scholarly journals Multicomponent reactions (MCRs): a useful access to the synthesis of benzo-fused γ-lactams

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1065-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edorta Martínez de Marigorta ◽  
Jesús M de Los Santos ◽  
Ana M Ochoa de Retana ◽  
Javier Vicario ◽  
Francisco Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Catalytic Systems

Benzo-fused γ-lactam rings such as isoindolin-2-ones and 2-oxindoles are part of the structure of many pharmaceutically active molecules. They can be often synthesized by means of multicomponent approaches and recent contributions in this field are summarized in this review. Clear advantages of these methods include the efficiency in saving raw materials and working time. However, there is still a need of new catalytic systems to allow the enantioselective preparation of these heterocycles by multicomponent reactions.

scholarly journals New methods of acid hydrolysis of cellulose and plant raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
V. S. Boltovsky
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Prospects for the development of hydrolysis production are determined by the relevance of industrial use of plant biomass to replace the declining reserves of fossil organic raw materials and increasing demand for ethanol, especially for its use as automobile fuel, protein-containing feed additives that compensate for protein deficiency in feed production, and other products. Based on the review of the research results presented in the scientific literature, the analysis of modern methods of liquid-phase acid hydrolysis of cellulose and various types of plant raw materials, including those that differ from traditional ones, is performed. The main directions of increasing its efficiency through the use of new catalytic systems and process conditions are identified. It is shown that the most promising methods for obtaining monosaccharides in hydrolytic processing of cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose, pentosan-containing agricultural waste and wood, are methods for carrying out the process at elevated and supercritical temperatures (high-temperature hydrolysis), the use of new types of solid-acid catalysts and ionic liquids. 

scholarly journals Catalytic Approaches to Multicomponent Reactions: A Critical Review and Perspectives on the Roles of Catalysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Brenno A. D. Neto ◽  
Rafael O. Rocha ◽  
Marcelo O. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Reaction Route ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Shortening Reaction ◽  
Byproduct Formation

In this review, we comprehensively describe catalyzed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and the multiple roles of catalysis combined with key parameters to perform these transformations. Besides improving yields and shortening reaction times, catalysis is vital to achieving greener protocols and to furthering the MCR field of research. Considering that MCRs typically have two or more possible reaction pathways to explain the transformation, catalysis is essential for selecting a reaction route and avoiding byproduct formation. Key parameters, such as temperature, catalyst amounts and reagent quantities, were analyzed. Solvent effects, which are likely the most neglected topic in MCRs, as well as their combined roles with catalysis, are critically discussed. Stereocontrolled MCRs, rarely observed without the presence of a catalytic system, are also presented and discussed in this review. Perspectives on the use of catalytic systems for improved and greener MCRs are finally presented.

scholarly journals New Supports for Carbon-Metal Catalytic Systems Based on Shungite and Carbonizates of Plant Raw Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Tokpayev ◽  
A.A. Atchabarova ◽  
S.A. Abdullayeva ◽  
S.V. Nechipurenko ◽  
S.A. Yefremov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Homogeneous Surface ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Catalyst Systems

<p>In this paper, new carbon containing materials based on products of shungite ore enrichment and carbonizates of plant raw materials were studied. The phase transformations occurring during the carbonization process were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the surface topography. It was established that supports based on plant raw materials have more developed and homogeneous surface. Specific surface area and porosity was studied by BET (Method of Brunauer-Emmet Taylor). It was found that supports based on plant raw materials have developed microporous surface (383–480 m<sup>2</sup>/g), with predominant micropores on the surface with dimensions of 1.8–2.5 nm. The mechanical strength of the obtained supports is higher than their industrial analogs and it equals 53–91%. Conversion of methylbutynol on active centers of supports was studied. Supports based on plant raw materials have basic active sites whereby they can be used in base catalysis. Supports based on carbon-mineral raw materials possess acid and basic active sites and they can be used to prepare bidirectional type action of catalysts. Conducted research have shown the possibility of using these materials as supports for creating carbon-metal catalyst systems.</p>

scholarly journals Silver and gold-catalyzed multicomponent reactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 481-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Abbiati ◽  
Elisabetta Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Gold Salts

Silver and gold salts and complexes mainly act as soft and carbophilic Lewis acids even if their use as σ-activators has been rarely reported. Recently, transformations involving Au(I)/Au(III)-redox catalytic systems have been reported in the literature. In this review we highlight all these aspects of silver and gold-mediated processes and their application in multicomponent reactions.

scholarly journals MAIN PRE-DESIGN OF THE PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BENZENE-1,2,4,5-TETRACARBOXYLIC ACID

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
S. S. Zakharov ◽  
T. V. Chelyuskina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Tetracarboxylic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

Preliminary studies on the initial stage of the development of the industrial process for producing the desired product play a decisive role in choosing the type of raw materials and an efficient catalytic system. These parameters determine the number of possible waste byproducts, the target product purity and the resulting energy costs. In this article we compared the choice of raw materials and catalytic systems for the industrial scale production of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid, which is widely used in the production of organic products of great economic importance.

scholarly journals HOMOGENEOUS VINYLATION OF 2-HYDROXY-2 PHENYLETHANICAL ACID

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Parmanov A.B. ◽  
Nurmanov S.E. ◽  
Tomash Maniecki ◽  
Ziyadullayev O.E. ◽  
Abdullayev J.U.
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Mandelic Acid ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Vinyl Esters ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Ethylene Series

Homogeneous-catalytical vinylation of 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethanical acid was carried out. Influence of catalylists nature, temperature and duration reaction on yield of synthesized vinyl ester has been investigated. basis of natural raw materials. Based on vinyl esters of carboxylic acids, their polymers and copolymers with unsaturated compounds of the ethylene series, emulsifiers for emulsion paints have been obtained; compounds that improve the viscosity of lubricating oils and are used as crosslinking agents in the rubber industry. Synthesis of vinyl esters based on monobasic aliphatic acids has been studied by the example of acetic acid by many researchers. In this respect, the aromatic carboxylic acids remain unexplored. Goal: Synthesis of vinyl ester of mandelic acid by it’s reaction with acetylene in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, investigation of the influence of the nature of catalysts and the reaction temperature on the yield of obtained product. Methodology: Catalytic systems based on AlCl3∙6H2O or zinc salt of mandelic acid with dimethylsulfoxide were prepared and heterogeneous catalytic vinylation of mandelic acid with acetylene was carried out and it’s vinyl ether was obtained. Scientific Novelty. The synthesis of vinyl ester of mandelic acid with it’s reactions with acetylene using the catalytic systems AlCl3∙6H2O-DMSO and (C6H5CH(OH)COO)2Zn-DMSO was carried out. Obtained Data: The vinyl ester of mandelic acid was synthesized by it’s vinylation in stationary heterogeneous conditions. The influence of the nature of the catalyst (AlCl3∙6H2O, (C6H5CH(OH)COO)2Zn), temperature and duration of the reaction on the yield of the product was investigated. Features: vinylation of hydroxy carboxylic acid was investigated; the catalytic systems AlCl3∙6H2O-DMSO and (C6H5CH(OH)COO)2Zn-DMSO are used; factors influencing the yield of vinyl ester of mindalic acid and optimal conditions of it’s synthesis were found.

scholarly journals Research and development of hydrogen energy systems at the National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-148
Author(s):  
V. N. Fateev ◽  
V. N. Porembsky ◽  
S. A. Grigoriev ◽  
I. E. Baranov ◽  
S. V. Ostrovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Kurchatov Institute ◽  
Plasma Chemical ◽  
Catalytic Systems

This publication provides a brief overview of the materials of developments in promising areas of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies carried out by scientists and specialists at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", in particular: - plasma, plasma-chemical, beam technologies, hydrogen energy technologies to ensure environmental safety and environmental protection, including:methods and technologies based on plasma-chemical processes for the processing and synthesis of organic compounds, modeling of plasma and plasma-chemical processes;development of plasma-melt technologies for gasification of solid organic raw materials, • development of a plasmatron complex for waste processing;elements of hydrogen (atomic-hydrogen) energy, including plasma ones, which ensure an increase in energy efficiency and environmental safety in energy (including renewable energy) in transport; • plasma catalytic systems for the conversion of organic fuels;fuel cells and electrolytic cells with solid polymer electrolyte; • membrane and membrane catalytic systems for hydrogen production and purification;nanostructured electrocatalysts;ensuring hydrogen safety.The Kurchatov Institute is the founder and undisputed leader and coordinator of research and development in our country in a number of key areas of hydrogen energy.

scholarly journals Features of the influence of doping carbon sorbents,plant-based, iron nanoparticleson their behavior in the reaction of propane dehydrogenation

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nikita A. Panurin ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina B. Markova ◽  
Tatyana F. Sheshko ◽  
Alexander G. Cherednechenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Light Olefins ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Highly Active

This paper describes the synthesis of highly active and selective catalysts based on natural coal: Jerusalem artichoke, camelina, rape and wheat, and their modification with nanosized iron, for cracking associated petroleum gases (APG) using the example of propane, for solving the ecological problem of environmental pollution and the economic problem of raw materials for the production of a huge range of polymer materials used by mankind in almost all spheres of life. With the help of APG catalysis, an environmental problem can be solved. By sending APG for processing to obtain light olefins for the production of polymeric materials. Currently, catalysts using nanoparticles show high performance in selectivity, product yield, and so on. As the physical properties of nanoparticles affect their catalytic properties, and how catalyst fabrication parameters can in turn affect these physical properties, nanocatalysts can be designed that are highly active, highly selective, and reasonably stable. Also activated carbons from natural plant raw materials have very good adsorption properties, but the nature and kinetics of adsorption are determined not only by the type of natural raw materials, but also by the temperature and other parameters of the technological characteristics of the carbon materials obtained. Also, the use of catalysts in this area is environmentally beneficial, since it allows you to reduce the temperatures of the cracking processes and increase the yield of products of interest. The elemental composition of catalytic systems has been established. The acidity of catalytic systems of both natural coals modified with iron and simple natural coals has been established. A high catalytic activity of modified catalytic systems was revealed – the conversion of associated petroleum gas reaches a maximum at 900 K. A high selectivity in the formation of olefins, about 95% at the maximum conversion, for the obtained catalysts was established.

scholarly journals Catalytic Stereoselective Conversion of Biomass-Derived 4′-Methoxypropiophenone to Trans-Anethole with a Bifunctional and Recyclable Hf-Based Polymeric Nanocatalyst

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2808
Author(s):  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Mingrui Li ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Mpv Reduction

Anethole (AN) is widely used as an odor cleaner in daily necessities, and can also be applied in the fields of food additives, drug synthesis, natural preservatives, and polymeric materials’ preparation. Considering environmental and economic benefits, the use of biomass raw materials with non-precious metal catalysts to prepare high-value fine chemicals is a very promising route. Here, we developed an acid-base bifunctional polymeric material (PhP-Hf (1:1.5)) composed of hafnium and phenylphosphonate in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 for catalytic conversion of biomass-derived 4′-methoxypropiophenone (4-MOPP) to AN via cascade Meerwein–Pondorf–Verley (MPV) reduction and dehydration reactions in a single pot. Compared with the traditional catalytic systems that use high-pressure hydrogen as a hydrogen donor, alcohol can be used as a safer and more convenient hydrogen source and solvent. Among the tested alcohols, 2-pentanol was found to be the best candidate in terms of pronounced selectivity. A high AN yield of 98.1% at 99.8% 4-MOPP conversion (TOF: 8.5 h−1) could be achieved over PhP-Hf (1:1.5) at 220 °C for 2 h. Further exploration of the reaction mechanism revealed that the acid and base sites of PhP-Hf (1:1.5) catalyst synergistically promote the MPV reduction step, while the Brønsted acid species significantly contribute to the subsequent dehydration step. In addition, the PhP-Hf polymeric nanocatalyst can be recycled at least five times, showing great potential in the catalytic conversion of biomass.

Application of nature’s chiral pool in environmentally sustainable organic synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achinta Gogoi ◽  
Mezhubeinuo Solo ◽  
Stability Nongrum ◽  
Ghanashyam Bez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Efficient Strategy

: Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of environmentally sustainable organic processes that can stop eventual depletion of our eco-system with wider implications on the day-to-day practice in academic laboratories and industries. Use of biocompatible raw materials as catalyst, solvent, and synthetic precursors; continuous attempt to design ideal synthetic processes; and use of energy-efficient strategy such as multicomponent reactions have potential to achieve sustainable organic synthesis. In this review, it is aimed to discuss the applications of nature’s chiral pool such as amino acids, carbohydrates, and their readily accessible derivatives as catalyst, solvent and raw materials for synthesis of diverse molecular targets.

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