scholarly journals In Depth Natural Product Discovery from the Basidiomycetes Stereum Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqing Tian ◽  
Peiji Zhao ◽  
Guohong Li ◽  
Keqin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Unidentified Species

Natural metabolites from microorganisms play significant roles in the discovery of drugs, both for disease treatments in humans, and applications in agriculture. The Basidiomycetes Stereum genus has been a source of such bioactive compounds. Here we report on the structures and activities of secondary metabolites from Stereum. Their structural types include sesquiterpenoids, polyketides, vibralactones, triterpenoids, sterols, carboxylic acids and saccharides. Most of them showed biological activities including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, radical scavenging activity, autophagy inducing activity, inhibiting pancreatic lipase against malarial parasite, nematocidal and so on. The syntheses of some metabolites have been studied. In this review, 238 secondary metabolites from 10 known species and various unidentified species of Stereum were summarized over the last seven decades.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME SELECTED NEPALESE MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
KHAGA RAJ SHARMA ◽  
KHEMINDRA RANA
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Bauhinia Purpurea

Objective: The main objectives of this study was to analyze the phytochemicals, determine the total flavonoid content, brine shrimp toxicity, antibacterial activity, evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic activities of nine medicinal plants Callicarpamacrophylla, Bauhinia purpurea, Plumeriarubra, Girardiniadiversifolia, Acacia nilotica, Woodfordiafruticosa (Bark) Woodfordiafruticosa (flower), Terminaliaalata, and Premnabarbata. Methods: The cold percolation method was adopted for the extraction of secondary metabolites in methanol. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed by colour differentiation methods. The radical scavenging activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antidiabetic activity was performed by α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity. The chemical constituent was isolated by column chromatography from the biologically active plant fraction. Results: The phytochemical investigation has shown plants are the rich source of secondary metabolites as quinones, saponins, terpenoids and glycosides. Among the nine tested plants, Terminaliaatalia showed the highest radical scavenging activity 96.41±0.47 with IC50 value 6.353 µg/ml, followed by Girardiniadiversifolia 97.26±0.67 with IC50 value 11.52 µg/ml whereas ascorbic acid has 39.85 µg/ml as standard. Bauhinia purpurea showed significant inhibition to the α-amylase enzyme having inhibitory concentration IC50 17.05±13.00 SD in a dose-dependent manner. Woodfordiafruticosa demonstrated significant toxicity to A. salina with LC50 value of 457.08 µg/ml. Callicarpamacrophylla bark showed a potential inhibitory activity against the growth of Straphylococcusaureus as compared to standard chloramphenicol. Active plant extract of Callicarpamacrophylla was subjected for column chromatography. Conclusion: Out of nine plant samples Terminaliaatalia showed the highest radical scavenging activity. The plant extract of Bauhinia purpurea showed significant inhibition to the α-amylase enzyme inhibition. Woodfordiafruticosa demonstrated significant toxicity to A. salina, whereas Callicarpamacrophylla showed the potent antibacterial activity. The active plant extract was subjected for column chromatography and different fractions were collected in solvent polarity basis. Conclusion: The phytochemical investigations showed that plant extracts are the rich sources of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, polyphenols, coumarins and reducing sugars which showed they are supposed to be responsible for different biological activities. IC50 values showed the varied degree of antioxidant property of which Plumeriarubra and Acacia nilotica exhibit good antioxidant property with IC50 value close to the standard ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and Radical Scavenging Ability of 5-O-Acyl Derivatives of Quercetin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Stephen Lo ◽  
Euphemia Leung ◽  
Bruno Fedrizzi ◽  
David Barker
Keyword(s):  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Acyl Derivatives

Quercetin is a flavonoid that is found in many plant materials, including commonly eaten fruits and vegetables. The compound is well known for its wide range of biological activities. In this study, 5-O-acyl derivatives of quercetin were synthesised and assessed for their antiproliferative activity against the HCT116 colon cancer and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines; and their radical scavenging activity against the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical species. Four derivatives were found to have improved the antiproliferative activity compared to quercetin whilst retaining radical scavenging activity.

Synthesis and Biological Activities of Hydroxytyrosol Ester Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Hao Zang Hao Zang ◽  
Qian Xu Qian Xu ◽  
Luyun Zhang Luyun Zhang ◽  
Guangqing Xia Guangqing Xia ◽  
Jiaming Sun and Junyi Zhu Jiaming Sun and Junyi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Better Than

A series of hydroxytyrosol (HT) derivatives were synthesized by modification of alcohol hydroxyl group of HT, twenty-five target compounds were obtained and characterized by NMR and HRMS. The antioxidant activities of those compounds were evaluated in three different assays. Except 3e and 3y, all other compounds demonstrated significant 2,2and#39;-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical cation scavenging activity ranging from IC50 3.4 to 24.4 μM, which were more potent than L-ascorbic acid (IC50=24.8 μM). Compounds 3b-3d, 3f-3k, 3m-3x were better than Trolox (18.3 M). Moreover, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of all compounds were discovered to be more potent than L-ascorbic acid (40.7 mmol/g), except 3e, all other compounds (141.5-202.1 mmol/g) were better than Trolox (94.7 mmol/g). Compounds 3a-3d, 3f-3j, 3l-3m, 3o, 3q, 3t, 3v-3y exhibited more potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50=245.1-475.1 M) than L-ascorbic acid (554.4 M) and Trolox (500.4 M). Compounds 3q, 3t and 3y exhibited more potent -Glucosidase inhibition activity (39.1-52.4 M) than Acarbose (60.9 M). Compounds 3a, 3d, 3f-3m, 3s-3t, 3v-3y showed some acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities, compounds 3a, 3d, 3f-3j, 3l-3m, 3o-3p, 3s-3t, 3w showed some butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities.

scholarly journals GC-MS Assisted Phytoactive Chemical Compounds Identification and Profiling with Mineral Constituents from Biologically Active Extracts of Aerva javanica (Burm. f) Juss. ex Schult.

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
Kandhan KARTHISHWARAN ◽  
Subban KAMALRAJ ◽  
Chelliah JAYABASKARAN ◽  
Shyam S. KURUP ◽  
Sabitha SAKKIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Mineral Constituents

Aerva javanica (Burm. f) Juss. ex Schult. (Family: Amaranthaceae) family is one of the traditional medicinal plant growing in the United Arab Emirates. Apart from studies related to some medicinal properties, phytochemical, GC MS compound characterization and biological activities still to be investigated. An experiment was conducted to determine the possible bioactive components with their chemical structures and elucidation of phytochemicals from the aerial parts of the plant. The macro and micro-mineral constituents and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Aerial parts of A. javanica were extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol by cold percolation method. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of methanolic extract were evaluated by using in vitro antioxidant assays such as hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Primary phytochemical and micro-macro element was tested using standard protocol. The chemical characterization was done with the help of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), and the mass spectra of the total compounds in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) library. Mineral constituents were identified and estimated by ICP-OES. Ninety-nine metabolites were obtained by GC-MS anslysis; indole was found to be major components followed by 2-Chlorallyl diethyldithiocarbamate (CDEC), Carbaril, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Quinoline, 4H-Cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene,2-[Bis(2-chloroethylamino)]-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine-2-oxide, Phenobarbital, 1H-Indole, 2-methyl-, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Disulfide, diphenyl. The presence of various bioactive compounds in the extract validates the traditional medicinal uses of this plant.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan Minuman Daun Beluntas Teh Hitam (Pluchea indica Less-Camelia sinensis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Paini Sri Widyawati ◽  
Tarsisius Dwi Wibawa Budianta ◽  
Yesiana Dwi Wahyu Werdani ◽  
Maria Olivia Halim
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Iron Ion

The research was conducted to explore the potency of pluchea leaves-black tea drink as antioxidant at various proportions. The research used a single factor randomized block design of pluchea leaves and black tea proportions, including 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100% (w/w). Each of it was repeated five times. The parameters observed in this study were secondary metabolites, total phenolic, total flavonoids, free radical DPPH scavenging activity, and iron reducing power. The data were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at α = 5%, if the analysis showed a significant effect then it was continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data was stated as mean ± standard deviation. The results showed that the secondary metabolites containing in drink from pluchea leaves and black tea at various proportions were alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. The increasing of black tea proportion in samples added the intensity of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides compounds detected, but the tannins were decreased. These secondary metabolites were correlated with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The increasing of black tea proportion in drink significantly decreased DPPH free radical scavenging activity and iron ion reducing power, except for 100% black tea proportion. Tannin compounds seems determining antioxidant activity.  Based on coefficient correlation between TPC or TFC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity or iron ion reducing power, the result showed that DPPH free radical scavenging activity was dominantly contributed by TPC and iron ion reducing power was determined by TPC and TFC. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi minuman daun beluntas teh hitam sebagai antioksidan pada berbagai proporsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor, yaitu proporsi daun beluntas teh hitam meliputi 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; dan 0:100% (b/b). Tiap faktor diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi kandungan metabolit sekunder, total fenolik (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH, dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada α = 5%, jika terdapat beda signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data dinyatakan dengan rata-rata ± standar deviasi.  Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam minuman daun beluntas teh hitam pada berbagai proporsi adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, tannin, dan kardiak glikosida. Peningkatan proporsi teh hitam menambah intensitas senyawa alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, dan kardiak glikosida yang terdeteksi, tetapi kandungan senyawa tannin berkurang. Kandungan metabolit sekunder ini berkorelasi dengan total fenolik (TPC) dan total flavonoid (TFC). Peningkatan proporsi teh hitam dalam minuman menurunkan kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi, kecuali pada proporsi teh hitam 100%. Kandungan senyawa tannin dalam minuman menentukan aktivitas antioksidan. Berdasarkan koefisien korelasi antara TPC atau TFC dan kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH atau kemampuan mereduksi ion besi, hasil menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dominan dikontribusi oleh TPC dan kemampuan mereduksi ion besi ditentukan oleh TPC dan TFC.

scholarly journals Bioprocessing of Squid Pens Waste into Chitosanase by Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 and Its Application in Low-Molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharides Production

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien Thang Doan ◽  
Thi Ngoc Tran ◽  
Van Bon Nguyen ◽  
Trung Dung Tran ◽  
Anh Dzung Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has become of great interest in recent years because of its worthy biological activities. This study aims to produce COS using the enzymatic method, and investigates Paenibacillus sp. TKU047, a chitinolytic-producing strain, in terms of its chitosanase productivity on several chitinous material-containing mediums from fishery process wastes. The highest amount of chitosanase was produced on the medium using 2% (w/v) squid pens powder (0.60 U/mL) as the single carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source. The molecular mass of TKU047 chitosanase, which could be the smallest one among chitinases/chitosanases from the Paenibacillus genus, was approximately 23 kDa according to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. TKU047 chitosanase possessed the highest activity at 60 °C, pH 7, and toward chitosan solution with a higher degree of deacetylation (DDA) value. Additionally, the hydrolysis products of 98% DDA chitosan catalyzed by TKU047 chitosanase showed the degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 2 to 9, suggesting that it was an endo-type activity chitosanase. The free radical scavenging activity of the obtained chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was determined. The result showed that COS produced with Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 chitosanase expressed a higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than that from the commercial COSs with maximum activity and IC50 values of 81.20% and 1.02 mg/mL; 18.63% and 15.37 mg/mL; and 15.96% and 15.16 mg/mL, respectively. As such, Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 may have potential use in converting squid pens waste to produce chitosanase as an enzyme for bio-activity COS preparation.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, in-vitro biological and chemo-preventive profiling of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume tuber extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saira Tabassum ◽  
Muhammad Zia ◽  
Esperanza J. Carcahe de Blanco ◽  
Riffat Batool ◽  
Roohi Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Meoh Extract ◽  
Etoac Extract

Abstract Background Arisaema jacquemontii is traditionally used in treatment of different diseases. In this study, phytochemical, in vitro biological and chemo-preventive screening of A. jacquemontii was carried out to explore its pharmacological potential. Methods The dried tuber of A. jacquemontii was extracted in 11 organic solvent mixture of different polarity. The extracts were screened for phytochemical assays (phenolics and flavonoids), antioxidants potential (free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, reducing power), biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antileishmanial, protein kinase inhibition), and chemopreventive activities using different cell lines through standard protocols. Results Significant amount phenolic contents were determined in EtOH and MeOH extracts (210.3 ± 3.05 and 193.2 ± 3.15 μg GAE/mg, respectively). Maximum flavonoid content was determined in MeOH extract (22.4 ± 4.04 μg QE/mg). Noteworthy, DPPH scavenging activity was also recorded for MeOH extract (87.66%) followed by MeOH+EtOAc extract (85.11%). Considerable antioxidant capacity (7.8 ± 0.12 μg AAE/mg) and reducing power (3.1 ± 0.15 μg AAE/mg) was observed in extract of MeOH. The LC50 against brine shrimp and leishmanial parasite was found 9.01 and 12.87 μg/mL for n-Hex and CHCl3 extracts, respectively. The highest zone of inhibition against Streptomyces hyphae formation (12.5 ± 1.77 mm) by n-Hex extract. Growth zone of inhibition 13.8 ± 1.08 mm was recorded for EtOAc and MeOH extracts, respectively against Micrococcus luteus while 10.0 ± 0.11 mm for MeOH extract against Aspergillus flavus. In-vitro cytotoxic assay showed that n-Hex extract had higher cytotoxicity against DU-145 prostate cancer and HL-60 cancer cell lines. NF-kB and MTP potential showed 34.01 and 44.87 μg/mL for n-Hex and CHCl3 extracts, respectively in chemo-preventive potential. Conclusion The study concludes that Arisaema jacquemontii bears significant phytochemical activity and pharmacological activities, this plant can be further explored for isolation of active component against a number of aliments.

scholarly journals Tetrapleura tetraptera of Ghanaian Origin: Phytochemistry, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Plant Parts

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Christopher Larbie ◽  
Felix Charles Mills- Robertson ◽  
Emmanuel Bright Quaicoe ◽  
Rita Opoku ◽  
Naomi Chounbayor Kabiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Introduction: The role of medicinal plants in meeting the healthcare needs of the populace, particularly in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. They provide holistic treatment and wellbeing due to a plethora of phytochemicals found in them. Among such is Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub., a multipurpose tree plant with varied biological activities. The current study was aimed at assessing the basic phytochemical constituents, free radical scavenging activity as well as the antimicrobial effect on various solvent extracts of leaves, fruit and stem bark of T. tetraptera of Ghanaian origin. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, 50% hydroethanolic and methanolic extracts were made from the leaves, fruits, and stem bark of T. tetraptera. They were assessed for the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, antimicrobial activity as well as the spectroscopic properties (Ultraviolet – visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). Compounds in the methanolic extracts were evaluated using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: Tannins, reducing sugars, coumarins and flavonoids were present in all extracts while hydroethanolic and methanolic extracts were rich in phenols, tannins and flavonoids, especially for the stem bark. Leaf extracts had better antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis. Conclusion: Generally, leaves and stem bark extracts of T. tetraptera are rich in biologically active phytochemicals, supporting their use in ethnomedicine and could be exploited further for other biological activities.

scholarly journals Bagged Aronia Melanocarpa Tea: Phenolic Profileand Antioxidant Activity / Aronia Melanocarpa Filter Čaj: Fenolni Profil I Antioksidativna Aktivnost

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Veljković ◽  
Jelena Brcanović ◽  
Aleksandra Pavlović ◽  
Snežana Mitić ◽  
Biljana Kaličanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Tea Infusions

Summary While there is a large number of scientific papers reporting chemical composition and biological activities of Aronia melanocarpa, there is a lack information regarding the commercially available bagged tea. In order to supply new information on the antioxidant activity of the Aronia melanocarpa tea infusions, the aim of this study was to evaluate individual phenolic compounds which could be responsible for antioxidant activities of these beverages. Selected anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin- 3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-xyloside), gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, morin, and protocatechuic acid were simultaneously detected from commercially available tea infusions using a High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method. The antioxidant activity was measured using five in vitro spectrophotometric methods: 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS), ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduction power (RP)Fe(III) to Fe(II). Obtained results showed that anthocyanins, predominantly of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, are the major class of polyphenolic compounds in tea infusions. Among phenolic acids the most abundant is caffeic acid. A significant correlation between DPPH and ABTS and FRAP and RP suggested that antioxidant components in these beverages were capable scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidants. Generally, these beverages had relatively high antioxidant capacities and could be important dietary sources of antioxidant phenolics for the prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress.

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