scholarly journals Animal Models of Undernutrition and Enteropathy as Tools for Assessment of Nutritional Intervention.

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salameh ◽  
Morel ◽  
Zeilani ◽  
Déchelotte ◽  
Marion-Letellier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Failure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Environmental Enteric Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Impact

: Undernutrition is a major public health problem leading to 1 in 5 of all deaths in children under 5 years. Undernutrition leads to growth stunting and/or wasting and is often associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). EED mechanisms leading to growth failure include intestinal hyperpermeability, villus blunting, malabsorption and gut inflammation. As non-invasive methods for investigating gut function in undernourished children are limited, pre-clinical models are relevant to elucidating the pathophysiological processes involved in undernutrition and EED, and to identifying novel therapeutic strategies. In many published models, undernutrition was induced using protein or micronutrient deficient diets, but these experimental models were not associated with EED. Enteropathy models mainly used gastrointestinal injury triggers. These models are presented in this review. We found only a few studies investigating the combination of undernutrition and enteropathy. This highlights the need for further developments to establish an experimental model reproducing the impact of undernutrition and enteropathy on growth, intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation, that could be suitable for preclinical evaluation of innovative therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal dynamics of schistosomiasis in Rwanda between 2001 and 2012: impact of the national Neglected Tropical Disease control programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Nyandwi ◽  
Tom Veldkamp ◽  
Frank Badu Osei ◽  
Sherif Amer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Schistosomiasis is recognised as a major public health problem in Rwanda. We aimed to identify the spatio-temporal dynamics of its distribution at a fine-scale spatial resolution and to explore the impact of control programme interventions. Incidence data of Schistosoma mansoni infection at 367 health facilities were obtained for the period 2001-2012. Disease cluster analyses were conducted using spatial scan statistics and geographic information systems. The impact of control interventions was assessed for three distinct sub-periods. Findings demonstrated persisting, emerging and re-emerging clusters of schistosomiasis infection across space and time. The control programme initially caused an abrupt increase in incidence rates during its implementation phase. However, this was followed by declining and disappearing clusters when the programme was fully in place. The findings presented should contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of schistosomiasis distribution to be used when implementing future control activities, including prevention and elimination efforts.

scholarly journals SQoF-WEAR Project. The Use of Wearable Devices to Identify the Impact of Stress on Workers’ Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Patricia Concheiro-Moscoso ◽  
Betania Groba ◽  
Sílvia Monteiro-Fonseca ◽  
Nereida Canosa ◽  
Cristina Queirós
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Stress is a major public health problem due to its relevant health, social and economic repercussions. Moreover, stress can be associated with work; when stress increases over time, burnout can occur, an occupational phenomenon recognized by the WHO in 2019. There is interest in the use of wearable devices to monitor and control stressors and their influence on the condition of workers. This study aims to identify the level of job stress and its influence on the quality of life of workers. (2) Methods:This longitudinal study was carried out between the end of May and mid-July 2021. Three assessment tools along with a daily and a weekly questionnaire were computerized through the RedCap platform. The participants had to fill out the diary and weekly questionnaires and wear a Xiaomi Mi Band 5 during the project. (3) Results and discussion: Thirty-six workers from the University of Coruña and from the University of Porto participated in the project. This study promotes the awareness of workers regarding their work stress and the influence of this factor on their quality of life using physiological (e.g., activity, sleep, and heart rate) and psychological indicators (self-report questionnaires in different moments).

scholarly journals Update on the drug-food interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Hafid Bahri ◽  
◽  
Abdelkader Douaoui ◽  
Moufida Gharbi ◽  
Djamila Amroun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Interaction ◽  
The Impact

Drug interactions are a major public health problem, which partly attributed to some 10,000 deaths/year in Canada. Besides the interactions between two drugs, drug interactions are also due to the effect of other substances such as foods or nutrients. The drug-food interaction will be pharmacokinetic (affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) or pharmacodynamic interaction. It is in the intestine that food may have the greatest impact with mainly a change in the amount of drugs absorbed that may be clinically significant for some drugs with narrow therapeutic index (cyclosporine, phenytoin, theophylline, etc.). The absorption of the drug in the presence of food will be determined by the particular physicochemical properties of the drug but also by the impact of food on one of the parameters determining the absorption such as: modified gastric acidity and emptying, the fat content of the food, the use of common transport between the drug and nutrients, chemical reactions between elements and drugs. Fasting situations or malnutrition can affect the distribution of drugs by increasing the free drug fraction, involving sometimes the risk of overdose. Diet affects drug metabolism by changing the activity of cytochrome P450. Most often is described the increase by grapefruit juice (enzyme inhibitor) of plasma concentrations of some drugs (cyclosporine, some statins, and calcium antagonists). Other foods (garlic, smoked meats and fish, caffeine) may increase metabolism. Diet can influence two stages of renal clearance (glomerular filtration - tubular reabsorption) by modifying urine pH or renal clearance. Pharmacodynamic interactions are also monitored, especially foods rich in vitamin k or tyramine with antivitamins K or MAOIs. Finally, health professionals must mobilize against these interactions, including through patient information.

scholarly journals Progress in Research on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing Neurological Diseases and Its Infection Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lintao Wang ◽  
Zhiguang Ren ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yanjie Han ◽  
Wenqiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Harm

COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since its outbreak and has now become a major public health problem. More and more evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may not only affect the respiratory system but also cause great harm to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore in-depth the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the nervous system. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invading the central nervous system during COVID-19, and the neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed.

Exploring the Relationship Between Area Characteristics and Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Johnston ◽  
Jayne Cooper ◽  
Navneet Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Self-harm is strongly associated with later suicide and it is a major public health problem in its own right in many countries. There is a lack of evidence for effective individual level interventions following self-harm. Ecological studies examining the relationship between area characteristics and self-harm have yielded some interesting descriptive data but have had a number of limitations. Methodological and statistical developments in other fields of research may assist in building on findings to date. For example: The concept of social capital potentially provides a structure for examining sociocultural aspects of area; the use of more specific measures of locality will assist in studying area influences more fully; multilevel modelling may help to resolve the ecological fallacy through specifying variance attributable to factors at multiple levels simultaneously; areas in transition may provide natural conditions in which to investigate the impact of changing social environment. The potential utility of these new approaches is discussed with examples. Further investigation of the relationship between self-harm and area characteristics in a wide variety of settings may help to develop area-based interventions. Such interventions may have the potential to effect significant reductions in suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals ANIMAL MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF LEISHMANIASIS IMMUNOLOGY

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsy Nalleli Loria-Cervera ◽  
Fernando Jose Andrade-Narvaez
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Leishmaniasis remains a major public health problem worldwide and is classified as Category I by the TDR/WHO, mainly due to the absence of control. Many experimental models like rodents, dogs and monkeys have been developed, each with specific features, in order to characterize the immune response to Leishmania species, but none reproduces the pathology observed in human disease. Conflicting data may arise in part because different parasite strains or species are being examined, different tissue targets (mice footpad, ear, or base of tail) are being infected, and different numbers (“low” 1×102 and “high” 1×106) of metacyclic promastigotes have been inoculated. Recently, new approaches have been proposed to provide more meaningful data regarding the host response and pathogenesis that parallels human disease. The use of sand fly saliva and low numbers of parasites in experimental infections has led to mimic natural transmission and find new molecules and immune mechanisms which should be considered when designing vaccines and control strategies. Moreover, the use of wild rodents as experimental models has been proposed as a good alternative for studying the host-pathogen relationships and for testing candidate vaccines. To date, using natural reservoirs to study Leishmania infection has been challenging because immunologic reagents for use in wild rodents are lacking. This review discusses the principal immunological findings against Leishmania infection in different animal models highlighting the importance of using experimental conditions similar to natural transmission and reservoir species as experimental models to study the immunopathology of the disease.

scholarly journals The Impact of Edentulism on Oral and General Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Emami ◽  
Raphael Freitas de Souza ◽  
Marla Kabawat ◽  
Jocelyne S. Feine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Health ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Dentistry ◽  
Disease Indicators ◽  
The Impact

An adequate dentition is of importance for well-being and life quality. Despite advances in preventive dentistry, edentulism is still a major public health problem worldwide. In this narrative review, we provide a perspective on the pathways that link oral to general health. A better understanding of disease indicators is necessary for establishing a solid strategy through an organized oral health care system to prevent and treat this morbid chronic condition.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the Future Trends of Cholera Epidemic

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steady Mushayabasa ◽  
Claver P. Bhunu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Cholera, an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, remains a major public health problem in many parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A mathematical model is developed, to assess the impact of increasing antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the future trends of the cholera epidemic. Equilibrium states of the model are determined and their stabilities have been examined. The impacts of increasing antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the future trends of cholera epidemic have been investigated through the reproductive number. Numerical results are provided to support analytical findings.

scholarly journals A Life Course Approach to the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Indonesia

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Ali Sungkar ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono ◽  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Nurul R. M. Manikam ◽  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Long Term Impact

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a long-term impact on each life stage and remains worldwide a major public health problem. Eleven experts were invited to participate in a virtual meeting to discuss the present situation and the available intervention to prevent iron deficiency anemia in Indonesia. The experts consisted of obstetric gynecologists, pediatricians, nutritionists, midwives, a clinical psychologist, and an education expert. Existing interventions focus attention on preconception and early childhood stages. Considering the inter-generational effects of IDA, we call attention to expanding strategies to all life stages through integrating political, educational, and nutritional interventions. The experts agreed that health education and nutritional intervention should be started since adolescence. Further research to explore the effectiveness of these interventions would be important for many regions in the world. The outcome of this Indonesian consensus is applicable worldwide.

scholarly journals To Fall or Not to Fall – Falls and Perceptions of Control and Meaning of the Home

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 444-444
Author(s):  
Susanne Iwarsson ◽  
Steven Schmidt ◽  
Björn Slaug
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Psychological Instruments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Falls are a major public health problem among older people. Even if the outcome of a fall is not fatal, it may be a traumatic experience with both physical and psychological consequences. However, there is a lack of studies examining how falls in the home may impact the perception of the home. To compare perceptions of the home between those who had fallen and those who had not, we utilized data from the Swedish SNAC-GÅS study (N=371; mean age=68; 43% men). Perceptions of control and meaning of the home were captured by established psychological instruments. Excluding falls in other environments than the home (n=99), those who fell in the home the previous year (n=34) scored notably higher on housing control by “powerful others” (p=0.053) and notably lower on perceived “behavioral home bonding” (p=0.056) compared to non-fallers (n=238). These results warrant further research into the impact of falls on perceived housing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document