scholarly journals Immobilization of Eversa® Transform via CLEA Technology Converts It in a Suitable Biocatalyst for Biolubricant Production Using Waste Cooking Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
José Renato Guimarães ◽  
Letícia Passos Miranda ◽  
Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente ◽  
Paulo Waldir Tardioli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free System ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
Enzyme Load

The performance of the previously optimized magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregate of Eversa (Eversa-mCLEA) in the enzymatic synthesis of biolubricants by transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with different alcohols has been evaluated. Eversa-mCLEA showed good activities using these alcohols, reaching a transesterification activity with isoamyl alcohol around 10-fold higher than with methanol. Yields of isoamyl fatty acid ester synthesis were similar using WCO or refined oil, confirming that this biocatalyst could be utilized to transform this residue into a valuable product. The effects of WCO/isoamyl alcohol molar ratio and enzyme load on the synthesis of biolubricant were also investigated. A maximum yield of around 90 wt.% was reached after 72 h of reaction using an enzyme load of 12 esterification units/g oil and a WCO/alcohol molar ratio of 1:6 in a solvent-free system. At the same conditions, the liquid Eversa yielded a maximum ester yield of only 34%. This study demonstrated the great changes in the enzyme properties that can be derived from a proper immobilization system. Moreover, it also shows the potential of WCO as a feedstock for the production of isoamyl fatty acid esters, which are potential candidates as biolubricants.

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Biodiesel Using Acid and Alkaline Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3566-3572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Li ◽  
Hou Bo Zhou ◽  
Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil

Fossil oil as a nonrenewable energy resource, with the development of global economy, the need for energy increases continuously. Biodiesel is a renewable and clean energy, which is made by vegetable oil or animal fat and methyl alcohol to produce fatty acid esters. This research shows that waste cooking oil can be used for biodiesel by the means of esterification and transesterification, at the same time waste cooking oil can be reused. Through orthogonal design, the optimum conditions are that at first ,using sulfuric acid 5wt% of waste cooking oil as catalyst, the molar ratio of methanol and oil is 30:1, the reaction temperature is 65 °C，and the reaction time is 3h ; the second step, KOH is used as catalyst, the amount of the KOH is 0.15wt%, the levels of methanol to oil ratio is 25:1, reaction temperature is 60 °C， reaction time is 1h. The maximum yield of biodiesel is 93.24wt%.

scholarly journals An alkali catalyzed trans-esterification of rice bran, cottonseed and waste cooking oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Akhtar ◽  
Yasir Elsheikh ◽  
M. Bassyouni ◽  
Monazza Kaukab ◽  
Ayyaz Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Cooking Oil

In this research work, biodiesel production by trans-esterification of three raw materials including virgin and used edible oil and non edible oil has been presented. A two step method following acidic and alkali catalyst was used for non edible oil due to the unsuitability of using the straight alkaline-catalyzed trans-esterification of high FFA present in rice bran oil. The acid value after processing for rice bran, cottonseed and waste cooking oil was found to be 0.95, 0.12 and 0.87 respectively. The influence of three variables on percentage yield i.e., methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time were studied at this stage. Cottonseed oil, waste cooking oil and rice bran oil showed a maximum yield of 91.7%, 84.1% and 87.1% under optimum conditions. Fuel properties of the three biodiesel satisfied standard biodiesel fuel results.

Production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from Waste Cooking Oil Using Novozym 435 in a Solvent-Free System

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 8074-8081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora M. Kochepka ◽  
Laís P. Dill ◽  
Gustavo H. Couto ◽  
Nadia Krieger ◽  
Luiz P. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Novozym 435 ◽  
Free System ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Solvent Free System

scholarly journals Taguchi Optimization for Waste Cooking Oil based Biodiesel Preparation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1088-1097
Keyword(s):  
Waste Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Taguchi Optimization ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
The One

Biodiesel is a promising future fuel. In the recent times lots of research has been done to make the waste product as a valuable product. The option which best suits is the biodiesel which can be obtained from Waste cooking oil using Various methods. The prominenet technique is the one which gives best results with the addition of less parameters involved in it. Biodiesel is acquired from edible, non-edible vegetable oils and animal fats as well. Well, a known route to manufacture biodiesel is trans-esterification of acylglycerol that undergo catalyzed esterification with methanol. With an aid of a suitable experimental design, it is vital to optimize various parameters that affect product yield and quality. A novelty of our work lies in implementing Taguchi Design for process optimization. The analysis gives an optimized set of process parameters namely oil to alcohol molar ratio as 1:7, catalyst congregation as 1%, latency as 20 min as well as intense heat as 50 °C. using these optimum conditions, the biodiesel prepared is found to have the highest yield of 75.18%, moreover diesel quality is also acceptable as per ASTM criteria. Its environmental benefits and renewability attract both industry and academia for further research.

scholarly journals Valorization of waste-cooking oil into sophorolipids and application of their methyl hydroxyl branched fatty acid derivatives to produce engineering bioplastics

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hun Kim ◽  
Yu-Ri Oh ◽  
Juyoung Hwang ◽  
Jaeryeon Kang ◽  
Hyeri Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives

Identification of Methyl Ester Content from Waste Cooking Oil Using Gas Chromatographic Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Nor Hazwani Abdullah ◽  
Sulaiman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Ester Content ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Acid Methyl

Waste cooking oil has always been an environment problem in food factories and one method of effect disposing this oil without effecting the environment is to convert it to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using small scale pilot plant. The conversion of waste cooking oil with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst in conversional process at 22kHz speed. The reaction of time, molar ratio, speed, catalyst and amount of catalyst will be effect in FAME quality. The quality of biodiesel define is total ester content using gas chromatography. Gas chromatography analysis is a one of technique for identification and quantitation of compounds in a biodiesel sample. From biodiesel sample can identification of contaminants and fatty acid methyl ester. In this research biodiesel sample were analyses using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ( Perkin Elmer GC Model Clarus 500) equipped with a DB-5 HT capillary column ( 0.53mm x 5 m) J&W Scientific. The analytic conditions for ester content were as follow by: column temperature used 2100C, temperature flame ionization detector (FID) of 2500C, pressure of 80kPa, flow carrier gas of 1ml/min, temperature injector of 2500C, split flow rate of 50ml/min, time for analysis 20 minute and volume injected of 1 μl. The ester content (C), expresses as a mass fraction in present using formula (EN 14103, 2003a) calculation. Conversion of triglyceride (TG) to FAME using conversional process obtained 96.54 % w.t with methanol to oil molar ratio 6:1, 1%w.t acid sulphuric and 1% w.t sodium hydroxide catalyst.

Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil via Ultrasonic-Assisted Catalytic System

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Lai Nyuk Ma ◽  
Hajar Alias ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Roshanida Abd Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Percentage Conversion

In this study, production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) was carried out via ultrasonic-assisted transesterification method. Calcium oxide (CaO) was used as a catalyst. The effects of methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and the catalyst amount towards the percentage conversion of oil to biodiesel were investigated. The biodiesel produced was analyzed using GC-FID method. The results obtained showed that 82 % of oil was successfully converted into biodiesel. This indicates that the used oil (WCO) has the potential to be the future source of biodiesel. Catalyst concentration of 3 w/w%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 15:1 and temperature of 65°C are the best condition for the conversion of oil to biodiesel. The result obtained was found out that, methanol to oil molar ratio and catalyst amount has given significant effect on the conversion of oil. However, temperature ranged from (35 to 75) °C apparently, showed no significant effect on percentage conversion of oil.

scholarly journals Konsentrasi Katalis dan Suhu Optimum pada Reaksi Esterifikasi menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam Aktif (ZAH) dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jelantah

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Kartika ◽  
Senny Widyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Directorate General

Transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using KOH catalyst with and without esterification process usingactivated natural zeolite (ZAH) catalyst has been carried out. Activation of the zeolite was done by refluxing with HCl 6Mfor 30 min, followed calcining and oxydized at 500oC for 2 hours, consecutively. The transesterification without esterificationprocess were done using KOH catalyst 1% (w/w) from oil and methanol weight and oil/methanol molar ratio 1:6 at 60oC. Theesterification reaction was also done using ZAH catalyst then continued by transesterification using KOH catalyst inmethanol media. In order to study the effect of ZAH catalyst concentration at constant temperature, the catalysts werevaried, i.e. 0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/w). To investigate the effect of temperature, the experiments were done at various temperaturefrom 30, 45, 60, and 70oC at constant catalyst concentration. The conversion of biodiesel was determined by 1H-NMRspectrometer and physical properties of biodiesel were determined using ASTM standard methods. The results showedthat the transesterification using KOH catalyst without esterification produced biodiesel conversion of 53.29%. The optimumcondition of biodiesel synthesis via esterification process were reached at 60oC and concentration of ZAH catalyst of2% (w/w), that could give biodiesel conversion = 100.00%. The physical properties were conformed with biodiesel ASTM2003b and Directorate General of Oil and Gas 2006 specification.

scholarly journals Optimization of Waste Cooking Oil’s FFA as Biodiesel Feedstock

Teknomekanik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Sri Rizki Putri Primandari ◽  
Andril Arafat ◽  
Harumi Veny
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Temperature Irradiation ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Central Composite

Waste cooking oil has high Free Fatty Acid (FFA). It affected on decreasing a biodiesel production. FFA reduction is one of important processes in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Thus, this study aimed to examine the optimum condition in FFA reduction. The process is assisted by using ultrasonic irradiation on acid esterification. Variables of the process are acid concentration, molar ratio of methanol and oil, and irradiation time. Meanwhile temperature irradiation on 45oC is a control variable. Process optimization is conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions of response were 7.22:1 (methanol to oil molar ratio), 0.92% wt H2SO4, 26.04 minutes (irradiation time), and 45oC (irradiation temperature). Ultrasonic system reduced FFA significantly compared to conventional method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ngee Sing Chong ◽  
Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Shruthi Perna ◽  
Beng Guat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

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