scholarly journals Catalytic Approaches to Multicomponent Reactions: A Critical Review and Perspectives on the Roles of Catalysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Brenno A. D. Neto ◽  
Rafael O. Rocha ◽  
Marcelo O. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Reaction Route ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Shortening Reaction ◽  
Byproduct Formation

In this review, we comprehensively describe catalyzed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and the multiple roles of catalysis combined with key parameters to perform these transformations. Besides improving yields and shortening reaction times, catalysis is vital to achieving greener protocols and to furthering the MCR field of research. Considering that MCRs typically have two or more possible reaction pathways to explain the transformation, catalysis is essential for selecting a reaction route and avoiding byproduct formation. Key parameters, such as temperature, catalyst amounts and reagent quantities, were analyzed. Solvent effects, which are likely the most neglected topic in MCRs, as well as their combined roles with catalysis, are critically discussed. Stereocontrolled MCRs, rarely observed without the presence of a catalytic system, are also presented and discussed in this review. Perspectives on the use of catalytic systems for improved and greener MCRs are finally presented.

Nickel (II) and oxovanadium (IV) complexes supported on MCM-41 mesoporous and their application in catalytic selective sulfide and thiol oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Nikoorazm ◽  
Maryam Khanmoradi ◽  
Masoumeh Sayadian
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Mcm 41

Introduction:: MCM-41 was synthesized using the sol-gel method. Then two new transition metal complexes of Nickel (II) and Vanadium (IV), were synthesized by immobilization of adenine (6-aminopurine) into MCM-41 mesoporous. The compounds have been characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM, AAS and FT-IR spectral studies. Using these catalysts provided an efficient and enantioselective procedure for oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and oxidative coupling of thiols to their corresponding disulfides using hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. Materials and Methods:: To a solution of sulfide or thiol (1 mmol) and H2O2 (5 mmol), a determined amount of the catalyst was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for the specific time under solvent free conditions. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC using n-hexane: acetone (8:2). Afterwards, the catalyst was removed from the reaction mixture by centrifugation and, then, washed with dichloromethane in order to give the pure products. Results:: All the products were obtained in excellent yields and short reaction times indicating the high activity of the synthesized catalysts. Besides, the catalysts can be recovered and reused for several runs without significant loss in their catalytic activity. Conclusion:: These catalytic systems furnish the products very quickly with excellent yields and VO-6AP-MCM-41 shows high catalytic activity compared to Ni-6AP-MCM-41.

Recent advance in ester synthesis by Multi Component Reactions (MCRs): A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval B. Patel ◽  
Jagruti A. Parmar ◽  
Siddharth S. Patel ◽  
Unnati J. Naik ◽  
Hitesh D. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Ester Synthesis ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Ester Linkage ◽  
The One

: The synthesis of ester containing heterocyclic compounds via multicomponent reaction is one of the most preferable process in the synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Compounds containing ester linkage have a wide range of biological application in the pharmaceutical field. Therefore, many method have been developed for the synthesis of these type of derivatives. However, some of them are carried out in the presence of toxic solvents and catalysts, with lower yields, longer reaction times, low selectivities and by-products. Thus, the development of new synthetic methods for the ester synthesis is required in the medicinal chemistry. As we know, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a powerful tool towards the one-pot ester synthesis, so in this article we have reviewed the recent developments in ester synthesis. This work covers selected explanation of methods via multicomponent reactions to explore the methodological development in ester synthesis.

scholarly journals Revisiting Catalytic Cycles: A Broader View Through the Energy Span Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Garay-Ruiz ◽  
Carles Bo
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Co2 Hydrogenation ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Computational Code ◽  
Catalytic Cycles

<div><div><div><p>The computational study of catalytic processes allows discovering really intricate and detailed reaction mechanisms that involve many species and transformations. This increasing level of detail can even result detrimental when drawing conclusions from the computed mechanism, as many co-existing reaction pathways can be in close com- petence. Here we present a reaction network-based implementation of the energy span model in the form of a computational code, gTOFfee, capable of dealing with any user-specified reaction network. This approach, compared to microkinetic simulations, enables a much easier and straightforward analysis of the performance of any catalytic reaction network. In this communication, we will go through the foundations and appli- cability of the underlying model, and will tackle the application to two relevant catalytic systems: homogeneous Co-mediated propene hydroformylation and heterogeneous CO2 hydrogenation over Cu(111).</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Transformation of Carbohydrates Into Valuable Platform Chemicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Chen ◽  
Kun Wan ◽  
Fangjuan Zheng ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Selective Transformation ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Broad Interest

In response to the less accessible fossil resources and deteriorating environmental problems, catalytic conversion of the abundant and renewable lignocellulosic biomass to replace fossil resources for the production of value-added chemicals and fuels is of great importance. Depolymerization of carbohydrate and its derivatives can obtain a series of C5-C6 monosaccharides (e.g., glucose and xylose) and their derived platform compounds (e.g., HMF and furfural). Selective transformation of lignocellulose using sustainable solar energy via photocatalysis has attract broad interest from a growing scientific community. The unique photogenerated reactive species (e.g., h+, e−, •OH, •O2−, and 1O2), novel reaction pathways as well as the mild reaction conditions make photocatalysis a “dream reaction.” This review is aimed to provide an overview of the up-to-date contributions achieved in the selective photocatalytic transformation of carbohydrate and its derivatives. Photocatalytic methods, properties and merits of different catalytic systems are well summarized. We then put forward future perspective and challenges in this field.

An evaluation of solvent effects and ethanol oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhan Mei ◽  
Nathaniel Deskins
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Ethanol Oxidation ◽  
Surface Reactions ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Metal Interfaces ◽  
Favorable Reaction

Understanding liquid-metal interfaces in catalysis is important, as the liquid can speed up surface reactions, increase the selectivity of products, and open up new favorable reaction pathways. In this work...

scholarly journals Multicomponent reactions (MCRs): a useful access to the synthesis of benzo-fused γ-lactams

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1065-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edorta Martínez de Marigorta ◽  
Jesús M de Los Santos ◽  
Ana M Ochoa de Retana ◽  
Javier Vicario ◽  
Francisco Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Catalytic Systems

Benzo-fused γ-lactam rings such as isoindolin-2-ones and 2-oxindoles are part of the structure of many pharmaceutically active molecules. They can be often synthesized by means of multicomponent approaches and recent contributions in this field are summarized in this review. Clear advantages of these methods include the efficiency in saving raw materials and working time. However, there is still a need of new catalytic systems to allow the enantioselective preparation of these heterocycles by multicomponent reactions.

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