scholarly journals Composition, Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Insecticidal Activities of Thymus kotschyanus Essential Oil

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghader Ghasemi ◽  
Abolfazl Alirezalu ◽  
Youbert Ghosta ◽  
Azadeh Jarrahi ◽  
Seyed Ali Safavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thymus Kotschyanus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

Essential oils (EOs) are some of the outstanding compounds found in Thymus that can exert antifungal, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activities, which encourage their exploration and potential use for agricultural and food purposes. The essential oils (EO) obtained from Thymus kotschyanus collected in the East Azerbaijan Province (Iran) were characterized using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Thymol was the most important compound (60.48%), although 35 other active compounds were identified in the EO. Significant amounts of carvacrol (3.08%), p-cymene (5.56%), and γ-terpinene (6.67%) were found in the EO. The T. kotschyanus EO was tested against important phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium expansum). The antifungal assay showed that the use of ≥500 ppm of EO resulted in a fungicidal effect against all funguses tested. In a similar way, the use of ≥500 ppm of EO inhibited the germination of all crop weed seeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Panicum miliaceum L.) and their subsequent growth, which demonstrated its herbicidal effect. Finally, the insecticidal capacity of T. kotschyanus EO was also observed against selected insects (Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Sitophilus oryzae). O. surinamensis was more susceptible to the effect of EO (LC50 = 4.78 µL/L air) than S. oryzae (LC50 = 13.20 µL/L air). The obtained results of the present study can provide new safe resources to the development of new products for the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Composition Chimique Et Activité Antimicrobienne Des Huiles Essentielles De Deux Espèces De Lavande : Lavandula Dentata Spp. Dentata Et Lavandula Peduncultata Spp. Pedunculata

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Lamia Bachiri ◽  
Mohamed Bammou ◽  
Ghizlane Echchegadda ◽  
Jamal Ibijbijen ◽  
Lhoussaine El Rhaffari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The aim of the present work is to compare the chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activity of two spontaneous species of lavender "Lavandula stoechas L." and "Lavandula dentata L." in Morocco. A phytochemical screening was performed on the aerial part of invested plants. The qualitative variation was revealed in the secondary metabolites of the species studied. Subsequently, the dosage of the crude organic extracts showed that the polyphenol content was higher in the methanol fraction, with an important yield in L. dentata. Also, the essential oils of the aerial part, obtained by hydrodistillation gave higher yields in L. dentata than L. pedunculata. Finally, tests of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oils of the two species were performed on four strains of bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus "Gram+," and Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis which are Gram-), and three phytopathogenic fungi : Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Penicillium expansum, The results obtained showed that the essential oil of L. dentata showed a strong antibacterial activity against the studied strains, particularly against S. aureus. While the antifungal activity revealed that L. pedunculata has a remarkable antifungal power against the fungi tested in comparison with L. dentata.

Solvent-free Microwave Extraction as the Useful Tool for Extraction of Edible Essential Oils

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Kusuma ◽  
◽  
Ditta Putri ◽  
Intan Dewi ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Dry Distillation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) is proposed as a method for “green” extraction of edible essential oils extensively used in the fragrance, flavour, and pharmaceutical industries and also in aromatherapy. It is a combination of microwave heating and dry distillation, performed at atmospheric pressure without adding any solvent or water. Isolation and concentration of volatile compounds are performed by a single stage. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) was extracted with SFME at atmospheric pressure and 373 K for 30 min. The extracted compounds were removed from the aqueous extract by simple decantation, identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrodistillation (HD) of basil was performed with 400 ml of water for 4.5 h for comparison of the results with those provided by the proposed method. SFME method offers important advantages over HD, viz. shorter extraction times (30 min vs. 4.5 h); better yields (0.13 % vs. 0.11 %); environmental impact (energy cost is appreciably higher for performing HD than that required for rapid SFME), cleaner features (as no residue generation and no water or solvent used); and provides a more valuable essential oil. SFME is a green technology and appears as a good alternative for the extraction of edible essential oils from aromatic plants used in aromatherapy and food industry.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oils derived from some plants against phytopathogenic fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (07) ◽  
pp. 1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habung Yami ◽  
Shukla A.K.*
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Erigeron Canadensis ◽  
Artemisia Nilagirica ◽  
Poisoned Food Technique

Essential oils were extracted from different plant species (Acorus calamus, Artemisia nilagerica, Erigeron Canadensis) to evaluate their effect on the growth of four phytopathogenic fungi viz. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium expansum following poisoned food technique method. Different concentration of oil such as 125ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm and 5000ppm were taken to evaluate the effect. There was 100% inhibition in the growth of phytopathogenic fungi at 5000 and 1000ppm concentration by essential oil of A. calamus. At 500ppm concentration also 100% inhibition was found up to 7th day on F. oxysporum. Essential oil of A. nilagirica inhibits the growth of all phytopathogenic fungi at higher concentration. In case of P. expansum at 5000ppm concentration 100% inhibition was recorded even after 15 days of incubation. The decrease in colony diameter or growth of fungus was corresponding to the concentration of oil. In comparison to others two, essential oil of Erigeron Canadensis was less effective against phytopathogenic fungi. It can be stated on the basis of results that the use of Acorus calamus and Artemisia nilagirica essential oil could be an alternative to synthetic fungicides for management of post harvest phytopathogenic fungal diseases caused by A. alternata, B. cinerea, F. oxysporum and P. expansum.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Essential Oils of Thymus Kotschyanus L. (10 POPULATIONS) FROM IRAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khoshsokhan ◽  
A. Poormeidani ◽  
M. Babalar ◽  
M.R. Fatahi Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Thymus Kotschyanus

Abstract Thymus species are well known as medicinal plants because of their biological and pharmacological properties. Thymus kotschyanus seeds (10 populations) were collected from various provinces of Iran and transferred into a new uniform environment. This study was carried out at Badiei Research Station (Qom Province, Iran) in 2008, under field conditions. The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The content of essential oils of this species was assessed during the flowering stage, and the chemical composition of the essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). According to populations, 17 components representing 84.57-97.08% of the total components, were identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of constituents in all samples (87.14-98.93%). thymol (2.45-78.65%), carvacrol (1.84-49.38%), α-terpineol (1.79-17.1%), borneol (.68-3.8%), linalool (.5-39.05%), 1,8cineole (.53- 8.39%), p-cymene (.38 ⊟7.74%) represented the mager compounds. The highest oil yields were obtained from Mazandaran 2 (2.5%) and Rudbar (2.3%) populations and lowest oil yields were obtained from Avan (1.1%) and Alamut (1.09%) populations. The highest level of thymol was obtained from Piranshahr (78.65%) and Semnan (60.80%) populations and lowest level of it obtained from Mazandaran 2 (2.45%), Siahkal (3.95%) populations. The highest level of carvacrol was exist in Mazandaran 2 (49.38%) and Rudbar (39.68%) populations. In this study, the linalool and α-terpineol were found as the main constituents of essential oil.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don (African Star Apple)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Daniel Nartey ◽  
Joseph Nana Gyesi ◽  
Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The volatile compounds of the fruit and leaf essential oils of the African star fruit, Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don, were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in this study. The antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities of the essential oils were also investigated. Thirty-five and thirty-four compounds, representing 97.84% and 97.87%, were identified in the leaf and fruit essential oils, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was evaluated in vitro against eight pathogens using the broth microdilution method. The fruit essential oil exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in the antimicrobial susceptibility test, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.195 to 6.250 mg/mL, while the leaf essential oils showed antimicrobial activity with MICs in the range of 6.875–13.750 mg/mL. The antibiofilm activity was assessed via the crystal violet staining assay, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the model organism. The concentrations of the leaf and fruit essential oil required for half-maximal inhibition of biofilm formation (BIC50) were 6.97 ± 0.56 and 4.78 ± 0.21 mg/mL, respectively. In evaluating antioxidant activity, the total antioxidant capacity obtained from the phosphomolybdenum assay was 104.8 ± 2.4 and 101.6 ± 0.8 μg/g AAE for leaf and fruit essential oils, respectively. The IC50 values obtained from the hydrogen peroxide scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays were 301.8 ± 0.7 and 669.2 ± 2.1 μg/mL, 1048.0 ± 0.3 and 1454.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL, and 460.1 ± 2.7 and 457.4 ± 0.3 μg/mL for both leaf and fruit essential oils, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest that the leaf and fruit essential oil of Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don could find potential use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries as preservative and pharmaceutical agents.

Carum copticum L. essential oils as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
M Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Carum Copticum ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Carum copticum L. comprises several relevant species for food, cosmetic, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. GC/MS analysis of the enential oil of C. copticum revealed γ- terpinene as a major component of C. copticum, with its contribution of 33.85%. Essential oils (EOs) exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against all tested microbial strains. In addition, the C. copticum oil demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results clearly show the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of the plant essential oil.

Thermo-Oxidative Decomposition of Lovage (Levisticum officinale) and Davana (Artemisia pallens) Essential Oils under Simulated Tobacco Heating Product Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Emma Jakab ◽  
Zoltán Sebestyén ◽  
Bence Babinszki ◽  
Eszter Barta-Rajnai ◽  
Zsuzsanna Czégény ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Intramolecular Rearrangement ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Oxidative Decomposition ◽  
Oxidative Pyrolysis ◽  
Artemisia Pallens

SummaryThe thermo-oxidative decomposition of lovage (Levisticum officinale) and davana (Artemisia pallens) essential oils has been studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in 9% oxygen and 91% nitrogen atmosphere at 300 °C to simulate low-temperature tobacco heating conditions. Both lovage and davana oils contain numerous chemical substances; the main components of both oils are various oxygen-containing compounds. Isobenzofuranones are the most important constituents of lovage oil, and their relative intensity changed significantly during oxidative pyrolysis. (Z)-ligustilide underwent two kinds of decomposition reactions: an aromatization reaction resulting in the formation of butylidenephthalide and the scission of the lactone ring with the elimination of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. Davanone is the main component of davana oil, which did not decompose considerably during low-temperature oxidative pyrolysis. However, the relative yield of the second most intensive component, bicyclogermacrene, reduced markedly due to bond rearrangement reactions. Davana ether underwent oxidation reactions leading to the formation of various furanic compounds. The changes in the composition of both essential oils could be interpreted in terms of bond splitting, intramolecular rearrangement mechanisms and oxidation reactions of several constituents during low-temperature oxidative pyrolysis. The applied thermo-oxidative method was found to be suitable to study the stability of the essential oils and monitor the decomposition products under simulated tobacco heating conditions. In spite of the complicated composition of the essential oils, no evidence for interaction between the oil components was found. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 29 (2020) 27–43]

Composition of essential oil and antioxidant activity of Khat (Catha edulis Forsk), Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Catha Edulis

In this study, we determined the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from two different varieties of khat (Catha edulis Forsk) cultivated in Ethiopia. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using the Clevenger type apparatus, identifications of compounds were made by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventy seven different compounds were identified from essential oils of the two different khat cultivars. The essential oils in the samples from Bahir Dar and Wendo were composed of 50 and 34 compounds, respectively. The major compound identified in khat essentials oils include: limonene, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, 1-hydroxy,1-phenyl-2-propanone, camphor, (sulfurous acid)-2-propylundecyl ester, hexadecane, O-mentha-1(7), 8-dien-3-ol, heptadecane, 10-methylnonadecane, (phthalic acid)-isobutyl octadecyl ester, and tritetracontane. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the oils were assessed by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay. The scavenging activities of the oils were 23.5-23.6 μg AAE/kg of fresh khat sample.

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