scholarly journals Vitamin C and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Marco B. Morelli ◽  
Jessica Gambardella ◽  
Vanessa Castellanos ◽  
Valentina Trimarco ◽  
Gaetano Santulli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions

The potential beneficial effects of the antioxidant properties of vitamin C have been investigated in a number of pathological conditions. In this review, we assess both clinical and preclinical studies evaluating the role of vitamin C in cardiac and vascular disorders, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. Pitfalls and controversies in investigations on vitamin C and cardiovascular disorders are also discussed.

scholarly journals Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bonomini ◽  
Elisa Borsani ◽  
Gaia Favero ◽  
Luigi Rodella ◽  
Rita Rezzani
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Role of Quercetin in Depressive-Like Behaviors: Findings from Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7116
Author(s):  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Depressive-like behavior is a highly prevalent worldwide neuropsychiatric disorder that owns a complex pathophysiologic mechanism. The available pharmacotherapy is ineffective for most patients and shown several adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to find efficacy and safe antidepressive compounds. Some phytochemicals compounds regulate the same genes and pathways targeted by drugs; therefore, diets rich in fruits and vegetables could be considered novel treatment approaches. Currently, the functional properties of quercetin acquired great interest, due to its beneficial effects on health. Quercetin is a flavonoid ubiquitously present in vegetables and fruits, interestingly for its strong antioxidant properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the preclinical studies present in the literature, in the last ten years, aimed at illustrating the effects of quercetin pre-treatment in depressive-like behaviors. Quercetin resulted in antidepressant-like actions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This pointed out the usefulness of this flavonoid as a nutraceutical compound against the development of psychological stress-induced behavioral perturbation. Therefore, quercetin or a diet containing it may become a prospective supplementation or an efficient adjuvant therapy for preventing stress-mediated depressive-like behavior.

Dietary Carotenoids in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Role of PPARs in the Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Raghunandan Purohith ◽  
Nagendra P.M. Nagalingaswamy ◽  
Nanjunda S. Shivananju
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Established Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Metabolic syndrome is a collective term that denotes disorder in metabolism, symptoms of which include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Diet is a major predisposing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, and dietary intervention is necessary for both prevention and management. The bioactive constituents of food play a key role in this process. Micronutrients such as vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, and aromatic pigment molecules found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and condiments are known to have beneficial effects in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. There exists a well-established relationship between oxidative stress and major pathological conditions such as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Consequently, dietary antioxidants are implicated in the remediation of these complications. The mechanism of action and targets of dietary antioxidants as well as their effects on related pathways are being extensively studied and elucidated in recent times. This review attempts a comprehensive study of the role of dietary carotenoids in alleviating metabolic syndromewith an emphasis on molecular mechanism-in the light of recent advances.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary or Supplemental Vitamin C Intake on Vitamin C Levels in Patients with and without Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2330
Author(s):  
Bianca J. Collins ◽  
Mitali S. Mukherjee ◽  
Michelle D. Miller ◽  
Christopher L. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Elderly Cohort

Atherosclerosis is a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory disease state, which is the underlying cause of most cardiovascular events, estimated to affect 5.2% of the Australian population. Diet, and specifically vitamin C, through its antioxidant properties can play a role in impeding the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This systematic review conducted comprehensive searches in Medline, Emcare, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane using key search terms for vitamin C, plasma vitamin C, supplementation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The results demonstrated that vitamin C supplementation resulted in a significant increase in vitamin C levels in populations with or without CVD, except for one study on the CVD population. It was also seen that the healthy population baseline and post-intervention vitamin C levels were high compared to the CVD population. However, further research is indicated for CVD population groups with varying baseline vitamin C levels, such as low baseline vitamin C, within a more representative elderly cohort in order to formulate and update vitamin C repletion guidelines.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Tocopherols on TNFα-Induced ROS Production and ICAM-1 and Cl-2 Expression in HT29 Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Vladana Domazetovic ◽  
Irene Falsetti ◽  
Caterina Viglianisi ◽  
Kristian Vasa ◽  
Cinzia Aurilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bowel Diseases

Vitamin E, a fat-soluble compound, possesses both antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties. In this study we evaluated, in intestinal HT29 cells, the role of natural tocopherols, α-Toc and δ-Toc, and two semi-synthetic derivatives, namely bis-δ-Toc sulfide (δ-Toc)2S and bis-δ-Toc disulfide (δ-Toc)2S2, on TNFα-induced oxidative stress, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and claudin-2 (Cl-2) expression. The role of tocopherols was compared to that of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant precursor of glutathione synthesis. The results show that all tocopherol containing derivatives used, prevented TNFα-induced oxidative stress and the increase of ICAM-1 and Cl-2 expression, and that (δ-Toc)2S and (δ-Toc)2S2 are more effective than δ-Toc and α-Toc. The beneficial effects demonstrated were due to tocopherol antioxidant properties, but suppression of TNFα-induced Cl-2 expression seems not only to be related with antioxidant ability. Indeed, while ICAM-1 expression is strongly related to the intracellular redox state, Cl-2 expression is TNFα-up-regulated by both redox and non-redox dependent mechanisms. Since ICAM-1 and Cl-2 increase intestinal bowel diseases, and cause excessive recruitment of immune cells and alteration of the intestinal barrier, natural and, above all, semi-synthetic tocopherols may have a potential role as a therapeutic support against intestinal chronic inflammation, in which TNFα represents an important proinflammatory mediator.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties of Ergosterol and Its Role in Yeast Resistance to Oxidation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Sebastien Dupont ◽  
Paul Fleurat-Lessard ◽  
Richtier Gonçalves Cruz ◽  
Céline Lafarge ◽  
Cédric Grangeteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
The Subject

Although the functions and structural roles of sterols have been the subject of numerous studies, the reasons for the diversity of sterols in the different eukaryotic kingdoms remain unclear. It is thought that the specificity of sterols is linked to unidentified supplementary functions that could enable organisms to be better adapted to their environment. Ergosterol is accumulated by late branching fungi that encounter oxidative perturbations in their interfacial habitats. Here, we investigated the antioxidant properties of ergosterol using in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches. The results showed that ergosterol is involved in yeast resistance to tert-butyl hydroperoxide and protects lipids against oxidation in liposomes. A computational study based on quantum chemistry revealed that this protection could be related to its antioxidant properties operating through an electron transfer followed by a proton transfer mechanism. This study demonstrates the antioxidant role of ergosterol and proposes knowledge elements to explain the specific accumulation of this sterol in late branching fungi. Ergosterol, as a natural antioxidant molecule, could also play a role in the incompletely understood beneficial effects of some mushrooms on health.

The role of galectin-3 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhong ◽  
Xiaoqian Qian ◽  
Guangping Chen ◽  
Xiang Song
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Galectin 3

Beneficial effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia in rats: Critical role of striatal catalase activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulian Ricardo Faria ◽  
Vanessa Costhek Abílio ◽  
Christian Grassl ◽  
Cibele Cristina Chinen ◽  
Luciana Takahashi Ribeiro Negrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oral Dyskinesia

scholarly journals Contributions of A2A and A2B adenosine receptors in coronary flow responses in relation to the KATP channel using A2B and A2A/2B double-knockout mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. H2322-H2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Sharifi Sanjani ◽  
Bunyen Teng ◽  
Thomas Krahn ◽  
Stephen Tilley ◽  
Catherine Ledent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Cgs 21680 ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Sch 58261 ◽  
Single Knockout

Adenosine plays a role in physiological and pathological conditions, and A2 adenosine receptor (AR) expression is modified in many cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we elucidated the role of the A2BAR and its relationship to the A2AAR in coronary flow (CF) changes using A2B single-knockout (KO) and A2A/2B double-KO (DKO) mice in a Langendorff setup. We used two approaches: 1) selective and nonselective AR agonists and antagonists and 2) A2AKO and A2BKO and A2A/2BDKO mice. BAY 60-6583 (a selective A2B agonist) had no effect on CF in A2BKO mice, whereas it significantly increased CF in wild-type (WT) mice (maximum of 23.3 ± 9 ml·min−1·g−1). 5′- N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA; a nonselective AR agonist) increased CF in A2BKO mice (maximum of 34.6 ± 4.7 ml·min−1·g−1) to a significantly higher degree compared with WT mice (maximum of 23.1 ± 2.1 ml·min−1·g−1). Also, CGS-21680 (a selective A2A agonist) increased CF in A2BKO mice (maximum of 29 ± 1.9 ml·min−1·g−1) to a significantly higher degree compared with WT mice (maximum of 25.1 ± 2.3 ml·min−1·g−1). SCH-58261 (an A2A-selective antagonist) inhibited the NECA-induced increase in CF to a significantly higher degree in A2BKO mice (19.3 ± 1.6 vs. 0.5 ± 0.4 ml·min−1·g−1) compared with WT mice (19 ± 3.5 vs. 3.6 ± 0.5 ml·min−1·g−1). NECA did not induce any increase in CF in A2A/2BDKO mice, whereas a significant increase was observed in WT mice (maximum of 23.1 ± 2.1 ml·min−1·g−1). Furthermore, the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate had no effect on the NECA-induced increase in CF in WT mice, whereas the NECA-induced increase in CF in WT (17.6 ± 2 ml·min−1·g−1), A2AKO (12.5 ± 2.3 ml·min−1·g−1), and A2BKO (16.2 ± 0.8 ml·min−1·g−1) mice was significantly blunted by the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide (to 0.7 ± 0.7, 2.3 ± 1.1, and 0.9 ± 0.4 ml·min−1·g−1, respectively). Also, the CGS-21680-induced (22 ± 2.3 ml·min−1·g−1) and BAY 60-6583-induced (16.4 ± 1.60 ml·min−1·g−1) increase in CF in WT mice was significantly blunted by glibenclamide (to 1.2 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 1.2 ml·min−1·g−1, respectively). In conclusion, this is the first evidence supporting the compensatory upregulation of A2AARs in A2BKO mice and demonstrates that both A2AARs and A2BARs induce CF changes through KATP channels. These results identify AR-mediated CF responses that may lead to better therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

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