scholarly journals The Impact of Edentulism on Oral and General Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Emami ◽  
Raphael Freitas de Souza ◽  
Marla Kabawat ◽  
Jocelyne S. Feine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Health ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Dentistry ◽  
Disease Indicators ◽  
The Impact

An adequate dentition is of importance for well-being and life quality. Despite advances in preventive dentistry, edentulism is still a major public health problem worldwide. In this narrative review, we provide a perspective on the pathways that link oral to general health. A better understanding of disease indicators is necessary for establishing a solid strategy through an organized oral health care system to prevent and treat this morbid chronic condition.

scholarly journals Progress in Research on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing Neurological Diseases and Its Infection Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lintao Wang ◽  
Zhiguang Ren ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yanjie Han ◽  
Wenqiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Harm

COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since its outbreak and has now become a major public health problem. More and more evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may not only affect the respiratory system but also cause great harm to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore in-depth the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the nervous system. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invading the central nervous system during COVID-19, and the neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed.

scholarly journals To Fall or Not to Fall – Falls and Perceptions of Control and Meaning of the Home

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 444-444
Author(s):  
Susanne Iwarsson ◽  
Steven Schmidt ◽  
Björn Slaug
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Psychological Instruments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Falls are a major public health problem among older people. Even if the outcome of a fall is not fatal, it may be a traumatic experience with both physical and psychological consequences. However, there is a lack of studies examining how falls in the home may impact the perception of the home. To compare perceptions of the home between those who had fallen and those who had not, we utilized data from the Swedish SNAC-GÅS study (N=371; mean age=68; 43% men). Perceptions of control and meaning of the home were captured by established psychological instruments. Excluding falls in other environments than the home (n=99), those who fell in the home the previous year (n=34) scored notably higher on housing control by “powerful others” (p=0.053) and notably lower on perceived “behavioral home bonding” (p=0.056) compared to non-fallers (n=238). These results warrant further research into the impact of falls on perceived housing.

scholarly journals Diagnostic sensitivity of direct wet mount microscopy for soil-transmitted helminth infections in Jimma Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06.1) ◽  
pp. 66S-71S
Author(s):  
Daniel Dana ◽  
Johnny Vlaminck ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
Mio Ayana ◽  
Florian Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Jimma Town

Introduction: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) remains a major public health problem in school children in Ethiopia. Although direct wet mount microscopy (DWMM) is the means to diagnose parasitic diseases in health care facilities in Ethiopia, it remains unclear what its diagnostic performance is for STH. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed in Jimma Town (Ethiopia) and included 600 children from 10 primary schools. The diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM was compared to a composite reference standard (CRS) consisting of Kato-Katz, McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC. We also explored the impact of intensity of infection (the highest faecal egg counts (FECs; expressed as eggs per gram of stool (EPG)) across the CRS) on the diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM. Results: Based on the CRS, there were 210 Ascaris (35.0%), 312 Trichuris (52.0%) and 102 hookworm cases (17.0%). The median intensity of infections equalled 2,057 EPG for Ascaris, 200 EPG for Trichuris and 110 EPG for hookworms. The sensitivity of DWMM was 73.8% for Ascaris, but was around 17% for both Trichuris and hookworms. The sensitivity significantly increased with intensity of STH. For Ascaris, the odds for detecting an infection intensity of 1,000 EPG was 6.2 times higher than detecting an infection of 100 EPG. For Trichuris and hookworms, these odds ratios were 7.1 and 14. Conclusions: The diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM is low for STH, but it is able to detect those subjects that are in the highest need of treatment, and hence contributes to the global goal to eliminate STH as a public health problem.

scholarly journals Oral Health and Related Factors Associated with General Health and Quality of Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4663
Author(s):  
Gaetano Isola
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
General Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Progressive Course

Oral well-being is an integral part of individual general health. The mouth and teeth are, in fact, part of our body, increasingly characterizing personal identity. Oral diseases are a public health problem that has a growing prevalence. Oral pathologies can occur in childhood, and as they have a chronic and progressive course, if not properly treated, they can affect the relational, psychological, and social skills of an individual. The population most affected are those with a low socio-economic level, so much so that the presence of diseases of the oral cavity is considered a marker of social disadvantage. In this regard, much effort is needed from scientists, and their applied sciences, in order to give the knowledge required for public health personal to take note of the seriousness of the situation and to start changing the way we deal with the problem.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Drug Resistance on the Transmission Dynamics of Typhoid Fever

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mushayabasa ◽  
C. P. Bhunu ◽  
E. T. Ngarakana-Gwasira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Typhoid fever continues to be a major public health problem in the developing world. Antibiotic therapy has been the main stay of treating typhoid fever for decades. The emergence of drug-resistant typhoid strain in the last two decades has been a major problem in tackling this scourge. A mathematical model for investigating the impact of drug resistance on the transmission dynamics of typhoid fever is developed. The reproductive number for the model has been computed. Numerical results in this study suggest that when a typhoid outbreak occurs with more drug-sensitive cases than drug-resistant cases, then it may take 10–15 months for symptomatic drug-resistant cases to outnumber all typhoid cases, and it may take an average of 15–20 months for nonsymptomatic drug-resistant cases to outnumber all drug-sensitive cases.

scholarly journals Five-Year Follow-Up on the Prevalence and Intensity of Infections of Schistosoma mansoni in a Hard-to-Reach District of Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Spencer ◽  
Cortland Linder ◽  
James M. St. J. Penney ◽  
Hannah J. Russell ◽  
Kate Hyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽  
The Impact

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Madagascar. The WHO recommends preventive chemotherapy by mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel as the primary approach to control Schistosoma mansoni–related morbidity in endemic populations, alongside complementary interventions such as health education. The impact of annual MDA and health education programs was assessed in the hard-to-reach Marolambo district of eastern Madagascar, an area endemic for S. mansoni. Repeated cross-sectional studies undertaken 2015–2019 examined between 300 and 381 school-aged children (aged 5–14 years) annually. The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mansoni were assessed by urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks and coproscopy using Kato–Katz (KK) methodologies. After four rounds of annual MDA, a reduction in S. mansoni prevalence was seen in CCA (93.9% in year 1–87.7% in year 5; P = 0.007) and KK (73.9% in year 1–59.4% in year 5; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of heavy-intensity infections roughly halved from 23.7% to 10.1% (P < 0.0001), and the mean intensity of infection fell by 55.0% (480.2–216.3 eggs per gram of feces). A malacological survey found Biomphalaria pfeifferi snail intermediate hosts in multiple water contact sites including rice paddies, streams, and Nosivolo River. Despite reductions in infection prevalence and intensity, schistosomiasis still poses a significant public health challenge in Marolambo district. Twice yearly MDA cycles and/or community-wide MDA are suggested to better reduce infections. Expanding health education; improving standards of water, sanitation, and hygiene; and attention on snail-related control will also be important, especially in rice paddy irrigated areas.

scholarly journals Characterization ofMycobacterium bovisfrom Humans and Cattle in Namwala District, Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Malama ◽  
Tone Bjordal Johansen ◽  
John Bwalya Muma ◽  
Musso Munyeme ◽  
Grace Mbulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Zambia. While human to human transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisis of major importance in driving the tuberculosis epidemic, the impact ofMycobacterium bovistransmission from infected cattle is largely unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed at molecular characterization ofM. bovisin humans and cattle. A total of 100 human sputum samples and 67 bovine tissues were collected and analyzed for the presence of mycobacteria. Of 65 human samples that harbored acid fast bacteria (AFB), 55 isolates were obtained of which 34 were identified asM. tuberculosisand 2 asM. bovis. AFB-positive bovine samples (n=67) yielded 47 mycobacterial isolates among which 25 were identified asM. bovisand noM. tuberculosiswas found. Among theM. bovisisolates, spoligotyping revealed a high homogeneity in genotypes circulating in Namwala district. Human and cattle isolates shared identical MIRU-VNTR genotypes, suggesting that transmission between the two hosts may occur. Therefore, this study has documented zoonotic TB in human patients in Namwala district of Zambia. However, further molecular epidemiological studies in the study area are recommended.

scholarly journals Measuring the impact of PCV7 in the European Union: why it is a priority

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Lopalco
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The European Union ◽  
A Priority ◽  
The Impact

Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are a major public health problem worldwide. Infections can often lead to serious invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) that include pneumonia, meningitis and febrile bacteraemia.

Suicide and genetic biomarkers: toward personalized tailored-treatment with lithium and clozapine.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico De Berardis ◽  
Federica Vellante ◽  
Mauro Pettorruso ◽  
Lorenza Lucidi ◽  
Antonio Tambelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Genetic Biomarkers ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: Suicide is a major public health problem on a global scale with about 800.000 deaths every year. In particular, it represents one of the main causes of death among adolescents and young adults aged between 15 and 29 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes suicide as “an act of deliberate killing,” which is placed at the extreme end of the continuous spectrum of suicidal behaviors (SBs). These include suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and suicide itself. Objective: The aim of the present review was to better clarify the suicide vulnerability genetic biomarkers and genetic variants correlated with the response to lithium and clozapine and to evaluate some correspondences. Methods: We reviewed the current literature, focusing our attention on genetic molecular studies on neurobiological systems involved in SBs and on pharmacogenetic studies on antisuicidal drugs (lithium and clozapine). Results: The studies we reviewed have shown mixed results. Interestingly, rs1800532 polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene, encoding for the serotonin transporter, is potentially correlated with both suicide vulnerability and a poor response to lithium and clozapine. Conclusion: Due to the impact of suicide on public health, more studies are needed to open a promising route to prevent suicide in personalized and precise psychiatry.

scholarly journals The Consequence of Land Mines on Public Health

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Kakar ◽  
Fabrizio Bassani ◽  
C.J. Romer ◽  
S.W.A. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Land Mines ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn estimated 110 million land mines scattered in 64 countries continue to terrorize people and destroy human lives long after wars and fighting have ceased. Despite efforts to clear these devices, their numbers continue to increase and their presence, constitutes a substantial threat to public health in the affected countries. Direct consequences include both the physical and emotional injuries from the impact, flying debris, and structural collapse associated with their detonation. Indirect consequences include increases in the incidence of waterborne diseases, diarrhea, malnutrition, infectious diseases, and spread of the human immunodeficiency virus associated with the increased use of blood. Those at highest risk of these latter consequences are mostly the disadvantaged poor, especially children. Psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, occur in those not directly injured as well as those physically wounded by the explosion.Besides efforts to ban production, stockpiling and export of land mines, a comprehensive and integrated health program aimed at the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of those injured directly or indirectly by land mines is needed urgently. Strategies should include mine-awareness programs, enhanced transport of those directly injured, training the villagers in first aid, augmenting the capacity and quality of treatment facilities, improving the psychological support and treatment capabilities, development of rehabilitation programs, and the institution and enhancement of public-health programs directed at the indirect consequences associated with the presence of land mines.Land mines constitute a major public-health problem in the world that must be addressed.

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