground:To date, no studies have examined the relationship between cognitive disorders and personality disorders. Our aim was to investigate the association between dependent personality disorder (DPD) and cognitive disorders in Central Africa.Methods:Between 2011 and 2012, a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study was carried out in rural and urban areas of the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). Participants aged ≥65 years were interviewed using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI-D). Elderly people who performed poorly (CSI-D cognitive tests score or COGSCORE ≤ 24.5/30) were clinically assessed by neurologists and underwent further psychometric testing. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition and Petersen criteria were required for the diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) respectively. DPD was assessed using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+. Socio-demographic, vascular, and psychological factors were also documented. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations.Results:Of the 2,002 participants screened, 860 and 912 had data for cognitive status and DPD in CAR and ROC respectively. In fully adjusted models, DPD was significantly associated with MCI in ROC (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0–4.7) and CAR (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.0) and with dementia only in ROC (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.0–11.7).Conclusions:DPD was associated with cognitive disorders among elderly people in Central Africa. This association should be confirmed in other contexts. This study paves the way for research on the association between personality and cognitive impairment in Africa.

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