scholarly journals Redox Homeostasis and Natural Dietary Compounds: Focusing on Antioxidants of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiramon Rungratanawanich ◽  
Maurizio Memo ◽  
Daniela Uberti
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Shift

Redox homeostasis may be defined as the dynamic equilibrium between electrophiles and nucleophiles to maintain the optimum redox steady state. This mechanism involves complex reactions, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, activated by oxidative stress in order to restore the redox balance. The ability to maintain the optimal redox homeostasis is fundamental for preserving physiological functions and preventing phenotypic shift toward pathological conditions. Here, we reviewed mechanisms involved in redox homeostasis and how certain natural compounds regulate the nucleophilic tone. In addition, we focused on the antioxidant properties of rice and particularly on its bioactive compound, γ-oryzanol. It is well known that γ-oryzanol exerts a variety of beneficial effects mediated by its antioxidant properties. Recently, γ-oryzanol was also found as a Nrf2 inducer, resulting in nucleophilic tone regulation and making rice a para-hormetic food.

scholarly journals Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bonomini ◽  
Elisa Borsani ◽  
Gaia Favero ◽  
Luigi Rodella ◽  
Rita Rezzani
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Vitamin C and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Marco B. Morelli ◽  
Jessica Gambardella ◽  
Vanessa Castellanos ◽  
Valentina Trimarco ◽  
Gaetano Santulli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions

The potential beneficial effects of the antioxidant properties of vitamin C have been investigated in a number of pathological conditions. In this review, we assess both clinical and preclinical studies evaluating the role of vitamin C in cardiac and vascular disorders, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. Pitfalls and controversies in investigations on vitamin C and cardiovascular disorders are also discussed.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Vitamins K and D3 on Redox Balance of Human Osteoblasts Cultured with Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ambrożewicz ◽  
Marta Muszyńska ◽  
Grażyna Tokajuk ◽  
Grzegorz Grynkiewicz ◽  
Neven Žarković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Osteoblasts ◽  
Redox Imbalance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dna Biosynthesis ◽  
Bone Damage

Hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials are commonly used in surgery to repair bone damage. However, the introduction of biomaterials into the body can cause metabolic alterations, including redox imbalance. Because vitamins D3 and K (K1, MK-4, MK-7) have pronounced osteoinductive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, it is suggested that they may reduce the adverse effects of biomaterials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamins D3 and K, used alone and in combination, on the redox metabolism of human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19 cell line) cultured in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials (Maxgraft, Cerabone, Apatos, and Gen-Os). Culturing of the osteoblasts in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials resulted in oxidative stress manifested by increased production of reactive oxygen species and decrease of glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity. Such redox imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation manifested by an increase of 4-hydroxynonenal level, which is known to influence the growth of bone cells. Vitamins D3 and K were shown to help maintain redox balance and prevent lipid peroxidation in osteoblasts cultured with hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials. The strongest effect was observed for the combination of vitamin D3 and MK-7. Moreover, vitamins promoted growth of the osteoblasts, manifested by increased DNA biosynthesis. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of vitamins D3 and K may protect redox balance and support the growth of osteoblasts affected by hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials.

scholarly journals Role of Reductive versus Oxidative Stress in Tumor Progression and Anticancer Drug Resistance

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Kyung-Soo Chun ◽  
Do-Hee Kim ◽  
Young-Joon Surh
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Reductive Stress

Redox homeostasis is not only essential for the maintenance of normal physiological functions, but also plays an important role in the growth, survival, and therapy resistance of cancer cells. Altered redox balance and consequent disruption of redox signaling are implicated in the proliferation and progression of cancer cells and their resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2) is the principal stress-responsive transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Aberrant Nrf2 overactivation has been observed in many cancerous and transformed cells. Uncontrolled amplification of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling results in reductive stress. Some metabolic pathways altered due to reductive stress have been identified as major contributors to tumorigenesis. This review highlights the multifaceted role of reductive stress in cancer development and progression.

scholarly journals Inflammation, Peripheral Signals and Redox Homeostasis in Athletes Who Practice Different Sports

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Simone Luti ◽  
Alessandra Modesti ◽  
Pietro A. Modesti
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The importance of training in regulating body mass and performance is well known. Physical training induces metabolic changes in the organism, leading to the activation of adaptive mechanisms aimed at establishing a new dynamic equilibrium. However, exercise can have both positive and negative effects on inflammatory and redox statuses. In recent years, attention has focused on the regulation of energy homeostasis and most studies have reported the involvement of peripheral signals in influencing energy and even inflammatory homeostasis due to overtraining syndrome. Among these, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) were reported to influence energy and even inflammatory homeostasis. However, most studies were performed on sedentary individuals undergoing an aerobic training program. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to focus on high-performance exercise studies performed in athletes to correlate peripheral mediators and key inflammation markers with physiological and pathological conditions in different sports such as basketball, soccer, swimming and cycling.

scholarly journals Increased Circulating Levels of Interleukin-6 Affect the Redox Balance in Skeletal Muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Forcina ◽  
Carmen Miano ◽  
Bianca M. Scicchitano ◽  
Emanuele Rizzuto ◽  
Maria Grazia Berardinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Circulating Levels

The extent of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are closely related events which coexist in a muscle environment under pathologic conditions. It has been generally accepted that the inflammatory cells, as well as myofibers, are sources of reactive species which are, in turn, able to amplify the activation of proinflammatory pathways. However, the precise mechanism underlining the physiopathologic interplay between ROS generation and inflammatory response has to be fully clarified. Thus, the identification of key molecular players in the interconnected pathogenic network between the two processes might help to design more specific therapeutic approaches for degenerative diseases. Here, we investigated whether elevated circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) are sufficient to perturb the physiologic redox balance in skeletal muscle, independently of tissue damage and inflammatory response. We observed that the overexpression of circulating IL-6 enhances the generation and accumulation of free radicals in the diaphragm muscle of adult NSE/IL-6 mice, by deregulating redox-associated molecular circuits and impinging the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) mediated antioxidant response. Our findings are coherent with a model in which uncontrolled levels of IL-6 in the bloodstream can influence the local redox homeostasis, inducing the establishment of prooxidative conditions in skeletal muscle tissue.

scholarly journals Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhadeep Chakrabarti ◽  
Forough Jahandideh ◽  
Jianping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Food Proteins ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer are now the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammatory processes and oxidative stress underlie the pathogenesis of these pathological conditions. Bioactive peptides derived from food proteins have been evaluated for various beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this review, we summarize the roles of various food-derived bioactive peptides in inflammation and oxidative stress and discuss the potential benefits and limitations of using these compounds against the burden of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in NRF2- and Sirtuin-Dependent Maintenance of Cellular Redox Balance

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Corsello ◽  
Narayana Komaravelli ◽  
Antonella Casola
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has arisen as a critical gasotransmitter signaling molecule modulating cellular biological events related to health and diseases in heart, brain, liver, vascular systems and immune response. Three enzymes mediate the endogenous production of H2S: cystathione β-synthase (CBS), cystathione γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). CBS and CSE localizations are organ-specific. 3-MST is a mitochondrial and cytosolic enzyme. The generation of H2S is firmly regulated by these enzymes under normal physiological conditions. Recent studies have highlighted the role of H2S in cellular redox homeostasis, as it displays significant antioxidant properties. H2S exerts antioxidant effects through several mechanisms, such as quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), by modulating cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx-1) or increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), by activating the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). H2S also influences the activity of the histone deacetylase protein family of sirtuins, which plays an important role in inhibiting oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and during the aging process by modulating AOE gene expression. This review focuses on the role of H2S in NRF2 and sirtuin signaling pathways as they are related to cellular redox homeostasis.

scholarly journals KEAP1, a cysteine-based sensor and a drug target for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 200105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharadha Dayalan Naidu ◽  
Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Redox Imbalance ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Activation Of Transcription

Redox imbalance and persistent inflammation are the underlying causes of most chronic diseases. Mammalian cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms for restoring redox homeostasis and resolving acute inflammatory responses. One prominent mechanism is that of inducing the expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective proteins, while also suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, through the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2). At homeostatic conditions, NRF2 is a short-lived protein, which avidly binds to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). KEAP1 functions as (i) a substrate adaptor for a Cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and (ii) a cysteine-based sensor for a myriad of physiological and pharmacological NRF2 activators. Here, we review the intricate molecular mechanisms by which KEAP1 senses electrophiles and oxidants. Chemical modification of specific cysteine sensors of KEAP1 results in loss of NRF2-repressor function and alterations in the expression of NRF2-target genes that encode large networks of diverse proteins, which collectively restore redox balance and resolve inflammation, thus ensuring a comprehensive cytoprotection. We focus on the cyclic cyanoenones, the most potent NRF2 activators, some of which are currently in clinical trials for various pathologies characterized by redox imbalance and inflammation.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of Nrf2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role in Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhwar Raghunath ◽  
Kiruthika Sundarraj ◽  
Frank Arfuso ◽  
Gautam Sethi ◽  
Ekambaram Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Liver Malignancy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nrf2 Activation ◽  
Key Factor

The liver executes versatile functions and is the chief organ for metabolism of toxicants/xenobiotics. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and the third foremost cause of cancer death worldwide. Oxidative stress is a key factor related with the development and progression of HCC. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a cytosolic transcription factor, which regulates redox homeostasis by activating the expression of an array of antioxidant response element-dependent genes. Nrf2 displays conflicting roles in normal, healthy liver and HCC; in the former, Nrf2 offers beneficial effects, whereas in the latter it causes detrimental effects favouring the proliferation and survival of HCC. Sustained Nrf2 activation has been observed in HCC and facilitates its progression and aggressiveness. This review summarizes the role and mechanism(s) of action of Nrf2 dysregulation in HCC and therapeutic options that can be employed to modulate this transcription factor.

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