scholarly journals The Chemical Reactivity of Anthocyanins and Its Consequences in Food Science and Nutrition

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Dangles ◽  
Julie-Anne Fenger
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Electron Donation ◽  
Soft Electrophiles

Owing to their specific pyrylium nucleus (C-ring), anthocyanins express a much richer chemical reactivity than the other flavonoid classes. For instance, anthocyanins are weak diacids, hard and soft electrophiles, nucleophiles, prone to developing π-stacking interactions, and bind hard metal ions. They also display the usual chemical properties of polyphenols, such as electron donation and affinity for proteins. In this review, these properties are revisited through a variety of examples and discussed in relation to their consequences in food and in nutrition with an emphasis on the transformations occurring upon storage or thermal treatment and on the catabolism of anthocyanins in humans, which is of critical importance for interpreting their effects on health.

Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnurengam M. Sivakumar ◽  
Matin Islami ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Arezoo Khosravi ◽  
Shohreh Peimanfard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Background and objective: Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. Methods and results: This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. Conclusion: The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Investigation of Endodontic Sealers Exposed to Simulated Intracanal Heat Application: Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
David Donnermeyer ◽  
Magdalena Ibing ◽  
Sebastian Bürklein ◽  
Iris Weber ◽  
Maximilian P. Reitze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Heat Application

The aim of this study was to gain information about the effect of thermal treatment of calcium silicate-based sealers. BioRoot RCS (BR), Total Fill BC Sealer (TFBC), and Total Fill BC Sealer HiFlow (TFHF) were exposed to thermal treatment at 37 °C, 47 °C, 57 °C, 67 °C, 77 °C, 87 °C and 97 °C for 30 s. Heat treatment at 97 °C was performed for 60 and 180 s to simulate inappropriate application of warm obturation techniques. Thereafter, specimens were cooled to 37 °C and physical properties (setting time/flow/film thickness according to ISO 6876) were evaluated. Chemical properties (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were assessed after incubation of the specimens in an incubator at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis of physical properties was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis-Test (P = 0.05). The setting time, flow, and film thickness of TFBC and TFHF were not relevantly influenced by thermal treatment. Setting time of BR decreased slightly when temperature of heat application increased from 37 °C to 77 °C (P < 0.05). Further heat treatment of BR above 77 °C led to an immediate setting. FT-IR spectroscopy did not reveal any chemical changes for either sealers. Thermal treatment did not lead to any substantial chemical changes at all temperature levels, while physical properties of BR were compromised by heating. TFBC and TFHF can be considered suitable for warm obturation techniques.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Peptide Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4587
Author(s):  
Fanny d’Orlyé ◽  
Laura Trapiella-Alfonso ◽  
Camille Lescot ◽  
Marie Pinvidic ◽  
Bich-Thuy Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules

There is a challenging need for the development of new alternative nanostructures that can allow the coupling and/or encapsulation of therapeutic/diagnostic molecules while reducing their toxicity and improving their circulation and in-vivo targeting. Among the new materials using natural building blocks, peptides have attracted significant interest because of their simple structure, relative chemical and physical stability, diversity of sequences and forms, their easy functionalization with (bio)molecules and the possibility of synthesizing them in large quantities. A number of them have the ability to self-assemble into nanotubes, -spheres, -vesicles or -rods under mild conditions, which opens up new applications in biology and nanomedicine due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability as well as their surface chemical reactivity via amino- and carboxyl groups. In order to obtain nanostructures suitable for biomedical applications, the structure, size, shape and surface chemistry of these nanoplatforms must be optimized. These properties depend directly on the nature and sequence of the amino acids that constitute them. It is therefore essential to control the order in which the amino acids are introduced during the synthesis of short peptide chains and to evaluate their in-vitro and in-vivo physico-chemical properties before testing them for biomedical applications. This review therefore focuses on the synthesis, functionalization and characterization of peptide sequences that can self-assemble to form nanostructures. The synthesis in batch or with new continuous flow and microflow techniques will be described and compared in terms of amino acids sequence, purification processes, functionalization or encapsulation of targeting ligands, imaging probes as well as therapeutic molecules. Their chemical and biological characterization will be presented to evaluate their purity, toxicity, biocompatibility and biodistribution, and some therapeutic properties in vitro and in vivo. Finally, their main applications in the biomedical field will be presented so as to highlight their importance and advantages over classical nanostructures.

scholarly journals Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Zhou ◽  
Mustafa Habib ◽  
Tariq Javeed Zia ◽  
Asim Naseem ◽  
Anila Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Line Graph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Topological Invariants ◽  
Line Graphs ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ladder Graphs ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractGraph theory plays important roles in the fields of electronic and electrical engineering. For example, it is critical in signal processing, networking, communication theory, and many other important topics. A topological index (TI) is a real number attached to graph networks and correlates the chemical networks with physical and chemical properties, as well as with chemical reactivity. In this paper, our aim is to compute degree-dependent TIs for the line graph of the Wheel and Ladder graphs. To perform these computations, we first computed M-polynomials and then from the M-polynomials we recovered nine degree-dependent TIs for the line graph of the Wheel and Ladder graphs.

Preparation of Glass-Ceramics Using Molybdenum Tailings

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1431-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Rui Zhang ◽  
Ru Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Nucleation Agents

In order to utilization the molybdenum tailings which be deposited in large quantities. Test used it to prepare glass-ceramics as main raw material, TiO2 as nucleation agents and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system and wollastonite as the principal crystalline phase. Heat treatment system of glass-ceramics was based on the differential thermal analysis. The crystalline phase, microstructure and characteristics of glass-ceramics were analysis by XRD, SEM and physical, chemical properties test. The result shows that the performance of glass-ceramics was superior to the other types of building decoration stone.

scholarly journals THE ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BACILLUS PROTEUS X-19 AND RICKETTSIAE

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruiz Castaneda
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antigenic Factor ◽  
The Common ◽  
P Factor

Two substances differing in immunological behavior as well as in certain chemical properties have been isolated from soluble extracts of B. proteus X-19. Both substances appear to be polysaccharides. The first substance is precipitated from X-19 crude extracts by a relatively low percentage of alcohol and electrolytes (from one to two and a half volumes of alcohol). When purified as far as possible, it gives a negative biuret reaction, a positive Molish and has a nitrogen content of 4 per cent. This material, which we call X factor, has the immunological properties of the common antigenic factor in Proteus X-19 and typhus Rickettsiae, described elsewhere. It has the property of precipitating with typhus serum as well as anti-Proteus serum, even after treatment with hot alkali. The second substance we call P factor, suggesting a material which is proper to Proteus X-19 and has nothing to do with the Weil-Felix reaction. It is obtained from the crude extracts of B. proteus X-19 by treating the fluids from which the X factor has been removed with an excess of alcohol (seven to ten volumes, according to electrolytes in solution). The purified material shows a nitrogen content of a little less than 1 per cent, gives a negative biuret and a positive Molish reaction. The P factor produces precipitates with anti-Proteus serum in considerable dilution, but has no effect on typhus serum. It is quickly destroyed on treating with alkali, a fact in accordance with the results already cited, which were obtained by White with whole extracts of B. proteus X-19. The duality of the X-19 extracts seems to be explained by the isolation of two immunologically different factors; one which is alkali-labile and which is proper to B. proteus X-19; and the other which is alkali-stable and is the common antigenic factor in Proteus X-19 and typhus Rickettsiae.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of 4-({5-[(E)-(3,5-difluorophenyl)diazenyl]-2-hydroxybenzylidene}amino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 864-866
Author(s):  
Ramazan Tatsız ◽  
Veli T. Kasumov ◽  
Tuncay Tunc ◽  
Tuncer Hökelek
Keyword(s):  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chair Conformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supramolecular Network ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Independent Molecules

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C22H25F2N4O2, contains two crystallographically independent molecules. In one molecule, the two benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 1.93 (10)° and in the other molecule the corresponding dihedral angle is 7.19 (9)°. The piperidine rings in the two molecules adopt a similar distorted chair conformation, and both have pseudo-mirror planes passing through the N—O bonds. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond between the hydroxy group and the imine N atom is observed in both molecules. In the crystal, weak C—H...O and C—H...F hydrogen bonds, enclosingR22(6) ring motifs, and weak π–π stacking interactions link the molecules into a three-dimensional supramolecular network, with centroid-to-centroid distances between the nearly parallel phenyl and benzene rings of adjacent molecules of 3.975 (2) and 3.782 (2) Å.

scholarly journals Kandungan Antioksidan Teh Hijau Daun Mangrove dan Uji Efektifitasnya Sebagai Antikolesterol Pada Mencit

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Analuddin Analuddin ◽  
Andi Septiana ◽  
Wa Ode Harlis
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Ceriops Tagal ◽  
Ceriops Decandra ◽  
Lumnitzera Racemosa

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa antioksidan teh hijau dan menjelaskan efektifitas teh hijau daun mangrove sebagai anticholesterol pada mencit. Senyawa kimia bahan antioksidaan teh hijau pada daun mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. parviflora, Rhizophora stylosa, R. mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ceriops tagal dan C. decandra dianalisis dengan GCMS, sedangkan khasiat teh hijau daun mangroves sebagai antikolesterol di ujikan pada mencit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa senyawa bahan teh hijau bervariasi diantara daun mangrove yaitu polifenol sederhana ditemukan pada daun semua jenis mangrove yang menjadi sampel penelitian dengan konsentrasi yang bervariasi. Senyawa katekin hanya ditemukan pada daun mangrove Ceriops decandra, L. racemosa, R. mucronata dan R. apiculata. Di sisi lain, flavonoid terdeteksi hanya pada daun C. tagal, B. gymnorrhiza dan R. stylosa, sedangkan senyawa T-flavin hanya ditemukan pada daun B. parviflora. Teh hijau daun mangrove mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol mencit dengan kisaran 33,33 sampai 53,67% mengindikasikan besarnya potensi daun mangrove sebagai bahan  teh hijau antikolesterol.Kata kunci: bahan teh hijau, polifenol sederhana, katekin, flavonoid, antikolesterol, daun mangroveABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the antioxidant properties of green tea material in mangrove leaves and elucidate their capacity on reducing the cholesterol of mice. The chemical properties in  leaves of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. parviflora, Rhizophora stylosa, R. mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ceriops tagal and C. decandra were analyzed by GCMS, while their capability as anticholesterol of mice were examined. The results showed that simple polyphenols were found in all sampled mangrove leaves with different concentration, while the chatechine was found only in leaves of four mangroves including Ceriops decandra, L. racemosa, R. mucronata and R. apiculata. On the other hand, flavonoids was detected only in leaves of C. tagal,  B. gymnorrhiza and R. stylosa. Meanwhile, T-flavine was detected only in leaves of B. parviflora. However, green tea material for all of sampled mangroves showed high capacity to reduce cholesterol of mice that ranging from 33.33% to 53.67%, which indicated high potentitiality of mangroves leaves as green tea material of anticholesterol.Keywords: Green tea material, simple polyphenol, cathechin, flavonoid, anticholesterol, Mangroves leaves

scholarly journals Studies on Physio-chemical Properties of Maintainer, Restorer Lines and Hybrids of Chilies (Capsicum annuum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-138
Author(s):  
Maneechat Nikornpun ◽  
K. Tunjai ◽  
K. Kaewsombat ◽  
T. Tarinta ◽  
Danai Boonyakiat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Better Than

Physio-chemical properties of hybrid chilies (Capsicum annuum L.), parental lines and commercial varieties were evaluated in three experiments and showed significant differences among them. Heterosis, and heterobeltiosis were studied in hybrids while, combining abilities were investigated in maintainers and restorers. Positive statistical differences in the general combining ability of the maintainer lines for vitamin C, capsaicin and Hue were observed and general combining ability indicated that, CA1286 and CA1303, were good maintainers for the improvement of capsaicin and vitamin C. The other maintainers;-, CA1441 and CA1442, are good for the improvement of L* and Chroma. The maintainer, CA1441, was better than CA1442 for capsaicin content,- while the maintainer, CA1442, was better than CA1441 for vitamin C. Positivity and statistically significant differences among the restorers were  observed  for vitamin C, capsaicin, Hue and Chroma  and  the lines;-, CA 1447, CA 1448, CA 1449, CA 1450 and CA 1451, were useful for the improvement of these  physio-chemical properties of chilies. 

scholarly journals Using homogenization, sonication and thermo-sonication to inactivate fungi

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Campaniello ◽  
Antonio Bevilacqua ◽  
Milena Sinigaglia ◽  
Maria Rosaria Corbo
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Other Hand

Ultrasound (US), Thermo-sonication (TS) and High Pressure Homogenization (HPH) were studied as tools to inactivate the spores ofPenicilliumspp. andMucorspp. inoculated in distilled water. For US, the power ranged from 40% to 100%, pulse from 2 to 10 s, and duration of the treatment from 2 to 10 min. TS was performed combining US (40–80% of power, for 8 min and pulse of 2 s) with a thermal treatment (50, 55 and 60°C at 4, 8 and 12 min). Homogenization was done at 30–150 MPa for 1, 2 and 3 times. Power was the most important factors to determine the antifungal effect of US and TS towards the conidia ofPenicilliumspp.; on the other hand, in US treatmentsMucorspp. was also affected by pulse and time. HPH exerted a significant antifungal effect only if the highest pressures were applied for 2–3 times.

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