scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors Based on S-Layer Proteins

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Damiati ◽  
Bernhard Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Small Biomolecules ◽  
Selection Of

Designing and development of electrochemical biosensors enable molecule sensing and quantification of biochemical compositions with multitudinous benefits such as monitoring, detection, and feedback for medical and biotechnological applications. Integrating bioinspired materials and electrochemical techniques promote specific, rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive biosensing platforms for (e.g., point-of-care testing). The selection of biomaterials to decorate a biosensor surface is a critical issue as it strongly affects selectivity and sensitivity. In this context, smart biomaterials with the intrinsic self-assemble capability like bacterial surface (S-) layer proteins are of paramount importance. Indeed, by forming a crystalline two-dimensional protein lattice on many sensors surfaces and interfaces, the S-layer lattice constitutes an immobilization matrix for small biomolecules and lipid membranes and a patterning structure with unsurpassed spatial distribution for sensing elements and bioreceptors. This review aims to highlight on exploiting S-layer proteins in biosensor technology for various applications ranging from detection of metal ions over small organic compounds to cells. Furthermore, enzymes immobilized on the S-layer proteins allow specific detection of several vital biomolecules. The special features of the S-layer protein lattice as part of the sensor architecture enhances surface functionalization and thus may feature an innovative class of electrochemical biosensors.

scholarly journals The importance of early detection of endotoxemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Adamik ◽  
Jakub Smiechowicz ◽  
Andrzej Kübler
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Endotoxin Activity ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Endotoxin Elimination ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Endotoxin is considered a key signaling molecule in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock. Anti-endotoxin therapies may result in the improvement of a patient’s clinical condition and lower mortality. The pressing clinical challenge is to identify patients for whom endotoxin elimination would be the most beneficial. An endotoxin activity assay (EAA) has been available for detection of endotoxins, allowing selection of patients at high risk of endotoxemia in intensive care units (ICUs). We studied a cohort of 172 consecutive patients who had septic shock on admission to the ICU. Endotoxin activity (EA) was measured with a rapid chemiluminescent EAA, regarded as point-of-care testing. Endotoxemia with a mean EA of 0.59 ± 0.14 EAU was present in 104 patients (60%) and absent in 68 patients (EA = 0.25 ± 0.11 EAU). The risk of endotoxemia increased with the presence of a Gram-negative infection [odds ratio (OR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–5.9; P = 0.001] and bacteremia (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.6–8.9; P = 0.02) but did not change with a diagnosis of peritonitis (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.54–1.97; P = 0.90). These findings indicate that anti-endotoxin interventions should be tailored to individual patients based on both clinical conditions and measured endotoxin levels.

scholarly journals Metal Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensing: Progress and Challenges in the Clinical Transition of Point-of-Care Testing

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5787
Author(s):  
Tamanna Islam ◽  
Md. Mahedi Hasan ◽  
Abdul Awal ◽  
Md Nurunnabi ◽  
A. J. Saleh Ahammad
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Cancer Antigen 125 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Small Biomolecules ◽  
Structural Aspects

With the rise in public health awareness, research on point-of-care testing (POCT) has significantly advanced. Electrochemical biosensors (ECBs) are one of the most promising candidates for the future of POCT due to their quick and accurate response, ease of operation, and cost effectiveness. This review focuses on the use of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for fabricating ECBs that has a potential to be used for POCT. The field has expanded remarkably from its initial enzymatic and immunosensor-based setups. This review provides a concise categorization of the ECBs to allow for a better understanding of the development process. The influence of structural aspects of MNPs in biocompatibility and effective sensor design has been explored. The advances in MNP-based ECBs for the detection of some of the most prominent cancer biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), Herceptin-2 (HER2), etc.) and small biomolecules (glucose, dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) ECBs have been briefly discussed. Beyond that, the limitations and challenges that ECBs face in clinical applications are examined and possible pathways for overcoming these limitations are discussed.

scholarly journals Application guide: training of professional users of devices for near-patient testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Barabas ◽  
Andreas Bietenbeck
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Learning Path ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Near Patient Testing ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractInsufficient operator training has been identified as an underlying root cause for many errors of point-of-care testing. However, while the need for operator training is beyond doubt, the practical solutions on how to train operators remain challenging. Therefore a multidisciplinary team of experts created the application guide VDE-AR-E 2411-2-101 “Schulung professioneller Anwender von patientennahen Tests” (Training of professional users of devices for near-patient testing). This work is based on the talk of Nicola Barabas during the POCT-Symposium in Munich 2017 and presents selected aspects of the application guide such as the role of the manufacturer, the learning path, the selection of training topics, the train-the-trainer concept and e-learning.

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