scholarly journals Metal Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensing: Progress and Challenges in the Clinical Transition of Point-of-Care Testing

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5787
Author(s):  
Tamanna Islam ◽  
Md. Mahedi Hasan ◽  
Abdul Awal ◽  
Md Nurunnabi ◽  
A. J. Saleh Ahammad
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Cancer Antigen 125 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Small Biomolecules ◽  
Structural Aspects

With the rise in public health awareness, research on point-of-care testing (POCT) has significantly advanced. Electrochemical biosensors (ECBs) are one of the most promising candidates for the future of POCT due to their quick and accurate response, ease of operation, and cost effectiveness. This review focuses on the use of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for fabricating ECBs that has a potential to be used for POCT. The field has expanded remarkably from its initial enzymatic and immunosensor-based setups. This review provides a concise categorization of the ECBs to allow for a better understanding of the development process. The influence of structural aspects of MNPs in biocompatibility and effective sensor design has been explored. The advances in MNP-based ECBs for the detection of some of the most prominent cancer biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), Herceptin-2 (HER2), etc.) and small biomolecules (glucose, dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) ECBs have been briefly discussed. Beyond that, the limitations and challenges that ECBs face in clinical applications are examined and possible pathways for overcoming these limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors Based on S-Layer Proteins

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Damiati ◽  
Bernhard Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Small Biomolecules ◽  
Selection Of

Designing and development of electrochemical biosensors enable molecule sensing and quantification of biochemical compositions with multitudinous benefits such as monitoring, detection, and feedback for medical and biotechnological applications. Integrating bioinspired materials and electrochemical techniques promote specific, rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive biosensing platforms for (e.g., point-of-care testing). The selection of biomaterials to decorate a biosensor surface is a critical issue as it strongly affects selectivity and sensitivity. In this context, smart biomaterials with the intrinsic self-assemble capability like bacterial surface (S-) layer proteins are of paramount importance. Indeed, by forming a crystalline two-dimensional protein lattice on many sensors surfaces and interfaces, the S-layer lattice constitutes an immobilization matrix for small biomolecules and lipid membranes and a patterning structure with unsurpassed spatial distribution for sensing elements and bioreceptors. This review aims to highlight on exploiting S-layer proteins in biosensor technology for various applications ranging from detection of metal ions over small organic compounds to cells. Furthermore, enzymes immobilized on the S-layer proteins allow specific detection of several vital biomolecules. The special features of the S-layer protein lattice as part of the sensor architecture enhances surface functionalization and thus may feature an innovative class of electrochemical biosensors.

scholarly journals Challenges in Laboratory Diagnosis of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadin Younes ◽  
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq ◽  
Hadeel AL-Jighefee ◽  
Salma Younes ◽  
Ola Al-Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Diagnostic Capacity ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

The recent outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide since its discovery in Wuhan city, China in December 2019. A comprehensive strategy, including surveillance, diagnostics, research, clinical treatment, and development of vaccines, is urgently needed to win the battle against COVID-19. The past three unprecedented outbreaks of emerging human coronavirus infections at the beginning of the 21st century have highlighted the importance of readily available, accurate, and rapid diagnostic technologies to contain emerging and re-emerging pandemics. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based assays performed on respiratory specimens remain the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics. However, point-of-care technologies and serologic immunoassays are rapidly emerging with high sensitivity and specificity as well. Even though excellent techniques are available for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in well-equipped laboratories; critical gaps still remain in screening asymptomatic people who are in the incubation phase of the virus, as well as in the accurate determination of live viral shedding during convalescence to inform decisions for ending isolation. This review article aims to discuss the currently available laboratory methods and surveillance technologies available for the detection of COVID-19, their performance characteristics and highlight the gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and finally, propose potential solutions. We also summarize the specifications of the majority of the available commercial kits (PCR, EIA, and POC) for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Diagnostic Services as an Integral Part of Health Services during the Novel Coronavirus 2019 Era

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson ◽  
Paul K. Drain
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic services are commonly associated with pathology laboratory services. This issue presents a holistic approach to POC diagnostics services from a variety of disciplines including pathology, radiological and information technology as well as mobile technology and artificial intelligence. This highlights the need for transdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the efficient development and implementation of point-of-care diagnostics. The advent of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted rapid advances in the development of new POC diagnostics. Global private and public sector agencies have significantly increased their investment in the development of POC diagnostics. There is no longer a question about the availability and accessibility of POC diagnostics. The question is “how can POC diagnostic services be integrated into health services in way that is useful and acceptable in the COVID-19 era?”.

scholarly journals Clinical Progress Note: Point-of-Care Ultrasound Applications in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benji K Mathews ◽  
Seth Koenig ◽  
Linda Kurian ◽  
Benjamin Galen ◽  
Gregory Mints ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Ultrasound Applications

COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although most patients (81%) develop mild illness, 14% develop severe illness, and 5% develop critical illness, including acute respiratory failure, septic shock, and multiorgan dysfunction.1 Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), or bedside ultrasound performed by a clinician caring for the patient, is being used to support the diagnosis and serially monitor patients with COVID-19. We performed a literature search of electronically discoverable peer-reviewed publications on POCUS use in COVID-19 from December 1, 2019, to April 10, 2020. We review key POCUS applications that are most relevant to frontline providers in the care of COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals The updates on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemiology, pathogenesis, viral genome and currently available drugs

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surender Singh Jadav ◽  
Narayana Murthy Ganta ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Nirnoy Dan ◽  
Neha Padma Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is caused by the novel coronavirus belongs to the family Betacoronaviridae was first identified in Saudi Arabia during 2012. The first epidemic outbreak of the MERS-CoV has been started reporting in the South Korea and other Asian Countries. The disease was transmitted to humans to humans from the Middle East to other countries through travelling history. The MERS-CoV is responsible for the lower acute and severe respiratory disorder causes the shortness of breath along with fever and cough. The treatment for the disease is purely symptomatic and vaccination is not existed. In the present work we are tried to compile the epidemiology, pathogenesis, viral genome and currently available drugs. At the last the promising approaches for the drug design and development process has been presented.

A Rapid and Quantitative Serum Test for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies with Portable Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhadi Djaileb ◽  
Benjamin Charron ◽  
Maryam Hojjat Jodaylami ◽  
Vincent Thibault ◽  
Julien Coutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Spr Sensor ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nanomolar Range

We report a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor detecting nucleocapsid antibodies specific against the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) in undiluted human serum. When exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the immune system responds by expressing antibodies at levels that can be detected and monitored to identify the patient population immunized against SARD-CoV-2 and support efforts to deploy a vaccine strategically. A SPR sensor coated with a peptide monolayer and functionalized with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid recombinant protein detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the nanomolar range. This bioassay was performed on a portable SPR instrument in undiluted human serum and results were collected within 15 minutes of sample/sensor contact. This strategy paves the way to point-of-care and label-free rapid testing for antibodies.

A Rapid and Quantitative Serum Test for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies with Portable Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhadi Djaileb ◽  
Benjamin Charron ◽  
Maryam Hojjat Jodaylami ◽  
Vincent Thibault ◽  
Julien Coutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Spr Sensor ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nanomolar Range

We report a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor detecting nucleocapsid antibodies specific against the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) in undiluted human serum. When exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the immune system responds by expressing antibodies at levels that can be detected and monitored to identify the patient population immunized against SARD-CoV-2 and support efforts to deploy a vaccine strategically. A SPR sensor coated with a peptide monolayer and functionalized with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid recombinant protein detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the nanomolar range. This bioassay was performed on a portable SPR instrument in undiluted human serum and results were collected within 15 minutes of sample/sensor contact. This strategy paves the way to point-of-care and label-free rapid testing for antibodies.

scholarly journals Current and emerging diagnostic tests available for the novel COVID-19 global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Mboowa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) upgraded the status of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak from epidemic to a global pandemic. This infection is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Several rapid diagnostic tests have been developed at an astonishing pace; however, COVID-19 requires more highly specific rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests. This review describes the currently available testing approaches, as well as the available test assays including the Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test (takes ~45 min) and Abbott ID COVID-19 test (5 min) as easy to use point-of-care tests for diagnosis of novel COVID-19 that have so far received the US Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorizations clearance. This review is correct as of the date published and will be updated as more diagnostic tests come to light.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care RNA-Based Diagnostic Device for COVID-19

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yang ◽  
Yung-Chih Wang ◽  
Ching-Fen Shen ◽  
Chao-Min Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a fast-spreading respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China and has now affected over 123 countries globally [...]

scholarly journals Types of Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Testing: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. e59-e65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C Smithgall ◽  
Mitra Dowlatshahi ◽  
Steven L Spitalnik ◽  
Eldad A Hod ◽  
Alex J Rai
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Testing

Abstract Clinical laboratory testing routinely provides actionable results, which help direct patient care in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been causing disease (COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]) in patients, beginning in China and now extending worldwide. In this context of a novel viral pandemic, clinical laboratories have developed multiple novel assays for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and for managing patients afflicted with this illness. These include molecular and serologic-based tests, some with point-of-care testing capabilities. Herein, we present an overview of the types of testing available for managing patients with COVID-19, as well as for screening of potential plasma donors who have recovered from COVID-19.

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