scholarly journals Studies on Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oils

Molecules ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 12016-12028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Mancini ◽  
Federica Senatore ◽  
Donato Del Monte ◽  
Laura De Martino ◽  
Daniela Grulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Four Species of the Lamiaceae Family

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalva Paulus ◽  
Luana Aline Luchesi ◽  
Cleverson Busso ◽  
Marcela Tostes Frata ◽  
Paula Juliane Barbosa de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris

Aims: The biological properties of essential oils represent possible therapeutic alternatives, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and application in many areas of the industry. The objective was to determine the yield, chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia, Pogostemon cablin, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Brazil, in the period between June 2016 to May 2017. Methodology: The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution in broth, showing minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). Results: The average yields of essential oils from L. angustifolia, P. cablin, R. officinalis,and  T. vulgaris were (%) 0.85; 2.0; 1.20, and 1.19, respectively. The major components of lavender essential oil were linalyl acetate (40.1%) and linalool (35.2%); for P. cablin - patchoulol (31.5%), seichelene (13.6%) and α-bulnesene (15.6%); for rosemary - camphor (32.5%), 1.8-cineole (13.6%) and α-pinene (9.8); for T. vulgaris - thymol (47%), o-scimene (21.6%), and carvacrol (11.4%). Thyme oil showed the best results for antibacterial activity, and low values (0.195 µL mL-1) of minimum inhibitory concentration were needed to inhibit S. aureus and S. enteritidis, and for L. angustifolia, P. cablin, and R. officinalis higher concentrations of essential oil were required. The essential oils of P. cablin and T. vulgaris had the strongest antioxidant properties (12.08 and 10.2 µmol trolox mL−1). Conclusion: The essential oils evaluated have an inhibitory effect on the microorganisms under study and also interesting antioxidant activity, which could be used by medicine to control bacterial infections, with potential application as natural food preservatives and as nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Stearic Acid, Beeswax and Carnauba Wax as Green Raw Materials for the Loading of Carvacrol into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6267
Author(s):  
Juliana G. Galvão ◽  
Raquel L. Santos ◽  
Ana Amélia M. Lira ◽  
Renata Kaminski ◽  
Victor H. Sarmento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Carnauba Wax

The use of lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery systems has been growing over recent decades. Their biodegradable and biocompatible profile, capacity to prevent chemical degradation of loaded drugs/actives and controlled release for several administration routes are some of their advantages. Lipid nanoparticles are of particular interest for the loading of lipophilic compounds, as happens with essential oils. Several interesting properties, e.g., anti-microbial, antitumoral and antioxidant activities, are attributed to carvacrol, a monoterpenoid phenol present in the composition of essential oils of several species, including Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Nigellasativa and Origanum majorana. As these essential oils have been proposed as the liquid lipid in the composition of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), we aimed at evaluating the influence of carvacrol on the crystallinity profile of solid lipids commonly in use in the production of NLCs. Different ratios of solid lipid (stearic acid, beeswax or carnauba wax) and carvacrol were prepared, which were then subjected to thermal treatment to mimic the production of NLCs. The obtained binary mixtures were then characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The increased concentration of monoterpenoid in the mixtures resulted in an increase in the mass loss recorded by TG, together with a shift of the melting point recorded by DSC to lower temperatures, and the decrease in the enthalpy in comparison to the bulk solid lipids. The miscibility of carvacrol with the melted solid lipids was also confirmed by DSC in the tested concentration range. The increase in carvacrol content in the mixtures resulted in a decrease in the crystallinity of the solid bulks, as shown by SAXS and PLM. The decrease in the crystallinity of lipid matrices is postulated as an advantage to increase the loading capacity of these carriers. Carvacrol may thus be further exploited as liquid lipid in the composition of green NLCs for a range of pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Profiling of Essential Oils Components and Polyphenols for Their Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Grown in Different Environmental Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Maria Mikallou ◽  
Spyridon Petropoulos ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Power

In the present study, the yield, the chemical composition, and the antioxidant activities of the essential oils (EOs) of eight medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) cultivated under two environmental conditions characterized by a different altitude (namely mountainous and plain) were evaluated. Cultivation at different environmental conditions resulted in significant differences in the chemical composition and antioxidant activity for most of the studied species. In particular, high altitudes resulted in increased phenolic compounds’ content and antioxidant activity for artemisia plants, while specific parameters increased in the case of spearmint (total phenols) and rosemary (flavonoids). In contrast, in pelargonium, all the tested parameters were positively affected in the plain area, whereas, for laurel and sage, only flavanols remained unaffected. EO yield in mountainous pelargonium and spearmint decreased while, in mountainous laurel, pelargonium and spearmint increased when compared to plain areas. In addition, the major EO constituents’ content for most of the species were affected by environmental conditions. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were variably correlated with total phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols, depending on the species and the altitude. Lastly, in limited cases, antioxidant activity (DPPH or FRAP values) was positively correlated with some EO components (e.g., borneol and β-pinene in artemisia and laurel plants grown in the plain, respectively, or 1,8-cineole in mountainous grown verbena plants). In conclusion, environmental conditions (altitude) affected antioxidants’ content and EO yield and composition of the studied MAPs. These findings can be used to introduce cultivation of MAPs in specific ecosystems for the production of high added value products.

scholarly journals The Essential Oils of Rhaponticum carthamoides Hairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Skała ◽  
Patrícia Rijo ◽  
Catarina Garcia ◽  
Przemysław Sitarek ◽  
Danuta Kalemba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Rhaponticum Carthamoides ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lps Treatment

The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) of Rhaponticum carthamoides and were analyzed by GC-MS method. In the both essential oils 62 compounds were identified. The root essential oils showed the differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (55–62%) dominated in both essential oils. The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125 µg/mL). HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. This is the first report to describe the chemical composition of R. carthamoides essential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. The results show that R. carthamoides hairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants.

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