scholarly journals Sonochemical Degradation of Benzothiophene (BT) in Deionized Water, Natural Water and Sea Water

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijah Al-Zaydi ◽  
Christian Petrier ◽  
Sameera Mousally ◽  
Sana Arab ◽  
Moamen Refat
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Best Fit

This paper deals with the sonochemical water treatment of polycyclic aromatic sulfur hydrocarbons (PASHs), one of the most common impurities found in waste water coming from petroleum industry. The best fit of the experimental data appears to be the kinetic parameters determined using the Michaelis-Mentonmodel in the concentrations range of the study. For the initial increase in the degradation rates, it is simply considered that the more the bulk concentration increases, the more the concentration in the interfacial region increases. This will be explained by Michaelis-Menton kinetics. The influence of organic compounds in the water matrix as a mixture with Benzothiophene (BT) was also evaluated. The results indicated that BT degradation is unaffected by the presence of bisphenol A (BPA). Finally, the results indicated that ultrasonic action is involved in oxidation rather than pyrolitic processing in the BT sonochemical degradation.

Study of Sonochemical Effect on Dibenzothiophene in Deionized Water, Natural Water and Sea Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameera M. M. Mousally ◽  
Khadijah M. Al-Zaydi ◽  
Christian Petrier ◽  
Sana T. Arab ◽  
Moamen S. Refat
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

This paper deals with studying the sonochemical effect for water treatment purposes from the dibenzothiophene (DBT) as polycyclic aromatic sulfur hydrocarbons, one of the most impurities found in waste water coming from petroleum industry. A comparison for the results obtained from previous studies at 20 kHz and with our results at 352 kHz has been done. The influence of organic compounds in the water matrix, as a mixture with dibenzothiophene was also evaluated. The results indicated that some competition occurs in the case of the mixture Bisphenol A/dibenzothiophene. The results presented in this work depict the study of the interesting potential of ultrasound to treat different types of water contaminated with polycyclic aromatic sulfur hydrocarbons such as dibenzothiophene and comparison for the degradation profile with benzothiophene which explained previously by us.

Examination for Degradation Paths of Butyltin Compounds in Natural Waters

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Watanabe ◽  
S. Sakai ◽  
H. Takatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Clean Area ◽  
Butyltin Compounds ◽  
Sun Light

Examination of individual degradation paths (biodegradation and photolysis) of butyltin compounds (especially tributyltin: TBT) in natural waters was performed. Biodegradation of TBT and dibutyltin (DBT) in an unfiltered sea water in summer is rather fast; their half life is about a week. But pretreatment with glass fiber filter makes the half life of TBT much longer (about 80 days). Photolysis of TBT in sea water by sun light is rapid (half life is about 0.5 days), and faster than in distilled water or in fresh water. Degradation rates of each process for TBT are calculated in various conditions of sea water, and contribution rates are compared. Biodegradation will be the main degradation process in an “SS-rich” area such as a marina, but photolysis will exceed that in a “clean” area. Over all half lives of TBT in sea water vary from 6 days to 127 days considering seasons and presence of SS.

scholarly journals Comparison of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Consortia from Surface and Deep Waters of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: Characterization and Degradation Potential

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2246
Author(s):  
Georgia Charalampous ◽  
Efsevia Fragkou ◽  
Konstantinos A. Kormas ◽  
Alexandre B. De Menezes ◽  
Paraskevi N. Polymenakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Set Up

The diversity and degradation capacity of hydrocarbon-degrading consortia from surface and deep waters of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea were studied in time-series experiments. Microcosms were set up in ONR7a medium at in situ temperatures of 25 °C and 14 °C for the Surface and Deep consortia, respectively, and crude oil as the sole source of carbon. The Deep consortium was additionally investigated at 25 °C to allow the direct comparison of the degradation rates to the Surface consortium. In total, ~50% of the alkanes and ~15% of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were degraded in all treatments by Day 24. Approximately ~95% of the total biodegradation by the Deep consortium took place within 6 days regardless of temperature, whereas comparable levels of degradation were reached on Day 12 by the Surface consortium. Both consortia were dominated by well-known hydrocarbon-degrading taxa. Temperature played a significant role in shaping the Deep consortia communities with Pseudomonas and Pseudoalteromonas dominating at 25 °C and Alcanivorax at 14 °C. Overall, the Deep consortium showed a higher efficiency for hydrocarbon degradation within the first week following contamination, which is critical in the case of oil spills, and thus merits further investigation for its exploitation in bioremediation technologies tailored to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Tracing historical changes, degradation, and original sources of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jilin Province, China, by Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Xiangzi Jin ◽  
Han Yeong Kaw ◽  
Zakia Fatima ◽  
Maurizio Quinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Due to their wide distribution and availability, plant leaves can be considered interesting candidates as biomonitoring substrates for the evaluation of atmospheric pollution. In addition, some species can also retain historical information, for example, related to environmental pollution, due to their leaf class age. In this study, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle samples in function of their class age has been investigated to obtain information regarding the degradation constant for each PAH under investigation (α values ranging from 0.173 to 1.870) and to evaluate the possibility to correlate the presence of PAHs in needles with some important pollution environmental factors. Considering air pollutant variables registered in Jilin Province, significant correlations (at 95% confidence level) have been found between coal consumption per year and anthracene contents in needles, while fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene resulted correlated with coal consumption. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the total PAH concentration in needles, for both species, increased with their age (from 804 to 3604 ng g− 1 dry weight), showing a general tendency to accumulate these substances through years. PAH degradation rates increased instead with molecular complexity. This study could be considered a first trial to obtain historical environmental information by pine needles biomonitoring.

The evolution of under-ice melt ponds, or double diffusion at the freezing point

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seelye Martin ◽  
Peter Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Ice Melt

In an experimental and theoretical study, we model a phenomenon observed in the summer Arctic, where a fresh-water layer at a temperature of 0°C floats both over a sea-water layer at its freezing point and under an ice layer. Our results show that the ice growth in this system takes place in three phases. First, because the fresh-water density decreases upon supercooling, the rapid diffusion of heat relative to salt from the fresh to the salt water causes a density inversion and thereby generates a high Rayleigh number convection in the fresh water. In this convection, supercooled water rises to the ice layer, where it nucleates into thin vertical interlocking ice crystals. When these sheets grow down to the interface, supercooling ceases. Second, the presence of the vertical ice sheets both constrains the temperatureTand salinitysto lie on the freezing curve and allows them to diffuse in the vertical. In the interfacial region, the combination of these processes generates a lateral crystal growth, which continues until a horizontal ice sheet forms. Third, because of theTandsgradients in the sea water below this ice sheet, the horizontal sheet both migrates upwards and increases in thickness. From one-dimensional theoretical models of the first two phases, we find that the heat-transfer rates are 5–10 times those calculated for classic thermal diffusion.

FATE OF PETROLEUM COMPONENTS IN ESTUARINE WATERS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
South Atlantic Coast ◽  
Detrital Particles ◽  
Stream Waters

ABSTRACT Radiolabeled hydrocarbons and phenols were added to water samples from the Skidaway and Cooper Rivers, two estuarine rivers on the U.S. south Atlantic coast. The adsorption of hydrocarbons to particles and microbial degradation of different petroleum components were the processes studied. Alkanes, low molecular weight aromatics (benzene, toluene, naphthalene and methylnaphthalene) and phenols were rapidly degraded to 14CO2. Low degradation rates were observed for the higher weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, and benz(a)pyrene, and from 12 to 70% of these hydrocarbons were absorbed to suspended particles in the water. Radioauto graphs of particles after the addition of 3H-benz(a)pyrene and 3H-hexadecane to the water samples indicated the hydrocarbons associated with detrital particles. This detritus was composed of a mixture of clay, organic matter, plankton remains and living microbes. One area of the Cooper River had visible oil slicks and the degradation rates of added heptadecane (20 μg/l), naphthalene (30 μg/l) and methylnaphthalene (30 μg/l) were 0.4, 2.8 and 1.1 μg/I/day, respectively. In contrast, at a downstream site, where there were no visible slicks, the degradation rate of these same hydrocarbons were 0.1, 0.7 and 0.1 μg/l/day, respectively. Estuarine water had much higher hydrocarbon degradation rates than offshore and Gulf Stream waters.

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in Tween 80 surfactant solutions bySphingomonas paucimobilisEPA 505

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne J Luning Prak ◽  
Parmely H Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽  
Micellar Phase ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Surfactant Solubilization ◽  
Lower Biomass

The degradation rates of mixtures of pyrene (PYR), fluoranthene (FLA), and phenanthrene (PHE) by Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA 505 were measured in the presence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80. For strain EPA 505, FLA and PHE are growth substrates, while PYR is not. Linear degradation rates ranging from 0.05 to 2.2 mg·L–1·h–1were observed for FLA, PYR, and PHE at approximately 107colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. At lower biomass, PYR degradation exhibited lognormal degradation. The degradation rates of PYR, FLA, and PHE increased with increasing biomass and substrate concentration. At high FLA concentrations, FLA degradation rates were faster in the presence of surfactant than in the absence of surfactant, suggesting that some of the FLA was transported directly into the cell from the micellar phase. In mixtures, PHE was the preferred substrate and was utilized first, followed by FLA and then PYR. Once the competing substrates were degraded, the remaining substrate was degraded at the same rate or faster than the rate found in the single-substrate system. Based on the results with Tween 80, it appears that PHE, PYR, and FLA are competing for the same enzymatic sites.Key words: PAH mixtures, microbial degradation, surfactant, solubilization, EPA 505.

scholarly journals SIMPLE SCREENING FOR POTENTIAL CHRYSENE DEGRADING FUNGI

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Hidayat ◽  
Sanro Tachibana
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Simple Screening

<p>Chrysene is a class of organic compounds, arranged in four benzene rings, and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), It has been found to have a variety of toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity on microorganisms, plants and animals in environment. Nowadays, the most attention on degradation of PAHs is investigating degradation of high-molecular-weight molecules. However, microbes which have ability to degrade PAHs containing more than three benzene rings are more difficult to be obtained. In order to provide chrysene degrading fungi, this study was conducted for screening, and isolating the fungi from soil, and hence investigating the selected fungi having high chrysene degradation activity. From the 62 soil samples collected from Matsuyama-Japan, 92 isolates were found and 20 isolates of them grew well in Malt extract media contaminated with chrysene (covered up 90%). Among them, a fungus, Fusarium sp. has the highest activity to degrade chrysene compared to others screened fungi. This fungus was evaluated further on liquid medium from distilled water and sea water to confirm their validity in degrading chrysene. The result showed that Fusarium sp. F092 degraded 48% of chrysene, where the chrysene degradation showed no differences at salinity of 35o/oo. The effect of variation of enzymes activities on incubation times was evaluated simultaneously. When the fungus was grown in a liquid culture, the highest activity of 1,2-dioxygenase reached 203.5 UL-1 were observed on 30 days incubation and 29.7 Ul-1 for 2,3-dioxygenase on 40 days incubation. The products of chrysene degradation by Fusarium sp. F092 are, 1-hydroxy 2-napthoic acid and catechol. In conclusion, Fusarium sp. F092 shows a high potential activity degrade PAHs contamination .</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Screening, chrysene, bioegradation, Fusarium sp. F092</p>

scholarly journals Occurrence of PAHs in water samples of the Diep River, South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adetunji A Awe ◽  
Beatrice O Opeolu ◽  
Olatunde S Olatunji ◽  
Olalekan S Fatoki ◽  
Vanessa A Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in freshwater may aggravate the water crisis currently being experienced in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. However, there is dearth of data on the levels of PAHs, which is necessary for effective assessment of water quality as well as remediation strategies. This study therefore assessed levels of PAHs in the Diep River freshwater system of Western Cape Province, South Africa. A liquid-liquid extraction solid-phase extraction gas chromatography flame ionisation detection (LLE-SPE-GC-FID) method was developed to simultaneously determine the 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) listed priority PAHs in water samples. The SPE-GC-FID method allowed an acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.999) within the calibration range of 1 to 50 µg/mL. Instrument detection limits ranged between 0.02 and 0.04 µg/mL and instrument quantification limits between 0.06 and 0.13 µg/mL. Recovery study results were also acceptable (83.69–96.44%) except for naphthalene, which had recovery of 60.05% in spiked water matrix. The seasonal averages of individual PAH detected at the studied sites ranged between not detected (nd) and 72.38 ± 9.58 µg/L in water samples.

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