“Etiopathological Study of Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes and as per Ayurvedic concepts”

About santarpanjanya Vikaras1 like Sthaulya/Medoroga, Prameha, Hridroga Ayurveda presumes that faulty dietary habits and lifestyle errors in accordance with genetic make of an individual alters functions of different sets of Agni (especially Medodhatvagni), which may leads to defective tissue metabolism at one side and formation of Ama (reactive antigenic factor) like substances at other sites. Medhodhatvagni Mandata & Medodhatvagniansa vridhi2 increases the fatty contents in the body and Dhatus and Ama precipitate and initiates process of inflammation that laid down the backbone of basic matrix metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome and Prediabetes. In the present study is design to find out exact nidan and samprapti ghatak of the two clinical conditions.

Characterization of the recombinant Candida albicans β-1,2-mannosyltransferase that initiates the β-mannosylation of cell wall phosphopeptidomannan

Candida albicans is a yeast responsible for serious infections in immunocompromised patients. In the present paper, we report the identification of an enzyme that initiates the synthesis of a bioactive cell wall carbohydrate antigenic factor, the β-mannans.

Evidence for Rare Capsular Switching in Streptococcus agalactiae

ABSTRACT The polysaccharide capsule is a major antigenic factor in Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B streptococcus [GBS]). Previous observations suggest that exchange of capsular loci is likely to occur rather frequently in GBS, even though GBS is not known to be naturally transformable. We sought to identify and characterize putative capsular switching events, by means of a combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods, including pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiling, multilocus sequence typing, and surface protein and pilus gene profiling. We show that capsular switching by horizontal gene transfer is not as frequent as previously suggested. Serotyping errors may be the main reason behind the overestimation of capsule switching, since phenotypic techniques are prone to errors of interpretation. The identified putative capsular transformants involved the acquisition of the entire capsular locus and were not restricted to the serotype-specific central genes, the previously suggested main mechanism underlying capsular switching. Our data, while questioning the frequency of capsular switching, provide clear evidence for in vivo capsular transformation in S. agalactiae, which may be of critical importance in planning future vaccination strategies against this pathogen.

Emergence of Novel Streptococcus iniae Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains following Vaccination with Nonproducing Strains

ABSTRACT Streptococcus iniae is a major pathogen of fish, producing fatal disease among fish species living in very diverse environments. Recently, reoccurrences of disease outbreaks were recorded in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) farms where the entire fish population was routinely vaccinated. New strains are distinguished from previous strains by their ability to produce large amounts of extracellular polysaccharide that is released into the medium. Present findings indicate that the extracellular polysaccharide is a major antigenic factor, suggesting an evolutionary selection of strains capable of extracellular polysaccharide production.