scholarly journals An epidemic ofMycoplasma pneumoniaein Manitoba: A Serological Report

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Sekla ◽  
Walter Stackiw ◽  
Gudrun Eibisch ◽  
Donna Kolton
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

Objectives: To report an epidemic ofMycoplasma pneumoniaein Manitoba and to discuss the limitations of the serodiagnostic tests used.Design: A retrospective analysis of the results of a province-wide serological testing for respiratory infections caused byM pneumoniae,using a complement fixation test and an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test for the detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies.Material: From April 1, 1987, to March 31, 1991, 12,804 sera were tested and a serological diagnosis of recentM pneumoniaeinfections were established in 509 (3.97%). From April 1 to September 30, 1991, an additional 2088 persons were tested; the 158 (7.5%) recent cases ofM pneumoniaewere subjected to analysis.Results: Compared with the previous three years, an increase in the number of recent cases ofM pneumoniaewas first noticed in July 1990 which persisted until September 1991. Of 856 single sera tested, 59 (6.8%) were recentM pneumoniaeinfections and 56 (96.1%) of these were positive for IgM antibodies. Of the 616 persons who submitted paired sera, 99 (16%) were recent infections, but only 46 (46.4%) had IgM antibodies. Primary infections (ie, positive for IgM antibodies) were detected in 102 (64.5%) and reinfections (ie, positive complement fixation test only) in the remaining 56 persons with recentM pneumoniaeinfections. Primary infections were detected more frequently in the ‘under 16’ than in the ‘over 16’ year age group (75% versus 55.8% of the recent cases ofM pneumoniaein each age group). Reinfections were more common in the older age group. Of the 158 recent cases ofM pneumoniae,30.3% had a pneumonia; of these, 21 (55.2%) were under the age of 16 years.Discussion:M pneumoniaeis an important cause of morbidity. Serological tests are used for the diagnosis despite their limitations. The detection of IgM antibodies in acute serum establishes a diagnosis of primaryM pneumoniae;however, their absence does not excludeM pneumoniae. Asecond (convalescent) blood test is required to diagnose all primary infections. To diagnose all reinfections, paired sera should be tested by complement fixation.Summary: Manitoba experienced an epidemic ofM pneumoniaein 1990–91. Properly selected serological tests can provide a specific and rapid diagnosis.

INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY METHOD IN SERODIAGNOSIS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kelen ◽  
L. Ayllon-Leindl ◽  
N. A. Labzoffsky
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Serological Tests

The principle of the indirect fluorescent antibody-staining procedure was adapted for use in the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis and the technique compared with other serological tests most commonly employed at present.The results obtained with normal and immune rabbit sera as well as human patients' sera indicate that the indirect fluorescent antibody test for toxoplasmosis is specific in a degree comparable to the complement fixation test, and is sensitive enough for routine laboratory use, its sensitivity being somewhat higher than that of the complement fixation test. The Sabin–Feldman dye test gave positive results with human sera from cases clinically unrelated to toxoplasmosis much more frequently and usually in higher titers than did the complement fixation and the fluorescent antibody tests. On the other hand, the dye test showed a few negative results on sera for which the other tests proved to be positive. The indirect fluorescent antibody test for toxoplasmosis is safer and simpler to perform than the dye test, as living organisms are not used in the test, and prepared smears of killed toxoplasma suspension on cover slips can be kept antigenically active in the frozen state for at least 6 months.The indirect fluorescent antibody test for toxoplasmosis is recommended for use in the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis either as a single test or as a supplementary test for checking complement fixation negative sera or the results obtained by the dye test.

scholarly journals Model Proficiency Testing Scheme for Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis: Interlaboratory Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Nannini ◽  
Manuela Tittarelli ◽  
Lucilla Ricci ◽  
Annamaria Conte ◽  
Bernardo Di Emidio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Correct Result ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Testing Scheme ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Qualitative Test

Abstract A model interlaboratory testing scheme was developed by the Italian National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis. This scheme was planned for both qualitative (Rose Bengal Plate Test; RBPT) and quantitative (Complement Fixation Test; CFT) serological tests and involved a total of 42 laboratories. In the preparation of this scheme, reference was made to general protocols and guidelines and to methods reported in the literature, which were applicable to analytical chemistry laboratories. Six field sera from naturally infected animals, one positive serum at a titer below the European Union (EU) positivity threshold, and 5 sera positive at titers between 20 and 851 International Units of Complement Fixation Test (IUCFT)/mL plus one negative serum were used to produce a panel of test sera. To evaluate laboratory performances in the quantitative test for each tested sample examined, z-scores based on robust summary statistics (the median and normalized interquartile range) were used. To evaluate overall laboratory performance, 2 types of combined z-scores were used: Rescaled Sum of Scores and Sum of Squared Scores. In the case of the qualitative test (RBPT), results were analyzed by a Bayesian approach. A Beta distribution, based on the result of each laboratory, was calculated and used to estimate the probability of each laboratory giving a correct result and its uncertainty.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eight Serological Tests for Diagnosis of Imported Schistosomiasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Friedemann Kinkel ◽  
Sabine Dittrich ◽  
Britta Bäumer ◽  
Thomas Weitzel
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

ABSTRACTThe diagnosis of schistosomiasis in individuals from countries where the disease is not endemic is challenging, and few data are available on the accuracy of serological diagnosis in those patients. We evaluated the performance of eight serological assays, including four commercial kits, in the diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis in individuals from areas where the disease is not endemic, including six enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using three different antigens, an indirect hemagglutination assay, and an indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test. To analyze the assays, we used a total of 141 serum samples, with 121 derived from patients with various parasitic infections (among which were 37 cases of schistosomiasis) and 20 taken from healthy volunteers. The sensitivity values for detection of schistosomiasis cases ranged from 41% to 78% and were higher forSchistosoma mansonithan forS. haematobiuminfections. Specificity values ranged from 76% to 100%; false-positive results were most frequent for samples from patients with cestode infections. By combining two or more tests, sensitivity improved markedly and specificity decreased only moderately. Serological tests are useful instruments for diagnosing imported schistosomiasis in countries where the disease is not endemic, but due to limitations in test sensitivities, we recommend the use of two or more assays in parallel.

scholarly journals Development of new antigens for serologic diagnosis of animal trypanosomosis and their use for epizootic monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ch. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Test System ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Federal State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test

The purpose of the research is developing a method for obtaining erythrocyte antigens containing and not containing Trypanosoma equiperdum and T. evansi DNA, which can later be used in serological reactions to differentiate these types of Trypanosoma.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in the Protozoology Laboratory and the Vyshnevolotsk Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV RAS”, as well as livestock farms of the Russian Federation and other countries using clinical, microscopic, hematological, parasitological, biomolecular and serological methods.Results and discussion. Studies carried out for the first time have shown that it is possible to use erythrocyte antigens containing the T. equiperdum and T. evansi DNA obtained after 3-fold administration to mice and rabbits of a mixture of trypanosomal antigen with addition of 1.0 ml of an adjuvant (aluminum hydroxide), and bleeding of animals at 25 to 30 days. The formed precipitate was used as an antigen for serological tests. Experiments have shown that blood for preparation of positive serum can be taken when antibodies are in titers of 1:20 in the Prolonged Complement Fixation Test, and at least 1:400 in the Indirect Hemagglutination Test and ELISA, and for negative serum when horse blood serum reacts negatively with antigens of T. equiperdum and T. evansi in the Prolonged Complement Fixation Test, Indirect Hemagglutination Test and ELISA. The test systems of the Prolonged Complement Fixation Test, Indirect Hemagglutination Test and ELISA prepared by us with antigens containing and not containing T. equiperdum and T. evansi DNA resulted in creating a universal test system (Indirect Hemagglutination Test) for differentiating T. equiperdum from T. evansi.

scholarly journals Serodiagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Italy: Evaluation of Seven Serological Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Margherita Ortalli ◽  
Daniele Lorrai ◽  
Paolo Gaibani ◽  
Giada Rossini ◽  
Caterina Vocale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

This study compares the performance of seven assays, including two ELISA (Leishmania ELISA IgG + IgM, Vircell Microbiologists; Leishmania infantum IgG ELISA, NovaTec), three rK39-based immunochromatographic tests (rK39-ICTs) (Leishmania Dipstick Rapydtest, Apacor; On Site Leishmania IgG/IgM Combo Rapid Test, CTK Biotech; LEISHMANIA Strip quick Test, Cypress Diagnostic), one indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) (Leishmania-Spot IF, BioMérieux), and one western blot (WB) (Leishmania WESTERN BLOT IgG, LDBio Diagnostics) for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Serum samples from 27 VL patients living in northeastern Italy were analyzed, as well as the serum samples from 50 individuals in whom VL diagnosis was excluded. The WB and the IFAT had 96% sensitivity, followed by the ELISA (63% and 74%, respectively). The rK39-ICT exhibited the worst performance among the serological tests, with sensitivities ranging from 52% to 70%. By combining selected ELISA/ICT, the sensitivity of VL detection reached 89%. IFAT and WB outperformed ELISA and rK39-ICT by possessing optimal sensitivity, but their high cost and complexity of execution would not allow their employment as screening tests. In conclusion, the combination of easy-to-perform tests, such as ICT and ELISA, could improve sensitivity in the serodiagnosis of Mediterranean VL.

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