scholarly journals Organo-Mineral Interactions Are More Important for Organic Matter Retention in Subsoil Than Topsoil

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Poirier ◽  
Isabelle Basile-Doelsch ◽  
Jérôme Balesdent ◽  
Daniel Borschneck ◽  
Joann K. Whalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Autochthonous Organic Matter ◽  
C And N

Decomposing crop residues contribute to soil organic matter (SOM) accrual; however, the factors driving the fate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil fractions are still largely unknown, especially the influence of soil mineralogy and autochthonous organic matter concentration. The objectives of this work were (1) to evaluate the retention of C and N from crop residue in the form of occluded and mineral-associated SOM in topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (30–70 cm) previously incubated for 51 days with 13C-15N-labelled corn residues, and (2) to explore if specific minerals preferentially control the retention of residue-derived C and N in topsoil and subsoil. We used topsoil and subsoil having similar texture and mineralogy as proxies for soils being rich (i.e., topsoil) and poor (i.e., subsoil) in autochthonous organic matter. We performed a sequential density fractionation procedure and measured residue-derived C and N in occluded and mineral-associated SOM fractions, and used X-ray diffraction analysis of soil density fractions to investigate their mineralogy. In accordance with our hypothesis, the retention of C and N from crop residue through organo-mineral interactions was greater in subsoil than topsoil. The same minerals were involved in the retention of residue-derived organic matter in topsoil and subsoil, but the residue-derived organic matter was associated with a denser fraction in the subsoil (i.e., 2.5–2.6 g cm−3) than in the topsoil (i.e., 2.3–2.5 g cm−3). In soils and soil horizons with high clay content and reactive minerals, we find that a low SOM concentration leads to the rapid stabilization of C and N from newly added crop residues.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Management for Sustenance of Natural Resources and Agriculture Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Anita Jaswal ◽  
Arshdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Crop Residue Management

Crop residue management (CRM) through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by preserving soil organic matter (SOM) levels. Two major benefits of surface-residue management are improved organic matter (OM) near the soil surface and boosted nutrient cycling and preservation. Larger microbial biomass and activity near the soil surface act as a pool for nutrients desirable in crop production and enhance structural stability for increased infiltration. In addition to the altered nutrient distribution within the soil profile, changes also occur in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Improved soil C sequestration through enhanced CRM is a cost-effective option for reducing agriculture's impact on the environment. Ideally, CRM practices should be selected to optimize crop yields with negligible adverse effects on the environment. Crop residues of common agricultural crops are chief resources, not only as sources of nutrients for subsequent crops but also for amended soil, water and air quality. Maintaining and managing crop residues in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many producers and more importantly to society. Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of their beneficial role in reducing soil degradation and increasing soil productivity. Thus, farmers have a responsibility in making management decisions that will enable them to optimize crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. Multi-disciplinary and integrated efforts by a wide variety of scientists are required to design the best site-specific systems for CRM practices to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Tillage Effects on Spatiotemporal Variability of Particulate Organic Matter

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhwan Lee ◽  
Emilio A. Laca ◽  
Chris van Kessel ◽  
Dennis E. Rolston ◽  
Jan W. Hopmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil C ◽  
No Till ◽  
C And N ◽  
Term Field

This study was performed to evaluate effects of no-till (NT) and standard tillage (ST) on POM in two 15-ha neighboring fields from 2003 to 2004. We also evaluated the effects of minimum tillage (MT) on POM after both NT and ST fields were converted to MT in the summer of 2005. We quantified C and N stocks of three size fractions (53–250, 250–1000, and 1000–2000 μm) of POM (0–0.15 m depth). The POM-C 53–250 μmand 250–1000 μmfractions decreased by 25% and 36% after six months under ST, whereas relatively little change occurred under NT, suggesting significant tillage effects over the period 2003-2004. Only small changes in POM content then occurred under MT on both fields. Changes in POM-N were similar to POM-C changes upon tillage conversions. This suggests that reduced tillage did not lead to soil C increase compared to ST but may help maintain the level of soil C for a typical California farming system. Short-term, field level variability of POM was primarily affected by tillage and was further influenced by clay content, bulk density, and scale of observation.

scholarly journals How Does N Mineral Fertilizer Influence the Crop Residue N Credit?

Nitrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Risely Ferraz-Almeida ◽  
Natália Lopes da Silva ◽  
Beno Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
C And N ◽  
Set Up

In no-tillage systems, there is an accumulation of crop residues (CR), which plays an essential role in the availability of soil-N. A study was set up to provide information regarding the N credit and the influence of N mineral fertilizer. There was the addition of a similar rate of residue (10 Mg ha−1; sugarcane, soybean, and brachiaria) and N mineral fertilizer (urea; 120 kg N ha−1) in loam soil. After the stabilization of biological activity (73 days), soil and remaining residues were collected, and C and N monitored. The results showed that the N credit was positive with the application of soybean, sugarcane, and brachiaria. There was a positive balance of the soybean N credit in soil with a reduction from 2.49 to 0.90 g kg−1 of N in remaining residue, and a direct increase of 90% of soil-N. There is no need of N fertilizer to potentialize the soybean N credit, but it is required to potentialize N credit of brachiaria and sugarcane. The urea demonstrated to be an excellent enhancer of brachiaria N credit, but it was not adequate for sugarcane residues. Based on our result, the accumulation and incorporation of CR can be considered as N credit with a positive contribution in soil-N.

scholarly journals How Does N Mineral Fertilizer Influence the Crop Residue N Credit?

Nitrogen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Risely Ferraz-Almeida ◽  
Natália da Silva ◽  
Beno Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
C And N ◽  
Set Up

In no-tillage systems, there is an accumulation of crop residues (CR), which plays an essential role in the availability of soil-N. A study was set up to provide information regarding the N credit and the influence of N mineral fertilizer. There was the addition of a similar rate of residue (10 Mg ha−1; sugarcane, soybean, and brachiaria) and N mineral fertilizer (urea; 120 kg N ha−1) in loam soil. After the stabilization of biological activity (73 days), soil and remaining residues were collected, and C and N monitored. The results showed that the N credit was positive with the application of soybean, sugarcane, and brachiaria. There was a positive balance of the soybean N credit in soil with a reduction from 2.49 to 0.90 g kg−1 of N in remaining residue, and a direct increase of 90% of soil-N. There is no need of N fertilizer to potentialize the soybean N credit, but it is required to potentialize N credit of brachiaria and sugarcane. The urea demonstrated to be an excellent enhancer of brachiaria N credit, but it was not adequate for sugarcane residues. Based on our result, the accumulation and incorporation of CR can be considered as N credit with a positive contribution in soil-N.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral N on C and N Dynamics of Rice and Wheat Residues under Different Moisture Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Ljaz Ali ◽  
Ghulam Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
High Moisture Level ◽  
C And N

Crop residue mineralization affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics during crop residue management in crop production. C and N mineralization dynamics of rice and wheat residues incorporated with and without mineral N under two moisture conditions were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Mineral N was applied @ 0.015 g/Kg (»30 Kg/ha), whereas soil moisture was maintained at high (» – 15 KPa, near field capacity) and at low (» – 500 KPa)moisture levels during course of study.Periodic determinations on CO2 – C and N mineralized were performed over a period of 120 days. The highest peaks for CO2 – C occurred during first week of the study which then reduced gradually until it attained an equilibrium. High moisture level enhanced CO2 – C flux by 14% than low moisture level. Combined application of crop residues and mineral N released 17% more CO2 – C than crop residue treatments without mineral N.In residue applied treatments, immobilization was 40% higher at high moisture level than that at low moisture level. Application of rice and wheat residues in combination with mineral N caused both immobilizations followed by mineralization phases at both moisture levels. At high moisture level, maximum immobilization occurred during initial 15 days, while at low moisture level it continued till about 30 days. After day15, mineralization started which continued to increase during remaining period of study at high moisture and at low moisture mineralization initiated from day 60 onward. Mineralization in rice residue was faster than that in wheat residues. Immobilization of N continued progressively in residue alone treated soils at both moisture levels during study period. In residue treated soils, increase in soil moisture increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil water stable aggregates (WSA) significantly by 14% and 55% over control respectively.Combined application of crop residues and mineral N increased SOC by 43% and WSA by 59%. This study indicated that incorporation of crop residues along with addition of mineral N in the presence of optimum moisture promoted its faster decomposition with a quicker mineral N release, more organic matter build up and soil structure improvement than crop residues incorporated without mineral N. 

C and N in soil organic matter density fractions under elevated atmospheric CO2: Turnover vs. stabilization

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Dorodnikov ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
Andreas Fangmeier ◽  
Guido L.B. Wiesenberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
C And N

Long-term effects of tillage and crop rotations on soil organic C and total N in a clay soil in southwestern Saskatchewan

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
D. Curtin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Cropping Frequency ◽  
C And N

Soil organic matter contributes to the productivity and physical well-being of soils. An 11-yr study was conducted on a clay soil in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan to determine the influence of tillage and cropping frequency on soil organic C and total N content. Carbon and N behaved in a similar manner. Cropping frequency did not affect soil organic C or total N content, but soil C and N were greater under no-tillage (NT) than under mechanically tilled continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Cont W) and fallow-wheat (F-W) rotations. Effects were apparent in the 0– to 7.5– and 7.5– to 15-cm depths. Over the 11-yr period, F-W (minimum tillage) gained no additional C; Cont W (conventional tillage) gained 2 t C ha−1, and both Cont W (NT) and F-W (NT) gained 5 t C ha−1. Changes in organic C and N were greatest in the final 4 yr of the experiment when crop residue production was greatest. Using data from two similar experiments conducted during the same period on soils differing in texture, we demonstrated that C gains were directly related to clay content of the soils. Thus, when attempting to estimate C storage in soils, we must consider both residue input and soil clay content. Key words: Organic C, total N, organic matter, soil texture, bulk density

Relating particulate organic matter-nitrogen (POM-N) and non-POM-N with pulse crop residues, residue management and cereal N uptake

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Schwenke ◽  
Warwick L. Felton ◽  
David F. Herridge ◽  
Dil F. Khan ◽  
Mark B. Peoples
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Pulse Crop

Using Decomposition Kinetics to Model the Removal of Mine Water Pollutants in Constructed Wetlands

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Tarutis ◽  
Richard F. Unz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Reaction Stoichiometry

Although numerous mathematical models have been used to describe decomposition, few, if any, have been used to model the removal of pollutants in constructed wetlands. A steady-state model based on decomposition kinetics and reaction stoichiometry has been developed which simulates the removal of ferrous iron entering wetlands constructed for mine drainage treatment. Input variables for the model include organic matter concentration, reaction rate coefficient, porosity and dry density, and hydraulic detention time. Application of the model assumes complete anaerobic conditions within the entire substrate profile, constant temperature, no additional organic matter input, and subsurface flow only. For these ideal conditions, model simulations indicate that wetlands constructed with readily decomposable substrates rich in organic carbon are initially capable of removing far greater amounts of iron than wetlands built with less biodegradable substrates. However, after three to five years of operation this difference becomes negligible. For acceptable long-term treatment performance, therefore, periodic additions of decomposable organic matter will be required.

Influence of elevated soil temperature and biochar application on organic matter associated with aggregate-size and density fractions in an arable soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Grunwald ◽  
Michael Kaiser ◽  
Simone Junker ◽  
Sven Marhan ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Density Fractions
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