scholarly journals Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Ginsenoside Rg3

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4905
Author(s):  
Maryam Nakhjavani ◽  
Eric Smith ◽  
Amanda R. Townsend ◽  
Timothy J. Price ◽  
Jennifer E. Hardingham
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽  
Anti Cancer

Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is a member of the ginsenoside family of chemicals extracted from Panax ginseng. Like other ginsenosides, Rg3 has two epimers: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (SRg3) and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (RRg3). Rg3 is an intriguing molecule due to its anti-cancer properties. One facet of the anti-cancer properties of Rg3 is the anti-angiogenic action. This review describes the controversies on the effects and effective dose range of Rg3, summarizes the evidence on the efficacy of Rg3 on angiogenesis, and raises the possibility that Rg3 is a prodrug.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rg3: Potential Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Indication in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Medicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Nakhjavani ◽  
Jennifer E Hardingham ◽  
Helen M Palethorpe ◽  
Yoko Tomita ◽  
Eric Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ginseng Plant

Breast cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The key challenge with cancer treatment is the choice of the best therapeutic agents with the least possible toxicities on the patient. Recently, attention has been drawn to herbal compounds, in particular ginsenosides, extracted from the root of the Ginseng plant. In various studies, significant anti-cancer properties of ginsenosides have been reported in different cancers. The mode of action of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models and its value as an anti-cancer treatment for breast cancer will be reviewed.

scholarly journals Stereoselective Anti-Cancer Activities of Ginsenoside Rg3 on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakhjavani ◽  
Palethorpe ◽  
Tomita ◽  
Smith ◽  
Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Tnbc Cell ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Aqp1 Expression

Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has two epimers, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (SRg3) and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (RRg3), and while Rg3 itself has been reported to have anti-cancer properties, few studies have been reported on the anti-cancer effects of the different epimers. The aim was to investigate the stereoselective effects of the Rg3 epimers on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, tested using cell-based assays for proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, migration and invasion. Molecular docking showed that Rg3 interacted with the aquaporin 1 (AQP1) water channel (binding score −9.4 kJ mol−1). The Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system was used to study the effect of Rg3 epimers on the AQP1 water permeability. The AQP1 expression in TNBC cell lines was compared with quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that only SRg3 inhibited the AQP1 water flux and inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 (100 μM), due to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. SRg3 inhibited the chemoattractant-induced migration of MDA-MB-231. The AQP1 expression in MDA-MB-231 was higher than in HCC1143 or DU4475 cell lines. These results suggest a role for AQP1 in the proliferation and chemoattractant-induced migration of this cell line. Compared to SRg3, RRg3 had more potency and efficacy, inhibiting the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231. Rg3 has stereoselective anti-cancer effects in the AQP1 high-expressing cell line MDA-MB-231.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Lactate Production in Human Granulosa Cells by Metformin and Potential Involvement of Adenosine 5′ Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm C. Richardson ◽  
Susan Ingamells ◽  
Chantal D. Simonis ◽  
Iain T. Cameron ◽  
Rajiv Sreekumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Lactate Output ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Context: Production of 3-carbon units (as lactate) by granulosa cells (GCs) is important in follicular and oocyte development and may be modulated by metformin. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the action of metformin on GC lactate production and potential mediation via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Design: GCs were prepared from follicular aspirates. After exposure to metformin and other potential modulators of AMPK in culture, aspects of cellular function were examined. Setting: The study was conducted in a private fertility clinic/university academic center. Patients: Women undergoing routine in vitro fertilization participated in the study. Interventions: All agents were added in culture. Main Outcome Measures: Lactate output of GCs was measured. Cell extracts were prepared after culture, and phosphorylated forms of AMPK and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) were assayed using Western analysis. Results: Metformin led to a rapid increase in lactate production by GCs [minimum effective dose, 250 μm; maximum dose studied, 1 mm (1.22-fold; P < 0.01)]. This dose range of metformin was similar to that required for stimulation of phospho-AMPK in GCs [minimum effective dose, 250 μm; maximum effect, 500 μm (2.01-fold; P < 0.001)]. Increasing phospho-ACC, as a representative downstream target regulated by AMPK, was apparent over a lower range (minimum effective dose, 31 μm; maximum effect, 250 μm; P < 0.001). A level of metformin (125 μm) insufficient for the stimulation of lactate output when used alone potentiated the effects of suboptimal doses of insulin on lactate production. Adiponectin (2.5 μg/ml) had a small but significant effect on lactate output. Conclusions: Metformin activates AMPK in GCs, stimulating lactate production and increasing phospho-ACC. Metformin also enhances the action of suboptimal insulin concentrations to stimulate lactate production.

scholarly journals Anti-Cancer Effects of Panax ginseng Berry Polysaccharides via Activation of Immune-Related Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Young Lee ◽  
Chan Woong Park ◽  
Sue Jung Lee ◽  
Hye-Ryung Park ◽  
Su Hwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Anti Cancer

Recent Advances in Ginsenosides as Potential Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (25) ◽  
pp. 2334-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-hang Guo ◽  
Revathimadhubala Kuruganti ◽  
Ying Gao
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Panax Quinquefolius ◽  
Growth Modulation ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Cancer Support ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Anti Cancer

The dried root of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer or Panax quinquefolius L.) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to manage cancer symptoms and chemotherapy side effects in Asia. The anti-cancer efficacy of ginseng is attributed mainly to the presence of saponins, which are commonly known as ginsenosides. Ginsenosides were first identified as key active ingredients in Panax ginseng and subsequently found in Panax quinquefolius, both of the same genus. To review the recent advances on anti-cancer effects of ginsenosides against breast cancer, we conducted a literature study of scientific articles published from 2010 through 2018 to date by searching the major databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and CNKI. A total of 50 articles authored in either English or Chinese related to the anti-breast cancer activity of ginsenosides have been reviewed, and the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on ginsenosides are summarized. This review focuses on how ginsenosides exert their anti-breast cancer activities through various mechanisms of action such as modulation of cell growth, modulation of the cell cycle, modulation of cell death, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of metastasis, inhibition of multidrug resistance, and cancer immunemodulation. In summary, recent advances in the evaluation of ginsenosides as therapeutic agents against breast cancer support further pre-clinical and clinical studies to treat primary and metastatic breast tumors.

The safety profile, tolerability, and effective dose range of rofecoxib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1688-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Schnitzer ◽  
Ken Truitt ◽  
Roy Fleischmann ◽  
Paul Dalgin ◽  
Joel Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Dose Range
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