scholarly journals “Zero-Waste”: A Sustainable Approach on Pyrometallurgical Processing of Manganese Nodule Slags

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Sommerfeld ◽  
David Friedmann ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Bernd Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Nodule ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Pyrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Cobalt Copper

A continuously growing demand for valuable non-ferrous metals and therefore an increase in their prices at the metal exchanges makes it necessary and profitable to investigate alternative metal resources. Polymetallic deep-sea nodules contain cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum and nickel, and are highly abundant on the sea floor. Developing a metallurgical process to recover the metal content from manganese nodules can close the predicted supply gap of critical metals like cobalt. This paper investigated a potential extraction process for valuable metals from manganese nodules supplied by the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources. The samples originated from the German license area of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean. Due to a low concentration of valuable metals in nodules, a pyrometallurgical enrichment step was carried out to separate cobalt, copper, molybdenum and nickel in a metallic phase. The manganese was discarded in the slag and recovered in a second smelting step as ferromanganese. To aid the experiments, FactSageTM was used for thermodynamic modeling of the smelting steps. To increase metal yields and to alter the composition of the metal alloys, different fluxes were investigated. The final slag after two reduction steps were heavy-metal free and a utilization as a mineral product was desired to ensure a zero-waste process.

scholarly journals Oil Press-Cakes and Meals Valorization through Circular Economy Approaches: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7432
Author(s):  
Petraru Ancuța ◽  
Amariei Sonia
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Oil Cakes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The food industry generates a large amount of waste every year, which opens up a research field aimed at minimizing and efficiently managing this issue to support the concept of zero waste. From the extraction process of oilseeds results oil cakes. These residues are a source of bioactive compounds (protein, dietary fiber, antioxidants) with beneficial properties for health, that can be used in foods, cosmetics, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. They can also serve as substrates for the production of enzymes, antibiotics, biosurfactants, and mushrooms. Other applications are in animal feedstuff and for composites, bio-fuel, and films production. This review discusses the importance of oilseed and possible valorization methods for the residues obtained in the oil industry.

Environmentally benign process for selective recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by using conventional sulfation roasting

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 5904-5913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Lin ◽  
Chunwei Liu ◽  
Hongbin Cao ◽  
Renjie Chen ◽  
Yongxia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Selective Recovery ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Sulfation Roasting ◽  
Benign Process ◽  
P Recycling

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted intensive attention owing to their potential environmental risk and the importance of the supply of critical metals.

Conceptual Design of TMR-Less Manganese Nodule Mining System and the Economy Examination

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Yamazaki ◽  
Amon Yamada ◽  
Rei Arai ◽  
Naoki Nakatani
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Manganese Nodule ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Nodule Mining ◽  
The One ◽  
Very High

Manganese nodules on deep ocean floors have been interested in as future metal resources these forty years. The Total Materials Requirement (TMR) of the conventional proposed mining method, however, is very high because of the much lifted water with the nodules from the seafloor to the sea surface and the longer transportation from the mining site to the smelting plant. An innovative conceptual design of the TMR-less mining system is presented. The economy is examined and compared with the one of the conventional method.

Complex Pyrometallurgical Processing of Silicate Raw Material and Technogenic Waste into Market Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V.F. Pavlov ◽  
V.F. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Technogenic Waste ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Pyrometallurgical Processing

A new approach to solving the problem of complex nonwaste processing of bottom ash waste (BAW) of low-grade metallic and nonmetallic feeds has been set forth. The solution is based on deep recreative melting of various burden materials with dividing the flux into a metallic phase and a silicate part that virtually does not contain any metal oxides. It has been shown that, depending on the method of producing the flux, various materials are generated: a foamed X-ray amorphous material (foamed silicate) with a stable formulation, a fine mineral fiber or spheres depending on technological modes. It follows from this work that the obtained foamed material is a semiproduct used as a fill insulation, a raw material for manufacturing foam ceramics and optically transparent glasses in the visible and near-IR ranges, and a sorbent for collection of oil products. On the basis of the experimental data, an industrial waste processing facility has been developed.

Corrigendum to “Critical metals in manganese nodules from the Cook Islands EEZ, abundances and distributions” [Ore Geol. Rev. 68 (2015) 97–116]

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 1123-1130
Author(s):  
James R. Hein ◽  
Francesca Spinardi ◽  
Nobuyuki Okamoto ◽  
Kira Mizell ◽  
Darryl Thorburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Cook Islands

The Potential of Manganese Nodules as a Future Mineral Resource

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
David A. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
Manganese Nodule ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Manganese Copper

The manganese nodule is being given serious consideration as a mineral resource because of the increasing scarcity of manganese, copper, nickel, and cobalt in land resources. The feasibility of mining the manganese nodule has to take into account the technology, economics, and legal aspects of an operation of this magnitude. This paper is an overview of the considerations that must be made before the mining of manganese nodules becomes a reality. It deals with the reasons manganese nodules are important, what processes are proposed for the recovery and processing of the nodules, the economic considerations in an operation of this type, and the legal problems that will be encountered by this type of operation.

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