scholarly journals How Does N Mineral Fertilizer Influence the Crop Residue N Credit?

Nitrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Risely Ferraz-Almeida ◽  
Natália Lopes da Silva ◽  
Beno Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
C And N ◽  
Set Up

In no-tillage systems, there is an accumulation of crop residues (CR), which plays an essential role in the availability of soil-N. A study was set up to provide information regarding the N credit and the influence of N mineral fertilizer. There was the addition of a similar rate of residue (10 Mg ha−1; sugarcane, soybean, and brachiaria) and N mineral fertilizer (urea; 120 kg N ha−1) in loam soil. After the stabilization of biological activity (73 days), soil and remaining residues were collected, and C and N monitored. The results showed that the N credit was positive with the application of soybean, sugarcane, and brachiaria. There was a positive balance of the soybean N credit in soil with a reduction from 2.49 to 0.90 g kg−1 of N in remaining residue, and a direct increase of 90% of soil-N. There is no need of N fertilizer to potentialize the soybean N credit, but it is required to potentialize N credit of brachiaria and sugarcane. The urea demonstrated to be an excellent enhancer of brachiaria N credit, but it was not adequate for sugarcane residues. Based on our result, the accumulation and incorporation of CR can be considered as N credit with a positive contribution in soil-N.

scholarly journals How Does N Mineral Fertilizer Influence the Crop Residue N Credit?

Nitrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Risely Ferraz-Almeida ◽  
Natália da Silva ◽  
Beno Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
C And N ◽  
Set Up

In no-tillage systems, there is an accumulation of crop residues (CR), which plays an essential role in the availability of soil-N. A study was set up to provide information regarding the N credit and the influence of N mineral fertilizer. There was the addition of a similar rate of residue (10 Mg ha−1; sugarcane, soybean, and brachiaria) and N mineral fertilizer (urea; 120 kg N ha−1) in loam soil. After the stabilization of biological activity (73 days), soil and remaining residues were collected, and C and N monitored. The results showed that the N credit was positive with the application of soybean, sugarcane, and brachiaria. There was a positive balance of the soybean N credit in soil with a reduction from 2.49 to 0.90 g kg−1 of N in remaining residue, and a direct increase of 90% of soil-N. There is no need of N fertilizer to potentialize the soybean N credit, but it is required to potentialize N credit of brachiaria and sugarcane. The urea demonstrated to be an excellent enhancer of brachiaria N credit, but it was not adequate for sugarcane residues. Based on our result, the accumulation and incorporation of CR can be considered as N credit with a positive contribution in soil-N.

scholarly journals How Does N Mineral Fertilizer Influence the Crop Residue N Credit?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risely Ferraz-Almeida ◽  
Natália Lopes da Silva ◽  
Beno Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Expressive Performance ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Set Up

In no-tillage systems, there is an accumulation of crop residues (CR) which plays an important role in available of soil-N. A study was set up to provide information regarding the CR N credit, and the influence of N mineral fertilizer. An incubation was run in a loam soil with addition of a similar rate of residue (10 Mg ha-1; sugarcane, soybean, and brachiaria) and N mineral fertilizer (urea; 120 kg N ha-1). After the stabilization of biological activity, soil and remaining residues were collected, and N monitored. Results showed that the N credit was positive with application of soybean, sugarcane, and brachiaria. There was an expressive performance of soybean N credit represented by a positive balance, and a reduction from 2.49 to 0.9 g kg-1 of N in residue, with direct increase of 90% of soil-N. There is no need of N fertilizer to potentialize the soybean N credit, but it is requested to potentialize N credit of brachiaria and sugarcane. The urea demonstrated be a good enhancer of brachiaria N credit, but it was not adequate to sugarcane residues. Based in our result, the accumulation and incorporation of CR can be considered as a N credit with positive contribution in soil-N.

scholarly journals Organo-Mineral Interactions Are More Important for Organic Matter Retention in Subsoil Than Topsoil

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Poirier ◽  
Isabelle Basile-Doelsch ◽  
Jérôme Balesdent ◽  
Daniel Borschneck ◽  
Joann K. Whalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Autochthonous Organic Matter ◽  
C And N

Decomposing crop residues contribute to soil organic matter (SOM) accrual; however, the factors driving the fate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil fractions are still largely unknown, especially the influence of soil mineralogy and autochthonous organic matter concentration. The objectives of this work were (1) to evaluate the retention of C and N from crop residue in the form of occluded and mineral-associated SOM in topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (30–70 cm) previously incubated for 51 days with 13C-15N-labelled corn residues, and (2) to explore if specific minerals preferentially control the retention of residue-derived C and N in topsoil and subsoil. We used topsoil and subsoil having similar texture and mineralogy as proxies for soils being rich (i.e., topsoil) and poor (i.e., subsoil) in autochthonous organic matter. We performed a sequential density fractionation procedure and measured residue-derived C and N in occluded and mineral-associated SOM fractions, and used X-ray diffraction analysis of soil density fractions to investigate their mineralogy. In accordance with our hypothesis, the retention of C and N from crop residue through organo-mineral interactions was greater in subsoil than topsoil. The same minerals were involved in the retention of residue-derived organic matter in topsoil and subsoil, but the residue-derived organic matter was associated with a denser fraction in the subsoil (i.e., 2.5–2.6 g cm−3) than in the topsoil (i.e., 2.3–2.5 g cm−3). In soils and soil horizons with high clay content and reactive minerals, we find that a low SOM concentration leads to the rapid stabilization of C and N from newly added crop residues.

Effect of crop residue incorporation and crop residue quality on soil N2O emissions and respiration - A laboratory measurement approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Havermann ◽  
Klaus Butterbach-Bahl ◽  
Baldur Janz ◽  
Florian Engelsberger ◽  
Maria Ernfors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Residue Incorporation ◽  
The Impact

<p>Crop residues are a significant source for soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and major component affecting the C storage in arable soils. The balance between C sequestration and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions is delicate and depends on the type of residues and its management. Thus, residue management might be a feasible option to reduce the GHG footprint of crop production. However, the mitigation potential of residue management is highly variable and strongly affected by the crop residue quality (C and N content, C:N ratio, concentrations of lignin, cellulose and solutes), field management (incorporation depth, amount applied) as well as soil physical and soil biogeochemical properties. In the frame of the EU-ERAGAS project RESIDUEGAS, we investigated the impact of different crop residue qualities on soil respiration and reactive N fluxes as well as soil ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) concentrations in order to test and possibly improve existing IPCC emission factors for GHG emissions from crop residue management.</p><p>In this study, we used sieved and homogenized soil columns of 8 cm height and 12 cm diameter filled with arable soil taken from a site near Gießen, Germany. Soil columns were incubated in the laboratory for 60 days at constant soil temperature (15°C) and water-filled pore space (60 %). Residues from nine different crops (oilseed rape, winter wheat, field pea, maize, potato, mustard, red clover, sugar beet, ryegrass) were re-wetted according to field moisture level and incorporated over approx. 0-4 cm topsoil layer one week after soil re-wetting and start of the measurements. The CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O (as well as NO and NH<sub>3</sub>) fluxes were measured automatically using a dynamic chamber approach. Soil samples were additionally analyzed for soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentrations at specific time steps during the experiment.</p><p>Re-wetting of the dry soil immediately resulted in a sharp increase of soil N<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, which, however, was less pronounced than peak emissions following residue incorporation. Those were 4-5 times higher as compared to soil cores without residue amendment. Elevated emissions were short-lived and declined to background levels within 10 days for N<sub>2</sub>O and within 30 days for CO<sub>2</sub>. However, a small but significant period of higher than background N<sub>2</sub>O emissions was observed in the second half of the incubation period, which might be directly related to the decomposition of slower decomposable organic matter such as lignin and cellulose from crop residues. Generally, the emission magnitude was strongly affected by the crop residue quality, with highest N<sub>2</sub>O as well as CO<sub>2</sub> emissions being calculated for residues with a narrow C:N ratio. However, C:N ratio was not the single explaining factor. The range of calculated emission factors (fraction of cumulatively emitted N<sub>2</sub>O-N to crop residue N input) over a 60 day period was larger than the range given by IPCC in 2006.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral N on C and N Dynamics of Rice and Wheat Residues under Different Moisture Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Ljaz Ali ◽  
Ghulam Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
C And N

Crop residue mineralization affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics during crop residue management in crop production. C and N mineralization dynamics of rice and wheat residues incorporated with and without mineral N under two moisture conditions were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Mineral N was applied @ 0.015 g/Kg (»30 Kg/ha), whereas soil moisture was maintained at high (» – 15 KPa, near field capacity) and at low (» – 500 KPa)moisture levels during course of study.Periodic determinations on CO2 – C and N mineralized were performed over a period of 120 days. The highest peaks for CO2 – C occurred during first week of the study which then reduced gradually until it attained an equilibrium. High moisture level enhanced CO2 – C flux by 14% than low moisture level. Combined application of crop residues and mineral N released 17% more CO2 – C than crop residue treatments without mineral N.In residue applied treatments, immobilization was 40% higher at high moisture level than that at low moisture level. Application of rice and wheat residues in combination with mineral N caused both immobilizations followed by mineralization phases at both moisture levels. At high moisture level, maximum immobilization occurred during initial 15 days, while at low moisture level it continued till about 30 days. After day15, mineralization started which continued to increase during remaining period of study at high moisture and at low moisture mineralization initiated from day 60 onward. Mineralization in rice residue was faster than that in wheat residues. Immobilization of N continued progressively in residue alone treated soils at both moisture levels during study period. In residue treated soils, increase in soil moisture increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil water stable aggregates (WSA) significantly by 14% and 55% over control respectively.Combined application of crop residues and mineral N increased SOC by 43% and WSA by 59%. This study indicated that incorporation of crop residues along with addition of mineral N in the presence of optimum moisture promoted its faster decomposition with a quicker mineral N release, more organic matter build up and soil structure improvement than crop residues incorporated without mineral N. 

Crop residue ashes reduce leaching, persistence and bioavailability of sulfosulfuron and pretilachlor used in the succeeding crop

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Neera Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Straw Ash

Ash produced during burning of crop biomass may affect the behaviour of herbicides applied in the crops sown after burning. Therefore, the effect of wheat straw ash (WSA) on pretilachlor and rice straw ash (RSA) on sulfosulfuron leaching, degradation and bioactivity in soils was studied. Both ash types reduced downward mobility of respective herbicides, but the effect varied with soil type and dose of ash. Effect was greater in the sandy loam soil because masking of ash was observed in the clay loam soil. Pretilachlor degradation studies indicated that the WSA enhanced degradation and effect was greater in the flooded soil where 0.2% ash reduced the half-life (t1/2) by nearly half, whereas increasing the ash content to 0.5% slightly increased the t1/2 values. The effect of RSA on sulfosulfuron degradation was significant in the sandy loam soil. A pot culture study in wheat also confirmed these results. The effect of the WSA on the bioavailability of sulfosulfuron was assayed by observing its effect on mustard seedlings and results suggested that even 0.1% WSA reduced herbicide availability. Burning of crop residues on field is a major concern due to air pollution, but also affects the fate of soil-applied herbicides. Our study has implications in assaying the role of crop ashes on pesticide fate in soils where crop residues are burned regularly.

A bioassay for prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin detection and quantification in soil and crop residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaseen Khalil ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
Phil Ward ◽  
Colin Piggin ◽  
Sze How Bong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Loam Soil

Three experiments were conducted to develop a bioassay method for assessing the bioavailability of prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin in both crop residue and soil. In preliminary experiments, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) were tested as bioassay plant species for the three pre-emergent herbicides. Four growth parameters (shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight) were measured for all plant species. Shoot-length inhibition was identified as the most responsive to the herbicide application rates. Italian ryegrass was the most sensitive species to all tested herbicides, whereas beetroot and cucumber had lower and similar sensitivity to shoot inhibition for the three herbicides. The bioassay species performed similarly in wheat and canola residues collected a few days after harvest. In bioassay calibration experiments, dose–response curves were developed for prosulfocarb, pyroxasulfone and trifluralin in a sandy loam soil typical of the grain belt of Western Australia and with wheat residue. The developed bioassay uses ryegrass shoot inhibition for relatively low suspected concentrations of herbicide, and cucumber shoot inhibition for higher rates. The bioassay was validated by spraying the three herbicides separately onto wheat residue and soil and comparing the concentrations derived from chemical analysis with those from the bioassay. All of the linear correlations between concentrations derived from chemical analyses and the bioassays were highly significant. These results indicate that the bioassay calibration curves are suitable for estimating herbicide concentrations in crop residue collected soon after harvest and a sandy-loam soil, low in organic matter.

Short-term C and N dynamics in a soil amended with pig slurry and barley straw: a field experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H Chantigny ◽  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis A Angers
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C And N

Interactions between animal slurries and crop residues can impact on soil N availability during decomposition. Our objective was to study the short-term decomposition of pig slurry and barley straw incorporated alone or in combination. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam unamended (control) or amended with 60 m3 ha–1 pig slurry (PS) or 4 Mg ha–1 barley straw (BS), or both (PSBS). Surface CO2 and N2O fluxes, soil water content and temperature, microbial biomass C, and NO3− and NH4+ contents were monitored during 28 d in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer. Large CO2 fluxes occurred during the first 4 h of the experiment in slurry-amended plots that were attributed to carbonate dissociation when slurry was mixed to the soil. Specific respiration activity (ratio of CO2-C fluxes-to-microbial biomass C) was increased in slurry-amended soils for the first 7 d, likely due to the rapid oxidation of volatile fatty acids present in slurry. After 28 d, 26% more C had been evolved in PSBS than the sum of C released from PS and BS, indicating a synergistic interaction during decomposition of combined amendments. Adding straw caused a net but transient immobilisation of soil N, especially in PSBS plots where 36% of slurry-added NH4+ was immobilised after 3 d. Slurry-NH4+ was rapidly nitrified (within 10 d), but N2O production was not a significant source of N loss during this study, representing less than 0.3% of slurry-added NH4+. Nevertheless, about twice the amount of N2O was produced in PS than in PSBS after 28 d, reflecting lower soil N availability in the presence of straw. Our study clearly illustrates the strong interaction existing between soil C and N cycles under field conditions as slurry mineral N appeared to stimulate straw-C mineralisation, whereas straw addition caused a net immobilisation of slurry N. Key words: Animal slurry, crop residues, C-N relationships, organic amendments

Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Harrison ◽  
Sharon Ellis ◽  
Roy Cross ◽  
James Harrison Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Loam Soil

Effect The Treatments of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Content of N P K of Soil Cultivated With Crop Corn (Zea Mays L).

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aajmi Salman ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Loam Soil

Beneficial microorganisms play a key role in the availability of ions minerals in the soil and use Randomized Complete Block Desing ( R.C.B.D ). The objective of this paper to the study effect of the of biofertilizer and miniral treatments on availability of NPK for crop corn zea mays L.Two types of biofertilizer are Bacterial Bacillus subtilis and Fungal Trichoderma harianum. Three levels of potassium fertilizer are (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533). A field experiment in fall season of 2018 Has been conducted in silty clay loam soil. The experimental Results indicated that Bacillus and Trichoderma inoculation separately or together Have made a significant effect to increase in the availability of N P K in the soil compare to other treatments. The grain yield is where (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533) of bacterial and fungal bio-fertilizer and potassium fertilizers respectively as compared to the control.

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