scholarly journals Mekanisme probiotik lactobacillus plantarum dalam sistem imun pada penderita diare

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Nadia Afifah
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Health Organization

Probiotics are defined as living microorganisms which, when consumed in sufficient quantities, can provide health benefits. Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus include probiotics. Probiotics can protect the digestive tract from adhesion to pathogenic bacteria. Diarrhea is a disease characterized by increasing the frequency of bowel movements more than 3-4 days. The cause of diarrhea can be in the form of infections (bacteria, viruses, parasites), food poisoning, drug use, and others. Diarrhea can also occur due to physiological changes such as: (1) increased intraluminal osmolarity, (2) increased fluid and electrolyte secretion, (3) presence of infectious agents in the intestinal wall. The management of the World Health Organization (WHO) is rehydration (ORS fluids), diet, zinc, selective antibiotics, and education to parents of patients. But lately, probiotics have been proven to accelerate the healing process of diarrhea patients. There are emat mechanisms in the immune system process for patients with first diarrhea, preventing adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the intestinal epithelium, both improving the function of the intestinal epithelium, the therapeutic effect of L. Plantarum will prevent bacteria from passing through the parasellular and transepithelial (transcellular) pathways to tissues outside the intestine, third inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, fourth induces immunoglobulin A (IgA)

scholarly journals Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽  
Shirina Khatun ◽  
F. K. Sayema Tanzia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the quality of drinking water supplied in different types of food stalls in Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh. A total of 35 water samples were collected from different tea stalls, street side fast food stalls, normal restaurants and well-furnished restaurants. The water quality was evaluated by determining the distinct physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results revealed that the water used in the food stalls and restaurants for drinking purpose was in desired quality in terms of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), phosphate (PO43−), chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. The values were within the permissible limit proposed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organization. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) found in several samples were higher than the World Health Organization standard. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Only 46% exceeded the permissible limit of Bangladesh Bureau Statistics. The threatening result was that the samples were contaminated by fecal coliform, indicating that the people of Jashore Municipality may have a greater chance of being affected by pathogenic bacteria. The drinking water provided in the street side fast food stalls was biologically contaminated. The findings demonstrate that the drinking water used in food stalls and restaurants of Jashore Municipality did not meet up the potable drinking water quality standards and therefore was detrimental to public health.

scholarly journals SPATIAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN GUILAN PROVINCE, IRAN

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1-W5 ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammadi Nia ◽  
A. Alimohammadi ◽  
R. Habibi ◽  
M. R. Shirzadi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Health Organization

The most underdiagnosed water-borne bacterial zoonosis in the world is Leptospirosis which especially impacts tropical and humid regions. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the number of human cases is not known precisely. Available reports showed that worldwide incidences vary from 0.1-1 per 100 000 per year in temperate climates to 10-100 per 100 000 in the humid tropics. Pathogenic bacteria that is spread by the urines of rats is the main reason of water and soil infections. Rice field farmers who are in contact with infected water or soil, contain the most burden of leptospirosis prevalence. In recent years, this zoonotic disease have been occurred in north of Iran endemically. Guilan as the second rice production province (average=750 000 000 Kg, 40% of country production) after Mazandaran, has one of the most rural population (Male=487 679, Female=496 022) and rice workers (47 621 insured workers) among Iran provinces. The main objectives of this study were to analyse yearly spatial distribution and the possible spatial clusters of leptospirosis to better understand epidemiological aspects of them in the province. Survey was performed during the period of 2009–2013 at rural district level throughout the study area. Global clustering methods including the average nearest neighbour distance, Moran’s I and General G indices were utilized to investigate the annual spatial distribution of diseases. At the end, significant spatial clusters have been detected with the objective of informing priority areas for public health planning and resource allocation.

scholarly journals Skin-specific antibodies neutralizing mycolactone toxin during the spontaneous healing of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax7781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Foulon ◽  
Amélie Pouchin ◽  
Jérémy Manry ◽  
Fida Khater ◽  
Marie Robbe-Saule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Healing ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Health Organization

Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical infectious disease, is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Without treatment, its lesions can progress to chronic skin ulcers, but spontaneous healing is observed in 5% of cases, suggesting the possible establishment of a host strategy counteracting the effects of M. ulcerans. We reveal here a skin-specific local humoral signature of the spontaneous healing process, associated with a rise in antibody-producing cells and specific recognition of mycolactone by the mouse IgG2a immunoglobulin subclass. We demonstrate the production of skin-specific antibodies neutralizing the immunomodulatory activity of the mycolactone toxin, and confirm the role of human host machinery in triggering effective local immune responses by the detection of anti-mycolactone antibodies in patients with Buruli ulcer. Our findings pave the way for substantial advances in both the diagnosis and treatment of Buruli ulcer in accordance with the most recent challenges issued by the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Sparus aurata from Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Vanessa Salgueiro ◽  
Vera Manageiro ◽  
Narcisa M. Bandarra ◽  
Lígia Reis ◽  
Eugénia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Skin Samples

In a world where the population continues to increase and the volume of fishing catches stagnates or even falls, the aquaculture sector has great growth potential. This study aimed to contribute to the depth of knowledge of the diversity of bacterial species found in Sparus aurata collected from a fish farm and to understand which profiles of diminished susceptibility to antibiotics would be found in these bacteria that might be disseminated in the environment. One hundred thirty-six bacterial strains were recovered from the S. aurata samples. These strains belonged to Bacillaceae, Bacillales Family XII. Incertae Sedis, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Erwiniaceae, Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Staphylococcaceae families. Enterobacter sp. was more frequently found in gills, intestine and skin groups than in muscle groups (p ≤ 0.01). Antibiotic susceptibility tests found that non-susceptibility to phenicols was significantly higher in gills, intestine and skin samples (45%) than in muscle samples (24%) (p ≤ 0.01) and was the most frequently found non-susceptibility in both groups of samples. The group of Enterobacteriaceae from muscles presented less decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (44%) than in the group of gills, intestine and skin samples (76%). We found decreased susceptibilities to β-lactams and glycopeptides in the Bacillaceae family, to quinolones and mupirocin in the Staphylococcaceae family, and mostly to β-lactams, phenicols and quinolones in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families. Seven Enterobacter spp. and five Pseudomonas spp. strains showed non-susceptibility to ertapenem and meropenem, respectively, which is of concern because they are antibiotics used as a last resort in serious clinical infections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of species Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Lelliottia sp. and Pantoea vagans associated with S. aurata (excluding cases where these bacteria are used as probiotics) and of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnrB19-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata strain. The non-synonymous G385T and C402A mutations at parC gene (within quinolone resistance-determining regions) were also identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In this study, we found not only bacteria from the natural microbiota of fish but also pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and humans. Several antibiotics for which decreased susceptibility was found here are integrated into the World Health Organization list of “critically important antimicrobials” and “highly important antimicrobials” for human medicine.

scholarly journals The Acinetobacter baumannii Znu System Overcomes Host-Imposed Nutrient Zinc Limitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Hesse ◽  
Zachery R. Lonergan ◽  
William N. Beavers ◽  
Eric P. Skaar
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutritional Immunity ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen capable of causing a variety of infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, wound, and burn infections. A. baumannii is an increasing threat to public health due to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains, leading the World Health Organization to declare A. baumannii a “Priority 1: Critical” pathogen, for which the development of novel antimicrobials is desperately needed. Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient that pathogenic bacteria, including A. baumannii, must acquire from their hosts in order to survive. Consequently, vertebrate hosts have defense mechanisms to sequester Zn from invading bacteria through a process known as nutritional immunity. Here, we describe a Zn uptake (Znu) system that enables A. baumannii to overcome this host-imposed Zn limitation. The Znu system consists of an inner membrane ABC transporter and an outer membrane TonB-dependent receptor. Strains of A. baumannii lacking any individual Znu component are unable to grow in Zn-starved conditions, including in the presence of the host nutritional immunity protein calprotectin. The Znu system contributes to Zn-limited growth by aiding directly in the uptake of Zn into A. baumannii cells and is important for pathogenesis in murine models of A. baumannii infection. These results demonstrate that the Znu system allows A. baumannii to subvert host nutritional immunity and acquire Zn during infection.

scholarly journals The Role of Micronutrients to Support Immunity for COVID-19 Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhtar H. Ahmed ◽  
Arez Hassan ◽  
Judit Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus, named as SARS-CoV-2, as a global pandemic in early 2020 after the disease spread to more than 180 countries leading to tens of thousands of cases and many deaths within a couple of months. Consequently, this paper aims to summarize the evidence for the relationships between nutrition and the boosting of the immune system in the fight against the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This review, in particular, assesses the impact of vitamin and mineral supplements on the body’s defence mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2. The results revealed that there is a strong relationship between the ingestion of biological ingredients like vitamins C–E, and minerals such as zinc, and a reduction in the effects of coronavirus infection. These can be received from either nutrition rich food sources or from vitamin supplements. Furthermore, these macromolecules might have roles to play in boosting the immune response, in the healing process and the recovery time. Hence, we recommend that eating healthy foods rich in vitamins C–E with zinc and flavonoids could boost the immune system and consequently protect the body from serious infections. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Co-Management of Active Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus Under Supervised DOTS Strategy—A Saudi Perspective

Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sarvath Ali ◽  
Marepalli Rao ◽  
Ahmed Sahly ◽  
Abdulazeez Alfageeh ◽  
Abdulrahman Bakari
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Health Organization

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health concern, specifically in countries which have high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, unhygienic conditions, etc. Some evidence has been presented that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for TB. On the other hand, among those who have DM, TB infection enhances glucose intolerance and worsens glycemic control. The combination of TB and DM, due to immuno-compromised status of DM, can delay the healing process of TB. The focus of this paper is the World Health Organization directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) program implemented in Gazan province, Saudi Arabia, to treat TB. The data included some patients with both TB and DM. The data has been analyzed to assess how effective the DOTS program was in managing TB. It was found that DM was not a significant factor in the outcome of TB treatment. We used the same data and observed that the non-significance of DM is due to heterogeneity of patient population, Saudis and Non-Saudis. The prevalence of DM was very high among Saudis. This is understandable in view of different lifestyles. Non-Saudis are predominantly Yemenis. For Saudis, DM was indeed found to play a role in the treatment outcome of TB, after an application of a classification tree methodology on the data. This is the main focus of the paper.

scholarly journals MRSA Femoral Osteomyelitis From Superinfected Scabies Lesions: a Pediatric Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ugo Andrea Sartorio ◽  
Alice Marianna Munari ◽  
Patrizia Carlucci ◽  
Paola Erba ◽  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Matters Of Concern ◽  
Mixed Pattern

Abstract Scabies is a skin infestation from the Sarcoptes scabiei. It is considered a public health issue causing concern in developing countries and is one of the World Health Organization (WHO) Neglected Tropical Disease. Scabies skin lesions may cause severe itch and can be the portal of entry for opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria which can cause serious systemic infections. We report the case of a 3 year-old-boy with recurrent scabies infection presenting to the Emergency Department because of fever and refusal to walk. At medical examination he looked unwell, right thigh was extremely painful on palpation and blood test showed neutrophilic leucocytosis and significantly increased C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an osteomyelitis of metaphysis and distal diaphysis of the right femur with associated subperiosteal purulent collection and concomitant pyomyositis and fasciitis of the distal right thigh. Blood cultures turned positive for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. He received a long course of intravenous antibiotic therapy and his condition slowly improved. Follow-up femur X-ray showed a mixed pattern of erosion and sclerosis at meta-diaphyseal region and periosteal reaction at diaphyseal region. This case highlights the importance of early scabies diagnosis even in Western countries where poverty and household overcrowding are not matters of concern. Early diagnosis, timely begin of proper treatment and evidence of clinical resolution are important elements to prevent recurrence of infection and serious systemic superinfections even from multi-drug resistant bacteria. Clinical consequences from unrecognized disease or inadequate eradication are preventable.

Inhibition of food poisoning and pathogenic bacteria by Lactobacillus plantarum strain 2.9 isolated from ben saalga, both in a culture medium and in food

Food Control ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 842-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sánchez Valenzuela ◽  
Gloria Díaz Ruiz ◽  
Nabil Ben Omar ◽  
Hikmate Abriouel ◽  
Rosario Lucas López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Food Poisoning
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