Electrochemical processing of ocean manganese nodules with microbial enhancement to recover valuable metals

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abha Kumari ◽  
K. A. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Electrochemical Processing ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Microbial Enhancement

scholarly journals “Zero-Waste”: A Sustainable Approach on Pyrometallurgical Processing of Manganese Nodule Slags

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Sommerfeld ◽  
David Friedmann ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Bernd Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Nodule ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Pyrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Cobalt Copper

A continuously growing demand for valuable non-ferrous metals and therefore an increase in their prices at the metal exchanges makes it necessary and profitable to investigate alternative metal resources. Polymetallic deep-sea nodules contain cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum and nickel, and are highly abundant on the sea floor. Developing a metallurgical process to recover the metal content from manganese nodules can close the predicted supply gap of critical metals like cobalt. This paper investigated a potential extraction process for valuable metals from manganese nodules supplied by the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources. The samples originated from the German license area of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean. Due to a low concentration of valuable metals in nodules, a pyrometallurgical enrichment step was carried out to separate cobalt, copper, molybdenum and nickel in a metallic phase. The manganese was discarded in the slag and recovered in a second smelting step as ferromanganese. To aid the experiments, FactSageTM was used for thermodynamic modeling of the smelting steps. To increase metal yields and to alter the composition of the metal alloys, different fluxes were investigated. The final slag after two reduction steps were heavy-metal free and a utilization as a mineral product was desired to ensure a zero-waste process.

scholarly journals The Reduction Behavior of Ocean Manganese Nodules by Pyrolysis Technology Using Sawdust as the Reductant

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-yi Deng ◽  
Dong-sheng He ◽  
Ru-an Chi ◽  
Chun-qiao Xiao ◽  
Jin-gang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Shrinking Core ◽  
Isothermal Kinetic

Ocean manganese nodules, which contain abundant Cu, Co, Ni and Mn resources, were reduced using biomass (sawdust) pyrolysis technology. Valuable metals were further extracted by acid leaching after the reduction process with high efficiency. The effects of sawdust dosage, reduction temperature, and time were investigated to obtain optimal operating parameters. The extraction rates of Mn, Cu, Co, and Ni reached as high as 96.1%, 91.7%, 92.5%, and 94.4%, respectively. Results from TGA show that the main pyrolysis process of sawdust occurs at temperature range of 250–375 °C with a mass loss of 59%, releasing a large amount of volatile substances to reduce the ocean manganese nodules. The pyrolysis activation energy of sawdust was calculated to be 52.68 kJ∙mol−1 by the non-isothermal kinetic model. Additionally, the main reduction reaction behind the main sawdust pyrolysis process was identified by the comparison of the assumed and actual TG curve. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the high valence manganese minerals were gradually reduced to Mn2O3, Mn3O4, and MnO by CO generated from sawdust pyrolysis. The shrinking core model showed that the reduction process is controlled by the surface chemical reaction with activation energy of 45.5 kJ∙mol−1. The surface of reduced ore and acid leached residue exhibited a structure composed of relatively finer pores and rougher morphology than the raw ore.

scholarly journals Recent Advancements in Metallurgical Processing of Marine Minerals

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ochromowicz ◽  
Kurt Aasly ◽  
Przemyslaw B. Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Metallurgical Processing ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Extraction Of Metals ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Polymetallic manganese nodules (PMN), cobalt-rich manganese crusts (CRC) and seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) have been identified as important resources of economically valuable metals and critical raw materials. The currently proposed mineral processing operations are based on metallurgical approaches applied for land resources. Thus far, significant endeavors have been carried out to describe the extraction of metals from PMN; however, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it lacks a thorough review on recent developments in processing of CRC and SMS. This paper begins with an overview of each marine mineral. It is followed by a systematic review of common methods used for extraction of metals from marine mineral deposits. In this review, we update the information published so far in peer-reviewed and technical literature, and briefly provide the future perspectives for processing of marine mineral deposits.

POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF SHALE PLAYS – ECOLOGICAL THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Punanova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Economic Use

This research considered the content of trace elements (TE), including potentially toxic elements (PTE) in shale plays and deposits in various regions of the world. Their comparative analysis was carried out and the highest concentrations of PTE in the shales of some regions were revealed. The author notes that the destruction of organometallic compounds occurs during the development of shale hydrocarbon (HC) using horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing – injecting large volumes of chemicals while increasing the temperature. During such destruction processes, PTE can escape into the environment: into groundwater, soil layers, and other objects of economic use, and also deteriorate well equipment. In connection with the noted environmental hazards present during the development of shale HC, this paper proposes to monitor the content of TE in both shale rocks as well as in extracted shale oil in order to mitigate the risks of their release into the environment. In addition, developers and scientists should consider the losses of industrially significant volumes of valuable metals that occur due to the lack of cost-effective technologies for their capture and extraction from naphthides.

A breakthrough method for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries without pre-sorting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Liang ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Juntao Hu ◽  
Yongqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Valuable Metals

Inspired by the process of "metallurgy first and then beneficiation" for disposing low-grade and complex mineral resources, we proposed a breakthrough method to recover valuable metals from spent entire lithium-ion...

scholarly journals Application of a cashew-based oxime in extracting Ni, Mn and Co from aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi M. Phan ◽  
Son A. Hoang ◽  
Son H. Vu ◽  
Hoang M. Nguyen ◽  
Cuong V. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Loaded Organic Phase ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Abstract Background Cashew nut shell is a by-product of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) production, which is abundant in many developing countries. Cashew nut shell liquor (CNSL) contains a functional chemical, cardanol, which can be converted into a hydroxyoxime. The hydroxyoximes are expensive reagents for metal extraction. Methods CNSL-based oxime was synthesized and used to extract Ni, Co, and Mn from aqueous solutions. The extraction potential was compared against a commercial extractant (LIX 860N). Results All metals were successfully extracted with pH0.5 between 4 and 6. The loaded organic phase was subsequently stripped with an acidic solution. The extraction efficiency and pH0.5 of the CNSL-based extractant were similar to a commercial phenol-oxime extractant. The metals were stripped from the loaded organic phase with a recovery rate of 95% at a pH of 1. Conclusions Cashew-based cardanol can be used to economically produce an oxime in a simple process. The naturally-based oxime has the economic potential to sustainably recover valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Graphic abstract

Synergic Mechanisms on Carbon and Sulfur during the Selective Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2271-2279
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Chunwei Liu ◽  
Xihua Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Zheng ◽  
Weiguang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Selective Recovery ◽  
Valuable Metals

scholarly journals Bioleaching of Pyrrhotite with Bacterial Adaptation and Biological Oxidation for Iron Recovery

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Bong-Ju Kim ◽  
Yong-Kwon Koh ◽  
Jang-Soon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Biological Oxidation ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Adaptation ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Dominant Member ◽  
Corrosion Pits

The microbially mediated recovery of valuable metals contained in mining waste presents an economical alternative to conventional hydrometallurgical processes. In order to investigate the effect of bacterial adaptation and biological oxidation on bioleaching, the microbially mediated bioleaching of a pyrrhotite sample from mine waste, with indigenous bacteria existing in acid mine drainage, was studied. The indigenous bacteria were sub-cultured repeatedly for iron adaptation, and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was identified as the dominant member of the microbial consortium. The point of zero charge (PZC) of pyrrhotite sampled from mine waste was determined as 3.0. The performance of bioleaching by contact and non-contact biological oxidation was compared by conducting bioleaching under different initial pH (pHini) conditions (2.8 and 3.2). Negatively charged bacteria could be attached onto the pyrrhotite, which has a positive surface charge at lower pHini (2.8) than the PZC (3.0). Bacteria attachment and corrosion pits on the surface of the pyrrhotite residues were observed at pHini of 2.8. Under bacteria-adapted conditions, the leaching concentration of Fe (44.2 mg/L) at pHini of 2.8 was 2.1 times greater than that (21.3 mg/L) at pHini of 3.2. Under non-adapted bacteria conditions, the extent of Fe leaching was not significantly different between the pHini of 2.8 and 3.2. This could be attributed to the fact that the adapted bacteria could more easily attach onto the pyrrhotite surfaces at pHini 2.8, allowing contact biological oxidation during the bioleaching experiments. We demonstrate here that the bioleaching of pyrrhotite could increase Fe recovery through bacterial adaptation and contact biological oxidation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document