scholarly journals Extraction, Characterization, Antitumor and Immunological Activities of Hemicellulose Polysaccharide from Astragalus radix Herb Residue

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Shuying Li ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Xingkang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Monosaccharide Residue ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Herb Residues

Astragalus radix (radix) have been frequently used for clinical application in China, and the herb residues of radix turn out to be a waste of resources. To escape from this, the medicine value of radix herb residues is mined in this article. We isolated hemicellulose polysaccharide AX-I-3b from radix herb residues by fractional extraction. Monosaccharide-composition analysis revealed that AX-I-3b consisted of arabinose, xylose, and glucose with a molar ratio of 10.4:79.3:1.1. Methylation, NMR and FT-IR analyses showed that AX-I-3b monosaccharide residue was linked as follows: →2,3,4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Arap-(1→, →4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. Then, we found that AX-I-3b exhibited antitumor activity against lung cancer in vitro and vivo through MTT assay and xenograft tumor model. Mechanistically, AX-I-3b induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells and xenograft tumors, which is evidenced by the up-regulation of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, AX-I-3b synergistically improved the therapeutic ability of cisplatin in xenograft tumors model. Furthermore, AX-I-3b treatment effectively improved the immune organ index, the percentage of spleen lymphocyte subsets and serum cytokine levels in lung cancer mice, supporting that AX-I-3b showed immunomodulatory activity. In conclusion, our results identified AX-I-3b as an antitumor and immunomodulatory agent, providing a new insight into the reutilization of radix herb residue.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Novel Acid Polysaccharide from Solanum muricatum

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yue ◽  
Qianqian Xu ◽  
Xianheng Li ◽  
Jeevithan Elango ◽  
Wenhui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Solanum Muricatum ◽  
Acid Polysaccharide

To investigate the structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Solanum muricatum, a novel acid polysaccharide named SMP-3a was purified from Solanum muricatum pulp through DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that SMP-3a was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid with the molar ratio of 1.09:2.64:1.54:1. The average molecular weight was found to be 227 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Thermal studies revealed the SMP-3a was a thermally stable polymer. Based on the results of methylation and NMR analysis, the backbone chain of SMP-3a was composed of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→. The side chain was consisted of α-l-Araf-(1→ and →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→. Immunomodulatory assay indicated that SMP-3a could significantly promote the proliferation of macrophages and stimulate the secretion of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Our results suggested that SMP-3a could be used as a novel potential immunomodulatory agent in functional food.

Purification, Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from Mulberry Leaf Fermented with Phellinus igniarius

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Zhuoyan Zhou ◽  
Lisheng Chu ◽  
Xiawei Jiang ◽  
Jiabao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Phellinus Igniarius ◽  
Mulberry Leaf

Phellinus igniarius is a rare and precious medicinal fungus, displaying an outstanding physiological effect, especially the immunomodulatory effects. Previous studies indicated that water-soluble crude polysaccharide (MPFP) was obtained from mulberry leaf fermented with Phellinus igniarius. In vitro cell assay revealed that MPFP showed higher immunomodulatory activity than that of mulberry leaves polysaccharide (MP) and Phellinus igniarius mycelial polysaccharide (PP). Therefore, in this study, structure and immunomodulatory activity of MPFP were measured, a novel polysaccharide named MPFP2-1 was separated through DEAE-52 cellulose column and SephadexG-100 gel-filtration chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that MPFP2-1 was mainly composed of L-rhamnose and D-glucose with the molar ratio of 1.0:5.4. The average molecular weight was 50.3 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). FT-IR spectrum showed that MPFP2-1 contained a characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide. The NMR spectrum indicated MPFP2-1 contained 1 → 6 glucosidic bond. In vitro immunomodulatory assay revealed that MPFP2-1 significantly enhanced the macrophages proliferation, stimulated the macrophages phagocytic capacity, as well as induced NO and TNF-a generation. We further discovered that MPFP2-1 stimulated iNOS and TNF-α protein expression in RAW264.7 cells by western blotting. The results are in agreement with ELISA. All the results suggest that MPFP2-1 possesses potent immunomodulatory activity and could be taken forward as new products for medicines.

scholarly journals Knockdown of LncRNA LINC00958 Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of NSCLC Cells by MiR-204-3p/KIF2A Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110255
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Xiaoliang Li
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) function in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC. LINC00958, a newly identified lncRNA, has been reported to be closely linked to tumorigenesis in several cancers. However, its specific role in NSCLC remains unclear. In this study, we determined the expression of LINC00958 in NSCLC by RT-qPCR analysis and evaluated cell proliferation and migration by CCK-8 and transwell assays, respectively. We established a xenograft tumor model to examine the effect of LINC00958 on tumor growth in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the interaction between LINC00958 and miR-204-3p and the interaction between miR-204-3p and KIF2A. We found that LINC00958 was up-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Down-regulation of LINC00958 inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Besides, miR-204-3p was identified as a target of LINC00958 and miR-204-3p inhibitor could reverse the inhibitory effect of LINC00958 knockdown on proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. We also validated that KIF2A, a direct target of miR-204-3p, was responsible for the biological role of LINC00958. KIF2A antagonized the effect of miR-204-3p on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration and was regulated by LINC00958/miR-204-3p. Taken together, these data indicate that the LINC00958/miR-204-3p/KIF2A axis is critical for NSCLC progression, which might provide a potential therapeutic target of NSCLC.

scholarly journals Purification, characterization and in vitro bile salt-binding capacity of polysaccharides from Armillaria mellea mushroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chonghui Yue ◽  
Xiaodan Zang ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Liangwei Dong ◽  
Yanqiu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Extraction ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Ethanol Precipitation ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

The crude polysaccharides from Armillaria mellea were obtained with an ultrasound assisted enzymatic extraction and ethanol precipitation. Two polysaccharide fractions were obtained by ethanol precipitation, which were named AMP-1 and AMP-2. The results of the monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that AMP-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, arabinose and fucose and that AMP-2 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and fucose. Glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharide fractions. The protein and nucleic acid contents in AMP-1 and AMP-2 were detected by using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. The bile salt-binding capacities of the polysaccharide samples were studied in vitro. In comparison with lentinan (LP), AMP-1 and AMP-2 showed increased bile salt-binding capacity. AMP-1 showed the highest binding capacity against all the bile salts. The findings presented in this study highlight the potential of the A. mellea polysaccharides as a natural hypolipidaemic agent.

scholarly journals Chronic chemotherapy with paclitaxel nanoparticles induced apoptosis in lung cancer in vitro and in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 1299-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Zhao ◽  
Juan Fan ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Chengming Wei ◽  
Qiongying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Amplified LncRNA PVT1 promotes lung cancer proliferation and metastasis by facilitating VEGFC expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Yanming Pan ◽  
Lantao Liu ◽  
Yongxia Cheng ◽  
Jianbo Yu ◽  
Yukuan Feng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis ◽  
Factor C ◽  
The Impact

Although the abundance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in lung cancer has been well researched, the underlying mechanisms behind its effects were unknown. Here we investigated the molecular events regulating PVT1 in lung cancer. The pro-proliferative property of PVT1 was examined using a xenograft tumor model. Transwell chambers were used to analyze the impact of PVT1 expression on cell invasiveness and migration. In vivo metastasis was examined by tail-vein-injection in mice. Direct binding of miR-128 to PVT1 was investigated using a probe pulldown assay. The relative expression levels of miR-128 and PVT1 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We show here that when PVT1 is amplified, there is a poor survival prognosis for patients with lung cancer. Elevated levels of PVT1 promoted lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that PVT1 competes endogenously with miR-128 in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) expression, which is significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis in lung cancer. We identified that copy number amplification significantly contributes to the high level of PVT1 transcripts in lung cancer, which promotes cell proliferation and metastatic behavior via modulating VEGFC expression by endogenous competition with miR-128.

Anticancer effects of ginsenoside Rk3 on non-small cell lung cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3723-3736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguang Duan ◽  
Jianjun Deng ◽  
Yangfang Dong ◽  
Chenhui Zhu ◽  
Weina Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Death Receptor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Ginsenoside-Rk3 inhibited proliferation, arrested the cell cycle, induced apoptosisviadeath receptor-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathways and suppressed angiogenesis and tumor growth.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rg3 Prolongs Survival of the Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model by Inducing Apoptosis and Inhibiting Angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Hu ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Xiangyang Xia ◽  
Xiaobo Xu ◽  
Fen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Microvessel Density ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg3 ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Aim. Microvessel density is a marker of tumor angiogenesis activity for development and metastasis. Our preliminary study showed that ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-link for apoptosis induction and antiangiogenesis effect of Rg3 on orthotopic HCC in vivo. Methods. The murine HCC cells Hep1-6 were implanted in the liver of mouse. With oral feeding of Rg3 (10 mg/kg once a day for 30 days), the quantitative analysis of apoptosis was performed by using pathology and a transmission electron microscope and microvessel density was quantitatively measured by immunohistochemical staining of the CD105 antibody. The mice treated with Rg3 (n=10) were compared with the control (n=10) using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Animal weight and tumor weight were measured to determine the toxicity of Rg3 and antitumor effect on an orthotopic HCC tumor model. Results. With oral feeding of Rg3 daily in the first 30 days on tumor implantation, Rg3 significantly decreased the orthotopic tumor growth and increased the survival of animals (P<0.05). Rg3-treated mice showed a longer survival than the control (P<0.05). Rg3 treatment induced apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis. They contributed to the tumor shrinkage. Rg3 initialized the tumor apoptotic progress, which then weakened the tumor volume and its capability to produce the vascularized network for further growth of the tumor and remote metastasis. Conclusion. Rg3 inhibited the activation of microtumor vessel formation in vivo besides its apoptosis induction. Rg3 may be used as an adjuvant agent in the clinical HCC treatment regimen.

scholarly journals ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF CRATEVA MAGNA IN TRANSPLANTABLE TUMOR MODELS IN MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
ANKITA DEEP ◽  
SINDHU R ◽  
KENGANORA MRUTHUNJAYA ◽  
SANTHEPETE N MANJULA
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Ascites Tumor ◽  
Tumor Weight ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer and immunomodulatory activity of both the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Crateva magna (ALCM and AQCM) in solid tumor model and ascites tumor model in mice. Methods: The study was divided into in vitro and in vivo sections. In vitro, antioxidant activity of both the extracts was evaluated by well-established antioxidant assays such as α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power, and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging. Both the extracts were subjected for in vitro preliminary cytotoxicity screening by brine shrimp lethality assay and Trypan blue exclusion assay. In vivo antitumor activity of ALCM and AQCM was assessed at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively, by Dalton’s Lymphoma ascites induced robust tumor model and Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma induced ascites tumor model in mice. Substantial tumor volume, tumor weight, and % inhibition of the tumor weight in treated and untreated groups were evaluated. In addition to the investigation of antitumor activity, the possible immunomodulatory activity was also assessed. Results: The studies showed that the ALCM demonstrated more significant antioxidant activity. The results also showed more immunomodulatory activity when compared to AQCM. Conclusion: The study proves that the plant extract is of higher therapeutic efficacy in cancer. However, the extracts require more exploration toward its usefulness in drug discovery.

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