scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Sparus aurata from Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Vanessa Salgueiro ◽  
Vera Manageiro ◽  
Narcisa M. Bandarra ◽  
Lígia Reis ◽  
Eugénia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Skin Samples

In a world where the population continues to increase and the volume of fishing catches stagnates or even falls, the aquaculture sector has great growth potential. This study aimed to contribute to the depth of knowledge of the diversity of bacterial species found in Sparus aurata collected from a fish farm and to understand which profiles of diminished susceptibility to antibiotics would be found in these bacteria that might be disseminated in the environment. One hundred thirty-six bacterial strains were recovered from the S. aurata samples. These strains belonged to Bacillaceae, Bacillales Family XII. Incertae Sedis, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Erwiniaceae, Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Staphylococcaceae families. Enterobacter sp. was more frequently found in gills, intestine and skin groups than in muscle groups (p ≤ 0.01). Antibiotic susceptibility tests found that non-susceptibility to phenicols was significantly higher in gills, intestine and skin samples (45%) than in muscle samples (24%) (p ≤ 0.01) and was the most frequently found non-susceptibility in both groups of samples. The group of Enterobacteriaceae from muscles presented less decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (44%) than in the group of gills, intestine and skin samples (76%). We found decreased susceptibilities to β-lactams and glycopeptides in the Bacillaceae family, to quinolones and mupirocin in the Staphylococcaceae family, and mostly to β-lactams, phenicols and quinolones in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families. Seven Enterobacter spp. and five Pseudomonas spp. strains showed non-susceptibility to ertapenem and meropenem, respectively, which is of concern because they are antibiotics used as a last resort in serious clinical infections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of species Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Lelliottia sp. and Pantoea vagans associated with S. aurata (excluding cases where these bacteria are used as probiotics) and of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnrB19-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata strain. The non-synonymous G385T and C402A mutations at parC gene (within quinolone resistance-determining regions) were also identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In this study, we found not only bacteria from the natural microbiota of fish but also pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and humans. Several antibiotics for which decreased susceptibility was found here are integrated into the World Health Organization list of “critically important antimicrobials” and “highly important antimicrobials” for human medicine.

scholarly journals Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽  
Shirina Khatun ◽  
F. K. Sayema Tanzia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the quality of drinking water supplied in different types of food stalls in Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh. A total of 35 water samples were collected from different tea stalls, street side fast food stalls, normal restaurants and well-furnished restaurants. The water quality was evaluated by determining the distinct physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results revealed that the water used in the food stalls and restaurants for drinking purpose was in desired quality in terms of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), phosphate (PO43−), chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. The values were within the permissible limit proposed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organization. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) found in several samples were higher than the World Health Organization standard. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Only 46% exceeded the permissible limit of Bangladesh Bureau Statistics. The threatening result was that the samples were contaminated by fecal coliform, indicating that the people of Jashore Municipality may have a greater chance of being affected by pathogenic bacteria. The drinking water provided in the street side fast food stalls was biologically contaminated. The findings demonstrate that the drinking water used in food stalls and restaurants of Jashore Municipality did not meet up the potable drinking water quality standards and therefore was detrimental to public health.

scholarly journals SPATIAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN GUILAN PROVINCE, IRAN

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1-W5 ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammadi Nia ◽  
A. Alimohammadi ◽  
R. Habibi ◽  
M. R. Shirzadi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Health Organization

The most underdiagnosed water-borne bacterial zoonosis in the world is Leptospirosis which especially impacts tropical and humid regions. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the number of human cases is not known precisely. Available reports showed that worldwide incidences vary from 0.1-1 per 100 000 per year in temperate climates to 10-100 per 100 000 in the humid tropics. Pathogenic bacteria that is spread by the urines of rats is the main reason of water and soil infections. Rice field farmers who are in contact with infected water or soil, contain the most burden of leptospirosis prevalence. In recent years, this zoonotic disease have been occurred in north of Iran endemically. Guilan as the second rice production province (average=750 000 000 Kg, 40% of country production) after Mazandaran, has one of the most rural population (Male=487 679, Female=496 022) and rice workers (47 621 insured workers) among Iran provinces. The main objectives of this study were to analyse yearly spatial distribution and the possible spatial clusters of leptospirosis to better understand epidemiological aspects of them in the province. Survey was performed during the period of 2009–2013 at rural district level throughout the study area. Global clustering methods including the average nearest neighbour distance, Moran’s I and General G indices were utilized to investigate the annual spatial distribution of diseases. At the end, significant spatial clusters have been detected with the objective of informing priority areas for public health planning and resource allocation.

Arsenic-hypertolerant and arsenic-reducing bacteria isolated from wells in Tucumán, Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 876-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maizel ◽  
Pilar Balverdi ◽  
Barry Rosen ◽  
Adriana M. Sales ◽  
Marcela A. Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Anions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Village

Arsenic-hypertolerant bacteria were isolated from arsenic-contaminated well water from the village of Los Pereyra in Tucumán province, Argentina. Microorganisms that biotransform arsenic are a major factor in arsenic mobilization in contaminated aquifers. Groundwater analyses showed a level of arsenic contamination (mean concentration of 978 μg·L−1) that exceeds the safe drinking water limit of 10 μg·L−1recommended by the World Health Organization and the Argentine Food Code. There was considerable spatial variability in the concentration of arsenic in each of the wells analyzed and in the distribution of the major anions HCO3–, SO42–, and Cl–. Eighteen bacterial strains were characterized. Six strains belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum were able to grow in media with 20 mmol·L–1As(III) or 200 mmol·L–1As(V) and were also highly resistant to Cr, Cd, and Cu. Their ability to biotransform arsenic was examined by speciation of the products by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In addition, two strains, Brevibacterium sp. strain AE038-4 and Microbacterium sp. strain AE038-20, were capable of aerobic arsenate reduction, which suggests that these strains could increase the mobility of arsenic by formation of more mobile As(III).

scholarly journals The Acinetobacter baumannii Znu System Overcomes Host-Imposed Nutrient Zinc Limitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Hesse ◽  
Zachery R. Lonergan ◽  
William N. Beavers ◽  
Eric P. Skaar
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutritional Immunity ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen capable of causing a variety of infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, wound, and burn infections. A. baumannii is an increasing threat to public health due to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains, leading the World Health Organization to declare A. baumannii a “Priority 1: Critical” pathogen, for which the development of novel antimicrobials is desperately needed. Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient that pathogenic bacteria, including A. baumannii, must acquire from their hosts in order to survive. Consequently, vertebrate hosts have defense mechanisms to sequester Zn from invading bacteria through a process known as nutritional immunity. Here, we describe a Zn uptake (Znu) system that enables A. baumannii to overcome this host-imposed Zn limitation. The Znu system consists of an inner membrane ABC transporter and an outer membrane TonB-dependent receptor. Strains of A. baumannii lacking any individual Znu component are unable to grow in Zn-starved conditions, including in the presence of the host nutritional immunity protein calprotectin. The Znu system contributes to Zn-limited growth by aiding directly in the uptake of Zn into A. baumannii cells and is important for pathogenesis in murine models of A. baumannii infection. These results demonstrate that the Znu system allows A. baumannii to subvert host nutritional immunity and acquire Zn during infection.

scholarly journals Mekanisme probiotik lactobacillus plantarum dalam sistem imun pada penderita diare

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Nadia Afifah
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Health Organization

Probiotics are defined as living microorganisms which, when consumed in sufficient quantities, can provide health benefits. Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus include probiotics. Probiotics can protect the digestive tract from adhesion to pathogenic bacteria. Diarrhea is a disease characterized by increasing the frequency of bowel movements more than 3-4 days. The cause of diarrhea can be in the form of infections (bacteria, viruses, parasites), food poisoning, drug use, and others. Diarrhea can also occur due to physiological changes such as: (1) increased intraluminal osmolarity, (2) increased fluid and electrolyte secretion, (3) presence of infectious agents in the intestinal wall. The management of the World Health Organization (WHO) is rehydration (ORS fluids), diet, zinc, selective antibiotics, and education to parents of patients. But lately, probiotics have been proven to accelerate the healing process of diarrhea patients. There are emat mechanisms in the immune system process for patients with first diarrhea, preventing adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the intestinal epithelium, both improving the function of the intestinal epithelium, the therapeutic effect of L. Plantarum will prevent bacteria from passing through the parasellular and transepithelial (transcellular) pathways to tissues outside the intestine, third inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, fourth induces immunoglobulin A (IgA)

scholarly journals Factors Obscuring the Role of E. coli from Domestic Animals in the Global Antimicrobial Resistance Crisis: An Evidence-Based Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Loayza ◽  
Jay P. Graham ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Health Organization

Recent studies have found limited associations between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in domestic animals (and animal products), and AMR in human clinical settings. These studies have primarily used Escherichia coli, a critically important bacterial species associated with significant human morbidity and mortality. E. coli is found in domestic animals and the environment, and it can be easily transmitted between these compartments. Additionally, the World Health Organization has highlighted E. coli as a “highly relevant and representative indicator of the magnitude and the leading edge of the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem”. In this paper, we discuss the weaknesses of current research that aims to link E. coli from domestic animals to the current AMR crisis in humans. Fundamental gaps remain in our understanding the complexities of E. coli population genetics and the magnitude of phenomena such as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or DNA rearrangements (transposition and recombination). The dynamic and intricate interplay between bacterial clones, plasmids, transposons, and genes likely blur the evidence of AMR transmission from E. coli in domestic animals to human microbiota and vice versa. We describe key factors that are frequently neglected when carrying out studies of AMR sources and transmission dynamics.

In-vitro evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Opportunistic bacterial infections are common in the various parts of human body. In recent years bacterial species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study measured the antibacterial activity of bacterial strains against five common pathogenic bacteria related strains. Cup plate method and two fold serial dilution method were used to evaluated by antibacterial activity by the help of different bacterial related strains. The results revealed that Cisplatin (CIP) using natural as a polymer showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml of the broth against all bacterial strains. CIP using natural as a polymer was prepared different doses1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ ml and measured zone of inhibition dose dementedly reduced when compared to standard. The CIP using natural as a polymer exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against five different species of bacteria and this may be attributed to various active components. Our research work has been indicated Nanoparticles containing CIP using natural as a polymer formulated for the enhanced anti-cancer activity through antimicrobial mechanism. 

scholarly journals MRSA Femoral Osteomyelitis From Superinfected Scabies Lesions: a Pediatric Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ugo Andrea Sartorio ◽  
Alice Marianna Munari ◽  
Patrizia Carlucci ◽  
Paola Erba ◽  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Matters Of Concern ◽  
Mixed Pattern

Abstract Scabies is a skin infestation from the Sarcoptes scabiei. It is considered a public health issue causing concern in developing countries and is one of the World Health Organization (WHO) Neglected Tropical Disease. Scabies skin lesions may cause severe itch and can be the portal of entry for opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria which can cause serious systemic infections. We report the case of a 3 year-old-boy with recurrent scabies infection presenting to the Emergency Department because of fever and refusal to walk. At medical examination he looked unwell, right thigh was extremely painful on palpation and blood test showed neutrophilic leucocytosis and significantly increased C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an osteomyelitis of metaphysis and distal diaphysis of the right femur with associated subperiosteal purulent collection and concomitant pyomyositis and fasciitis of the distal right thigh. Blood cultures turned positive for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. He received a long course of intravenous antibiotic therapy and his condition slowly improved. Follow-up femur X-ray showed a mixed pattern of erosion and sclerosis at meta-diaphyseal region and periosteal reaction at diaphyseal region. This case highlights the importance of early scabies diagnosis even in Western countries where poverty and household overcrowding are not matters of concern. Early diagnosis, timely begin of proper treatment and evidence of clinical resolution are important elements to prevent recurrence of infection and serious systemic superinfections even from multi-drug resistant bacteria. Clinical consequences from unrecognized disease or inadequate eradication are preventable.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Iron(II)–N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Paving the Way for a New Class of Antibiotics

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina S. Vinagreiro ◽  
Rita Lopes ◽  
Beatriz Royo ◽  
Gabriela Jorge Da Silva ◽  
Mariette M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Iron Complex ◽  
World Health ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
New Class ◽  
Structural Modulation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Way

The synthesis and structural modulation of five pro-ligand salts was achieved using alternative sustainable synthetic strategies, the use of microwaves being the method of choice, with an 81% yield and an E factor of 43 for 3d. After complexation with Fe3(CO)12 by direct reaction with the appropriate pro-ligands at 130 °C, a set of iron(II) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes were isolated and fully characterized (via 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis). The antibacterial activities of the iron(II)-NHC complexes were tested against standard World Health Organization priority bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The results showed a significant effect of the Fe(II)-NHC side-chain on the antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Among all compounds, the most lipophilic iron complex, 3b, was found to be the most active one, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 µg/mL. Pioneering mechanistic studies suggested an alternative mechanism of action (OH· formation), which opens the way for the development of a new class of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Phages in Food Industry Biocontrol and Bioremediation

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Pablo Cristobal-Cueto ◽  
Alberto García-Quintanilla ◽  
Jaime Esteban ◽  
Meritxell García-Quintanilla
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
A Current

Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and their use is a current promising alternative in biological control. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains are present in the livestock industry and phages are attractive candidates to eliminate them and their biofilms. This alternative therapy also reduces the non-desirable effects produced by chemicals on food. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 420,000 people die due to a foodborne illness annually, suggesting that an improvement in food biocontrol is desirable. This review summarizes relevant studies of phage use in biocontrol focusing on treatments in live animals, plants, surfaces, foods, wastewaters and bioremediation.

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