scholarly journals Serodiagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Italy: Evaluation of Seven Serological Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Margherita Ortalli ◽  
Daniele Lorrai ◽  
Paolo Gaibani ◽  
Giada Rossini ◽  
Caterina Vocale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

This study compares the performance of seven assays, including two ELISA (Leishmania ELISA IgG + IgM, Vircell Microbiologists; Leishmania infantum IgG ELISA, NovaTec), three rK39-based immunochromatographic tests (rK39-ICTs) (Leishmania Dipstick Rapydtest, Apacor; On Site Leishmania IgG/IgM Combo Rapid Test, CTK Biotech; LEISHMANIA Strip quick Test, Cypress Diagnostic), one indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (Leishmania-Spot IF, BioMérieux), and one western blot (WB) (Leishmania WESTERN BLOT IgG, LDBio Diagnostics) for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Serum samples from 27 VL patients living in northeastern Italy were analyzed, as well as the serum samples from 50 individuals in whom VL diagnosis was excluded. The WB and the IFAT had 96% sensitivity, followed by the ELISA (63% and 74%, respectively). The rK39-ICT exhibited the worst performance among the serological tests, with sensitivities ranging from 52% to 70%. By combining selected ELISA/ICT, the sensitivity of VL detection reached 89%. IFAT and WB outperformed ELISA and rK39-ICT by possessing optimal sensitivity, but their high cost and complexity of execution would not allow their employment as screening tests. In conclusion, the combination of easy-to-perform tests, such as ICT and ELISA, could improve sensitivity in the serodiagnosis of Mediterranean VL.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eight Serological Tests for Diagnosis of Imported Schistosomiasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Friedemann Kinkel ◽  
Sabine Dittrich ◽  
Britta Bäumer ◽  
Thomas Weitzel
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

ABSTRACTThe diagnosis of schistosomiasis in individuals from countries where the disease is not endemic is challenging, and few data are available on the accuracy of serological diagnosis in those patients. We evaluated the performance of eight serological assays, including four commercial kits, in the diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis in individuals from areas where the disease is not endemic, including six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using three different antigens, an indirect hemagglutination assay, and an indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test. To analyze the assays, we used a total of 141 serum samples, with 121 derived from patients with various parasitic infections (among which were 37 cases of schistosomiasis) and 20 taken from healthy volunteers. The sensitivity values for detection of schistosomiasis cases ranged from 41% to 78% and were higher forSchistosoma mansonithan forS. haematobiuminfections. Specificity values ranged from 76% to 100%; false-positive results were most frequent for samples from patients with cestode infections. By combining two or more tests, sensitivity improved markedly and specificity decreased only moderately. Serological tests are useful instruments for diagnosing imported schistosomiasis in countries where the disease is not endemic, but due to limitations in test sensitivities, we recommend the use of two or more assays in parallel.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF A RAPID ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBANT ASSAY TEST WITH AN INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST IN DIAGNOSING EHRLICHIA AND ANAPLASMA INFECTIONS IN DOGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Kr. Gospodinova ◽  
G. Zhelev ◽  
V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to compare the diagnostic value of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) in detecting immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies to Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. METHODS: Seventy-four serum samples, obtained from dogs believed to be naturally infected with E. canis or A. phagocytophilum, were analyzed. RESULTS: By ELISA, 48 (64.9%) samples were found positive for IgG to E. canis, 10 (13.5%) to A. phagocytophilum, 12 (16.2%) to both E. canis and A. phagocytophilum, and in 4 (5.4%) samples no presence of antibodies was detected. The number of serologically positive dogs for IgG was 44 (59.5%) to E. canis, 10 (13.5%) to A. phagocytophilum, 16 (21.6%) to both E. canis and A. phagocytophilum, and 4 (5.4%) were determined negative by means of IFA. In most samples the antibody titer did not exceed 1:80 but in 5 it reached a level of 1:320, and in other 4 of even above 1:640. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that IFA assay is more sensitive than commercial ELISA rapid test when serum antibody titers are low.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of three serological tests for diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs using latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Basurco ◽  
Alda Natale ◽  
Katia Capello ◽  
Antonio Fernández ◽  
María Teresa Verde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests

Abstract Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a disease caused by Leishmania infantum. Serological methods are the most common diagnostic techniques used for the diagnosis of the CanL. The objective of our study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of one in-house ELISA kit (ELISA UNIZAR) and three commercially available serological tests (MEGACOR Diagnostik GmbH) including an immunochromatographic rapid test (FASTest LEISH®), an immunofluorescent antibody test (MegaFLUO LEISH®) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MegaELISA LEISH®), using latent class models in a Bayesian analysis. Two hundred fifteen serum samples were included. The highest sensitivity was achieved for FASTest LEISH® (99.38%), ELISA UNIZAR (99.37%), MegaFLUO LEISH® (99.36%) followed by MegaELISA LEISH® (98.49%). The best specificity was obtained by FASTest LEISH® (98.43%), followed by ELISA UNIZAR (97.50%), whilst MegaFLUO LEISH® and MegaELISA LEISH® obtained the lower specificity (91.94% and 91.93%, respectively). The results of present study indicate that the immunochromatographic rapid test evaluated FASTest LEISH® show similar levels of sensitivity and specificity to the quantitative commercial tests. Among quantitative serological tests, sensitivity and specificity were similar considering ELISA or IFAT techniques.

scholarly journals Active surveillance of canine visceral leishmaniasis and american trypanossomiasis in rural dogs from non endemic area

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozeani Olimpio Tome ◽  
Fernanda Conceição Gaio ◽  
Diego Generoso ◽  
Benedito Donizete Menozzi ◽  
Helio Langoni
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

The canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and american trypanosomiasis are important zoonoses in public health and dogs are the main domestic reservoir of the parasite for humans. The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of circulating antibodies anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania sp. in sera of dogs from the rural area of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. During the annual vaccination campaign against canine rabies in rural area, 689 blood samples were taken and processed by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The serological tests revealed the absence of antibodies anti-Leishmania spp., but anti-T. cruzi antibodies were detected in 3 (0.4%) dogs.

scholarly journals An epidemic ofMycoplasma pneumoniaein Manitoba: A Serological Report

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Sekla ◽  
Walter Stackiw ◽  
Gudrun Eibisch ◽  
Donna Kolton
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

Objectives: To report an epidemic ofMycoplasma pneumoniaein Manitoba and to discuss the limitations of the serodiagnostic tests used.Design: A retrospective analysis of the results of a province-wide serological testing for respiratory infections caused byM pneumoniae,using a complement fixation test and an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test for the detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies.Material: From April 1, 1987, to March 31, 1991, 12,804 sera were tested and a serological diagnosis of recentM pneumoniaeinfections were established in 509 (3.97%). From April 1 to September 30, 1991, an additional 2088 persons were tested; the 158 (7.5%) recent cases ofM pneumoniaewere subjected to analysis.Results: Compared with the previous three years, an increase in the number of recent cases ofM pneumoniaewas first noticed in July 1990 which persisted until September 1991. Of 856 single sera tested, 59 (6.8%) were recentM pneumoniaeinfections and 56 (96.1%) of these were positive for IgM antibodies. Of the 616 persons who submitted paired sera, 99 (16%) were recent infections, but only 46 (46.4%) had IgM antibodies. Primary infections (ie, positive for IgM antibodies) were detected in 102 (64.5%) and reinfections (ie, positive complement fixation test only) in the remaining 56 persons with recentM pneumoniaeinfections. Primary infections were detected more frequently in the ‘under 16’ than in the ‘over 16’ year age group (75% versus 55.8% of the recent cases ofM pneumoniaein each age group). Reinfections were more common in the older age group. Of the 158 recent cases ofM pneumoniae,30.3% had a pneumonia; of these, 21 (55.2%) were under the age of 16 years.Discussion:M pneumoniaeis an important cause of morbidity. Serological tests are used for the diagnosis despite their limitations. The detection of IgM antibodies in acute serum establishes a diagnosis of primaryM pneumoniae;however, their absence does not excludeM pneumoniae. Asecond (convalescent) blood test is required to diagnose all primary infections. To diagnose all reinfections, paired sera should be tested by complement fixation.Summary: Manitoba experienced an epidemic ofM pneumoniaein 1990–91. Properly selected serological tests can provide a specific and rapid diagnosis.

scholarly journals Intra-uterine exposure of horses to Sarcocystis spp. antigens

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Antonello ◽  
G.C. Cadore ◽  
F.L. Pivoto ◽  
G. Camillo ◽  
P. Braunig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

The aim of this study was to examine the intra-uterine exposure to Sarcocystis spp. antigens, determining the number of foals with detectable concentrations of antibodies against these agents in the serum, before colostrum ingestion and collect data about exposure of horses to the parasite. Serum samples were collected from 195 thoroughbred mares and their newborns in two farms from southern Brazil. Parasite specific antibody responses to Sarcocystis antigens were detected using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunoblot analysis. In 84.1% (159/189) of the pregnant mares and in 7.4% (14/189) of foals we detected antibodies anti-Sarcocystis spp. by IFAT. All samples seropositive from foals were also positive in their respective mares. Serum samples of seropositive foals by IFAT, showed no reactivity on the immunoblot, having as antigens S. neurona merozoites. In conclusion, the intra-uterine exposure to Sarcocystis spp. antigens in horses was demonstrated, with occurrence not only in mares, but also in their foals, before colostrum ingestion these occurrences were reduced.

scholarly journals Recombinant Dense Granular Protein (GRA5) for Detection of Human Toxoplasmosis by Western Blot

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Teng Ching ◽  
Yee Ling Lau ◽  
Mun Yik Fong ◽  
Veeranoot Nissapatorn ◽  
Hemah Andiappan
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression System ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Lysate Antigens

Toxoplasma gondiiinfects all warm-blooded animals, including humans, causing serious public health problems and great economic loss for the food industry. Commonly used serological tests require costly and hazardous preparation of wholeToxoplasmalysate antigens from tachyzoites. Here, we have evaluated an alternative method for antigen production, which involved a prokaryotic expression system. Specifically, we expressedT. gondiidense granular protein-5 (GRA5) inEscherichia coliand isolated it by affinity purification. The serodiagnostic potential of the purified recombinant GRA5 (rGRA5) was tested through Western blot analysis against 212 human patient serum samples. We found that rGRA5 protein was 100% specific for analysis of toxoplasmosis-negative human sera. Also, rGRA5 was able to detect acute and chronicT. gondiiinfections (sensitivities of 46.8% and 61.2%, resp.).

scholarly journals Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Pereira Spada ◽  
Diogo Tiago da Silva ◽  
Kennya Rozy Real Martins ◽  
Lílian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ◽  
Maria Luana Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
One Year

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in a rural area of Ilha Solteira, state of São Paulo. Blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by ELISA and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in order to diagnose CVL. From these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for CVL and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural properties, which were positive for L. longipalpis. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) light traps were installed in 12 properties (one per property) and insects were caught on three consecutive days per month for one year. L. longipalpis was present on 100% of the rural properties visited, at least once during the twelve-month interval, totaling 64 males and 25 females. The insects were more numerous after the peak of the rain, but the association between prevalence of peridomestic vectors and the climatic data (precipitation, relative air humidity and temperature) and the occurrences of CVL among dogs on each rural property were not statistical significant (p <0.05). However, the occurrence of CVL cases in dogs and the presence of L. longipalpis indicate that more attention is necessairy for the control of this disease in the rural area studied.

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