scholarly journals Effects of Weather and Environmental Factors on the Seasonal Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Irrigation Waters in Gyeonggi Province, Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Zhaoqi Wang ◽  
Hansaem Shin ◽  
Soontag Jung ◽  
Daseul Yeo ◽  
Hyunkyung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Foodborne Viruses ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Irrigation Waters

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of foodborne viruses in reservoirs (an important resource of irrigation water) and its correlation with environmental and weather factors. From May 2017 to November 2018, we visited ten reservoirs and a river in the Anseong region of South Korea and collected a total of 192 samples in accordance with the environment protection agency guidelines. We recorded the weather factors (temperature, humidity, and accumulated precipitation) and investigated the surrounding environment factors (livestock, fishing site, the catchment area of reservoirs, etc.). Our research results show that from the river and reservoirs, the detection rates of human norovirus GII, adenovirus, rotavirus, human norovirus GI, and astrovirus were 27.1, 10.4, 10.4, 4.16, and 3.1%, respectively. Their viral load ranged from −1.48 to 1.55 log10 genome copies/l. However, hepatitis A virus was not detected in any irrigation water sample. Although no sampling was performed in winter, foodborne viruses and male-specific coliphages were frequently found during spring (40.78%) and autumn (39.47%). Interestingly, the significant correlation between the accumulative precipitation and the number of detected norovirus and adenovirus was confirmed by linear regression analysis. Furthermore, when the accumulative precipitation ranged from 20 to 60 mm, it significantly affected the viral load and prevalence. Among the environmental factors, recreational facilities such as fishing sites and bungalow fishing spots were identified as contamination sources by correlation analysis. Our research results confirmed the correlations between environmental contamination factors in the reservoir and weather factors with the prevalence of foodborne viruses in the reservoir. These facilitates the assessment of potential foodborne virus contamination during crop irrigation. In addition, predictive models including environmental and weather factors should be developed for monitoring and controlling the safety of irrigation waters in reservoirs.

scholarly journals Feline herpesvirus 1 viral load related to environmental factors in sheltered cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Baumworcel ◽  
Joylson de Jesus Pereira ◽  
Ana Maria Barros Soares ◽  
Guilherme Nunes Souza ◽  
Nadia Regina Pereira Almosny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Environment Stress

ABSTRACT: Shelter environment stress factors are related to FHV-1 viral reactivation. However, comparisons between conjunctival viral load and environmental factors have not been commonly evaluated. The aim of this study was to correlate FHV-1 viral load in domestic cats with and without clinical signs of conjunctivitis to shelter design in order to use FHV-1 viral load as a parameter of “health management”. Cats from four different shelters underwent an ophthalmological examination. Samples were collected by rolling a DNA/RNAse-free cytobrush over the ventral conjunctival fornix and were stored in 1.5 mL sterile microtubes in 500 μL of Eagle’s minimum essential medium and kept at 4 ºC. Molecular procedures were performed up to 48 hours after collection. Different routines regarding new arrivals were directly related to FHV-1 viral load. Shelters where new arrivals occurred on daily basis had the highest viral load (2.69x108 copies/µL), while those shelters where new arrivals had not occurred in the few months prior to the beginning of the study had the lowest rate (1.63x103 copies/µL). Environmental factors directly influenced FHV-1 DNA viral load. This study highlighted the need to improve the management approach in the animal shelter environment to reduce stressful situations responsible for FHV-1 reactivation and higher viral load quantification.

scholarly journals Wildfire Detection Probability of MODIS Fire Products under the Constraint of Environmental Factors: A Study Based on Confirmed Ground Wildfire Records

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Ying ◽  
Zehao Shen ◽  
Mingzheng Yang ◽  
Shilong Piao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Omission Error ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Fire Size ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Wildfire Occurrence

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has been widely used for wildfire occurrence and distribution detecting and fire risk assessments. Compared with its commission error, the omission error of MODIS wildfire detection has been revealed as a much more challenging, unsolved issue, and ground-level environmental factors influencing the detection capacity are also variable. This study compared the multiple MODIS fire products and the records of ground wildfire investigations during December 2002–November 2015 in Yunnan Province, Southwest China, in an attempt to reveal the difference in the spatiotemporal patterns of regional wildfire detected by the two approaches, to estimate the omission error of MODIS fire products based on confirmed ground wildfire records, and to explore how instantaneous and local environmental factors influenced the wildfire detection probability of MODIS. The results indicated that across the province, the total number of wildfire events recorded by MODIS was at least twice as many as that in the ground records, while the wildfire distribution patterns revealed by the two approaches were inconsistent. For the 5145 confirmed ground records, however, only 11.10% of them could be detected using multiple MODIS fire products (i.e., MOD14A1, MYD14A1, and MCD64A1). Opposing trends during the studied period were found between the yearly occurrence of ground-based wildfire records and the corresponding proportion detected by MODIS. Moreover, the wildfire detection proportion by MODIS was 11.36% in forest, 9.58% in shrubs, and 5.56% in grassland, respectively. Random forest modeling suggested that fire size was a primary limiting factor for MODIS fire detecting capacity, where a small fire size could likely result in MODIS omission errors at a threshold of 1 ha, while MODIS had a 50% probability of detecting a wildfire whose size was at least 18 ha. Aside from fire size, the wildfire detection probability of MODIS was also markedly influenced by weather factors, especially the daily relative humidity and the daily wind speed, and the altitude of wildfire occurrence. Considering the environmental factors’ contribution to the omission error in MODIS wildfire detection, we emphasized the importance of attention to the local conditions as well as ground inspection in practical wildfire monitoring and management and global wildfire simulations.

scholarly journals Screening out of wheat varieties against arsenic contaminated soil and irrigation water

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
S Noor ◽  
NC Shil ◽  
S Mahmud ◽  
MB Hossain ◽  
AA Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Irrigation Waters

Field trials on wheat were conducted at severely arsenic contaminated areas of Jessore (Chowgacha and Sharsha), Faridpur (Poranpur) and also at low contaminated Shatkhira (Benerpota) during 2010-2011 and 2011-12. The major objective of the study was to screening out of arsenic tolerant wheat varieties. Five varieties of wheat viz. Shatabdi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26 were tested. Total arsenic contents in the soils were 36.4, 32.8, 28.5 and 6.8 mg kg-1 for Sharsha, Chowgacha, Poranpur and Benerpota, respectively. Irrigation waters contained 0.346, 0.272, 0.238 and 0.140 mg L-1 arsenic for Sharsha, Chowgacha, Poranpur and Benerpota, respectively. No significant variations in yield and yield components among the tested wheat varieties was observed despite of arsenic contaminations in the irrigation water and soil. The variety, Prodip contains 0.043 and 0.028 mg kg-1 arsenic in straw and grain, respectively, which was lower than the other tested varieties. But arsenic contents in all of the tested wheat varieties were found much lower than that of the permissible limit (1 mg kg-1). The transfer coefficient (TC) of arsenic from soil to above ground parts (straw + grain) of wheat varied slightly among the tested varieties where Prodip showed the lowest TC (0.0015-0.0018). However, BARI Gom-24 (Prodip) performed better in terms of arsenic content, uptake, biomass, yield and transfer coefficient and thus can be regarded as arsenic tolerant to a considerable extent.J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 42(1): 1-11, June 2016

scholarly journals Application of quantile regression in environmental epidemiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Szyszkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Environmental Epidemiology ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Weather Factors

Abstract Introduction. Among many problems present in studies evaluating associations between health conditions and exposure to ambient air pollution, there is the correlation between environmental factors. These issues are usually resolved by providing a correlation matrix for the parameters of interest. Aim. To explore correlations between environmental factors. Material and methods. As sample data we use environmental factors presented in Milan mortality data (Italy, 1980-1989) and emergency department visits for asthma in Windsor (Canada, 2004-2010). Here, we propose to use a series of quantile regression evaluations to emphasize and identify dependency among environmental factors. Results. This presentation outlines an important role to investigate the potential correlations among ambient air pollutants, weather factors, and the values of the Canadian Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). In environmental epidemiology studies, these components are usually used in a common statistical model. Their correlations affect the values of the estimated relative risks, odds ratios or other estimated health effects. The presented approach examines associations among the factors as well as changes in correlations along quantiles. The examples used in this study explain various environmental phenomena; for example, the negative relationship between ambient ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Conclusions. By a consequence, this work can aid in further developing policies aimed at reducing the health impacts of air pollution as it allows to identify highly correlated factors in the constructed models.

scholarly journals Perilaku Konsumtif Mahasiswa dalam Membeli Produk Fashion

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasan ◽  
Thamrin Tahir ◽  
Inanna Inanna ◽  
Tuti Supatminingsih ◽  
Nur Arisah
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
Group Variable ◽  
Dominant Influence

The student's decision to consume an item is also influenced by the student's personal characteristics. This research is a descriptive quantitative approach with survey techniques and online interviews using questionnaires filled out online using google form. There are five variables that are measured to determine the consumer behavior of students in buying fashion products, including: cultural factors, reference groups, roles and status, lifestyle, and learning. The population in this study were students of Economics Education, Faculty of Economics and Business, Makassar State University, batch 2019-2020, totaling 222 students. The sample amounted to 70 students. Based on the research data, it is known that the influence of cultural factors on the purchase of fashion products is 47.15%, the influence of reference group factors on the purchase of fashion products has a percentage of 72.62%, the influence of role and status factors has a percentage of 73.86%, the influence of style factors living has a percentage of 71.42%. And the influence of learning factors is 55.59%. So the role and status factors, reference groups, and lifestyle factors are more dominant that influence the consumer behavior of students in buying fashion products. Meanwhile, in simple linear regression analysis, the research results show that the research results prove that the variable that has a dominant influence on the fashion product purchase variable (Y) is the reference group variable (X2) where the regression coefficient value (β) is 0.368 it can be concluded that the reference group variable (X2) is the variable that has the most dominant influence on the variable purchasing fashion products (Y).

scholarly journals The Effect of CSR Disclosure On Firm Risk In Mining Companies Listed On IDX

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Sayu Aryantini Thanaya ◽  
A.A.G.P. Widanaputra
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Firm Risk ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Corporate Social

This research aims to obtain empirical evidence on the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on firm risk. This research was conducted on mining companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. The sample determination method is purposive sampling, with 109 observations. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that corporate social responsibility disclosure has a negative effect on firm risk. This means that the more CSR disclosure of a company, the lower the firm risk. The implications of the research results supports the signaling theory, stakeholder theory, and legitimacy theory, where risk management efforts are done by sending positive signals through the disclosure of CSR information, to gain the support and trust from the company's stakeholders, and increase the organization's legitimacy. On the other hand, this research provides additional information for all company stakeholders in making decisions. Keywords : CSR Disclosure; Firm Risk; Mining.

Prediction of cadmium concentrations in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) by pre-plant soil and irrigation water analyses

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. McLaughlin ◽  
N. A. Maier ◽  
R. L.Correll ◽  
M. K. Smart ◽  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Probability Curve ◽  
Water Analyses ◽  
Irrigation Waters

Potato tubers can accumulate high concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in edible portions, so that techniques to determine high risk Cd environments are required by growers. The use of combined soil and irrigation water analyses prior to crop planting was investigated as a means to predict risks of Cd accumulation in tubers. Soils and irrigation waters were analysed at 134 sites in the major potato production areas in Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and New South Wales. Irrigation waters were analysed for electrical conductivity (EC), major cations, and anions. Cadmium was extracted from soil using aqua regia (1 : 3 HNO3: HCl), EDTA (ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate), DTPA (diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate), 0·01 M CaCl2, 0·01 M Ca(NO3)2, 0·1 M CaCl2, and 1·0 M NH4NO3. The preferred test procedure was validated in a subsequent sampling and analysis program at 39 sites. Irrigation water quality (EC or Cl concentration), measured prior to planting, explained the greatest variation in tuber Cd concentrations. Of the soil test procedures, only Cd extracted by 0·01 M CaCl2 significantly improved the predictive capacity of water EC. These 2 measures explained >55% of the variance in tuber Cd concentrations. The data set were transformed to generate a probability curve for exceeding Cd concentrations of either 0·05 or 0·1 mg/kg fresh weight, the latter being the current maximum permitted concentration (MPC) in Australia for potato tubers. The probability of producing potato tubers exceeding 0·05 and 0·1 mg/kg fresh weight was >50% once irrigation water EC increased above 1·4 and 3·0 dS/m, respectively. Using the relationships developed, growers should be able to quantify Cd risks by a simple test of irrigation water EC prior to planting and, if further precision is needed, also determine CaCl2-extractable Cd in soil.

scholarly journals Location decision strategies for improving SMME business performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Barnard ◽  
Barendien Kritzinger ◽  
Janine Krüger
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the macro-environmental factors that may influence location decisions and how these choices may affect the business performance of SMMEs. Problem investigated: SMMEs in South Africa play an increasingly important role in stimulating economic activity, growth and employment creation. However, many SMMEs cease to exist within the first five years of operation due to various challenges faced by SMMEs on a daily basis. Many SMMEs owners disregard the importance of location, yet the geographical location can negatively influence the survival of the business. Several factors influence the choice of the location, which will ultimately have either a positive or negative effect on business performance. Methodology: A positivistic research methodology was adopted for this study. Seven hypotheses were constructed to achieve the primary objective of this study. The population for this study consisted of SMMEs in the Nelson Mandela Metropole from which a convenience sample of 175 SMMEs was selected. The measuring instrument, a self-developed questionnaire, consisted of three sections. The data collected included the demographical data of the respondents and their businesses, statements on location and various factors influencing location decisions as well as measurements of business performance. Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated to determine the reliability of the questionnaire items. Data analysis was done by calculating descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and conducting a simple linear regression analysis. Cohen's d was used to determine the significance of between-factor differences. Findings and implications: The results of the study showed that positive relationships existed between all the independent variables (location, rental rates, employment, inflation, interest rates and green buildings) and the dependent variable (business performance) except for the relationship between electricity tariffs and business performance. Employment and business performance attained the strongest positive relationship; indicating that business owners regarded employment as an important factor to consider when searching for suitable business premises. The relationship between location and business performance obtained the lowest positive correlation. Originality and value of the research: Research on South African SMMEs regarding location decisions and the specific factors identified in this study has not been done previously in South Africa. Therefore, because evidence exists that the macro-environmental factors influence location decisions to varying degrees, this study can provide SMME owners with insight into the factors influencing location choice. It is vital that business owners consider these factors as they could influence business performance, and ultimately, business survival. An increased awareness of the importance of the aspects discussed in this study could consequently lead to improved performance in the SMME sector.

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