scholarly journals Characterization of Orange Peel Waste and Valorization to Obtain Reducing Sugars

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
José R. Ayala ◽  
Gisela Montero ◽  
Marcos A. Coronado ◽  
Conrado García ◽  
Mario A. Curiel-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
World Population ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Orange Peel Waste

Annually, millions of tons of foods are generated with the purpose to feed the growing world population. One particular eatable is orange, the production of which in 2018 was 75.54 Mt. One way to valorize the orange residue is to produce bioethanol by fermenting the reducing sugars generated from orange peel. Hence, the objective of the present work was to determine the experimental conditions to obtain the maximum yield of reducing sugars from orange peel using a diluted acid hydrolysis process. A proximate and chemical analysis of the orange peel were conducted. For the hydrolysis, two factorial designs were prepared to measure the glucose and fructose concentration with the 3,5-DNS acid method and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The factors were acid concentration, temperature and hydrolysis time. After the hydrolysis, the orange peel samples were subjected to an elemental SEM-EDS analysis. The results for the orange peel were 73.530% of moisture, 99.261% of volatiles, 0.052% of ash, 0.687% of fixed carbon, 19.801% of lignin, 69.096% of cellulose and 9.015% of hemicellulose. The highest concentration of glucose and fructose were 24.585 and 9.709 g/L, respectively. The results highlight that sugar production is increased by decreasing the acid concentration.

scholarly journals Response Surface Approach for Optimization of Protein Hydrolysis from Reutealis trisperma Cake as Potential Animal Feedstock

REAKTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Yuana Elly Agustin ◽  
Lieke - Riadi ◽  
Titie Prapti Utami
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
Rsm Model

The conditions for protein hydrolysis were optimized to prepare Reutealis trisperma cake for potential animal feedstock. The cake’s content was 34.03 % protein, 6.32 % moisture, 18.56 % total sugar, 15.58 % lipid and 25.51% others. Other components in cake could be fibre and lignin. The cake is a byproduct of mechanical pressing process of the seeds and contains high protein content (34.03%). It was ground prior the hydrolysis process. A central composite design including concentration of NaOH, ratio of cake to NaOH, time and temperature were used to develop second order model to predict protein content under various experimental conditions. Protein yield was primarily affected by ratio pressed cake to NaOH and concentration of NaOH. Based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model, maximum yield of protein was 11.33% which was obtained at cake/solvent ratio 1: 50; 1.5 % w/v NaOH; 15 minutes of hydrolysis at 40oC. The actual maximum protein yield from the experiment was obtained at cake/solvent ratio 1: 40; 1.5 % w/v NaOH; 20 minutes of hydrolysis at 45oC which was 21.28 %.Keywords: animal feedstock; protein hydrolysis; response surface; Reutealis trisperma

scholarly journals Purification and Characterization of a Unique Pectin Lyase from Aspergillus giganteus Able to Release Unsaturated Monogalacturonate during Pectin Degradation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Biscaro Pedrolli ◽  
Eleonora Cano Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Pectin Lyase ◽  
Soluble Product ◽  
Aspergillus Giganteus ◽  
Pectic Substances ◽  
Orange Peel Waste ◽  
Pectin Lyases ◽  
Vegetable Oil Extraction

A pectin lyase, named PLIII, was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of Aspergillus giganteus grown in submerged culture containing orange peel waste as carbon source. PLIII was able to digest apple pectin and citrus pectins with different degrees of methyl esterification. Interestingly, the PLIII activity was stimulated in the presence of some divalent cations including Pb2+ and was not significantly affected by Hg2+. Like other pectin lyases, PLIII is stimulated by but is not dependent on Ca2+. The main soluble product released during the degradation of pectic substances promoted by the PLIII is compatible with an unsaturated monogalacturonate. PLIII is a unique enzyme able to release unsaturated monogalacturonate as the only soluble product during the degradation of pectic substances; therefore, PLIII was classified as an exo-pectin lyase. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of an exo-pectin lyase. The PLIII described in this work is potentially useful for ethanol production from pectin-rich biomass, besides other common applications for alkaline pectinases like preparation of textile fibers, coffee and tea fermentation, vegetable oil extraction, and the treatment of pulp in papermaking.

scholarly journals Characterization of purified <i>β</i>-glucosidase produced from <i>Trichoderma viride</i> through bio-processing of orange peel waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
pp. 941-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Zahid Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Zahed Mahmood ◽  
Haq Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Orange Peel Waste

Preparation using Pectinase and Characterization of Nanofibers from Orange Peel Waste in Juice Factories

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. N1218-N1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Hideno ◽  
Kentaro Abe ◽  
Hiroyuki Yano
Keyword(s):  
Orange Peel ◽  
Orange Peel Waste

scholarly journals Enzymatic Saccharification of Laminaria japonica by Cellulase for the Production of Reducing Sugars

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Eun Young Park ◽  
Jung Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Seaweed Biomass ◽  
Accuracy Study

Enzymatic saccharification of Laminaria japonica seaweed biomass was optimized by four independent factors (enzyme dose, hydrolysis time, pH, and temperature) using response surface methodology (RSM). To confirm the significance of the quadratic model, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, and the F-value of 8.76 showed that the regression model was highly significant (≤0.1%). In the accuracy study, average recoveries were in the range of 97.00% to 98.32%. The optimum experimental conditions were an enzyme dose of 8.2%, a hydrolysis time of 26 h, a pH of 4.1, and a temperature of 43 °C. Temperature was the most important factor in the enzymatic saccharification. A relatively low temperature and short hydrolysis time were shown to improve the yield of reducing sugars.

scholarly journals Adsorption Studies on Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Silver to Remove Nitrates from Waters

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Yesica Vicente-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Caravaca ◽  
Antonio Soto-Meca ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martín-Pereira ◽  
María del Carmen García-Onsurbe
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Interference Studies

This paper presents a novel procedure for the treatment of contaminated water with high concentrations of nitrates, which are considered as one of the main causes of the eutrophication phenomena. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with silver (Fe3O4@AgNPs) were synthesized and used as an adsorbent of nitrates. Experimental conditions, including the pH, adsorbent and adsorbate dose, temperature and contact time, were analyzed to obtain the highest adsorption efficiency for different concentration of nitrates in water. A maximum removal efficiency of 100% was reached for 2, 5, 10 and 50 mg/L of nitrate at pH = 5, room temperature, and 50, 100, 250 and 500 µL of Fe3O4@AgNPs, respectively. The characterization of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption, was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Nitrates can be desorbed, and the adsorbent can be reused using 500 µL of NaOH solution 0.01 M, remaining unchanged for the first three cycles, and exhibiting 90% adsorption efficiency after three regenerations. A deep study on equilibrium isotherms reveals a pH-dependent behavior, characterized by Langmuir and Freundlich models at pH = 5 and pH = 1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies were consistent with physicochemical adsorption for all experiments but showed a change from endothermic to exothermic behavior as the temperature increases. Interference studies of other ions commonly present in water were carried out, enabling this procedure as very selective for nitrate ions. In addition, the method was applied to real samples of seawater, showing its ability to eliminate the total nitrate content in eutrophized waters.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Method for Plasma Protein Binding Studies and Its Limitations

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Camelia-Maria Toma ◽  
Silvia Imre ◽  
Camil-Eugen Vari ◽  
Daniela-Lucia Muntean ◽  
Amelia Tero-Vescan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Plasma Protein Binding ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Key Aspects

Plasma protein binding plays a critical role in drug therapy, being a key part in the characterization of any compound. Among other methods, this process is largely studied by ultrafiltration based on its advantages. However, the method also has some limitations that could negatively influence the experimental results. The aim of this study was to underline key aspects regarding the limitations of the ultrafiltration method, and the potential ways to overcome them. The main limitations are given by the non-specific binding of the substances, the effect of the volume ratio obtained, and the need of a rigorous control of the experimental conditions, especially pH and temperature. This review presents a variety of methods that can hypothetically reduce the limitations, and concludes that ultrafiltration remains a reliable method for the study of protein binding. However, the methodology of the study should be carefully chosen.

scholarly journals Variable-rate in corn sowing for maximizing grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Eujácio da Silva ◽  
Fábio Henrique Rojo Baio ◽  
Daniel Fernando Kolling ◽  
Renato Schneider Júnior ◽  
Alex Rogers Aguiar Zanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Attributes

AbstractSowing density is one of the most influential factors affecting corn yield. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, according to soil attributes, maximum corn productivity can be attained by varying the seed population. Specifically, our objectives were to identify the soil attributes that affect grain yield, in order to generate a model to define the optimum sowing rate as a function of the attributes identified, and determine which vegetative growth indices can be used to predict yield most accurately. The experiment was conducted in Chapadão do Céu-GO in 2018 and 2019 at two different locations. Corn was sown as the second crop after the soybean harvest. The hybrids used were AG 8700 PRO3 and FS 401 PW, which have similar characteristics and an average 135-day cropping cycle. Tested sowing rates were 50, 55, 60, and 65 thousand seeds ha−1. Soil attributes evaluated included pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, clay content, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Additionally, we measured the correlation between the different vegetative growth indices and yield. Linear correlations were obtained through Pearson’s correlation network, followed by path analysis for the selection of cause and effect variables, which formed the decision trees to estimate yield and seeding density. Magnesium and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) were the most important soil attributes for determining sowing density. Thus, the plant population should be 56,000 plants ha−1 to attain maximum yield at ECa values > 7.44 mS m−1. In addition, the plant population should be 64,800 plants ha−1 at values < 7.44 mS m−1 when magnesium levels are greater than 0.13 g kg−1, and 57,210 plants ha−1 when magnesium content is lower. Trial validation showed that the decision tree effectively predicted optimum plant population under the local experimental conditions, where yield did not significantly differ among populations.

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