scholarly journals Pantoea spp. Associated with Smooth Crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) Seed Inhibit Competitor Plant Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
James F. White ◽  
Kathryn L. Kingsley ◽  
Katherine H. Diehl ◽  
Satish K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Pantoea Ananatis ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. and Poa annua L. are competitive, early successional species which are usually considered weeds in agricultural and turfgrass systems. Bacteria and fungi associated with D. ischaemum and P. annua seed may contribute to their competitiveness by antagonizing competitor forbs, and were studied in axenic culture. Pantoea spp. were the most common bacterial isolate of D. ischaemum seed, while Epicoccum and Curvularia spp. were common fungal isolates. A variety of species were collected from non-surface sterilized P. annua. Certain Pantoea spp. isolates were antagonistic to competitor forbs Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens. All bacterial isolates that affected T. officinale mortality were isolated from D. ischaemum seed while none of the P. annua isolates affected mortality. Two selected bacterial isolates identified as Pantoea ananatis were evaluated further on D. ischaemum, T. repens (a competitor forb) and P. annua (a competitor grass) alone and in combination with a Curvularia sp. fungus. These bacteria alone caused >65% T. repens seedling mortality but did not affect P. annua seedling mortality. These experiments demonstrate that Pantoea ananatis associated with D. ischaemum seeds is antagonistic to competitor forbs in axenic culture. The weedy character of D. ischaemum could at least in part stem from the possession of bacteria that are antagonistic to competitor species.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Activity and Characterization of Indigenous Soil Isolates of Bacteria and Fungi Against Onion Wilt Incited by Fusarium sp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Karim ◽  
Andi Asmawati ◽  
Oslan Jumadi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Tuber rot disease due to phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) infection is one of the main factors causing the decreasing amount of global shallot production. This study aims to find bacteria and fungi candidates which have Foc antagonistic activity through in vitro tests using dual culture techniques. A total of five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy onion plants showed the ability to inhibit Foc growth. B1 and B4 bacterial isolates had an average inhibitory capability of 65.93% and 72.27% respectively. Whereas C1 and C2 fungal isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Foc by as much as 74.82% and 67.76% respectively. The four tested microbial isolates were able to significantly inhibit Foc activity in vitro based on the ANOVA test, with values α = 0.05, and n = 3. Molecular analysis based on 16S-rRNA markers showed bacterial isolates B1 and B4 have an evolutionary relationship with B. subtilis. Whereas fungi C1 and C2 have evolutionary relationships with Aspergillus tubingensis and Trichoderma asperellum respectively, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene markers. The results of this study can be used to develop indigenous microbial consortiums as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) on shallots.

scholarly journals Bioprospecting of microbial isolates from biodynamic preparations for PGPR and biocontrol properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-651
Author(s):  
S. Vaish ◽  
◽  
N. Garg ◽  
I.Z. Ahmad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Microbial Isolates

Aim: To study the role of microorganisms behind their bioenhancing, biocontrol properties, their enzymatic potential, and characterization of high performing microbial isolates on molecular basis. Methodology: Dominant culturable microbes including bacteria and fungi were isolated from biodynamic preparations and screened on the basis of plant-growth promoting (PGP) activities viz., ammonia production, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, hydrogen cyanide production, seed germination efficacy and biocontrol properties. The dominant and effective microorganisms were screened for enzymes activities viz., pectinase, cellulase and amylase. The selected bacterial and fungal isolates, exhibiting higher enzyme activities, were subjected to molecular characterization. Results: Out of 68 bacterial and 25 fungal isolates from 8 biodynamic preparations (BD 500 - BD 507), 15 bacterial isolates exhibited high plant growth promoting activities while 10 bacterial isolates exhibited biocontrol activity against pathogens. Bacillus licheniformis isolated from BD 504, expressed high pectinase (2.595 U ml-1 min-1), cellulase (0.308 U ml-1 min-1) and amylase (0.418 U ml-1 min-1) activities. Fungal isolates with high enzymatic activities, were isolated from BD 500, 503 and 506, respectively. Interpretation: Microorganism isolates from biodynamic preparations possessed strong plant growth promoting, biocontrol and enzymatic properties, which might be responsible for the efficacy of organic preparations under field conditions.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization of Phosphatase Producing Bacteria and Fungi-Their Effect on Enhancing the Growth of Vigna radiata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandi Aruna ◽  
Sejal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Phosphate Nutrition ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Background: Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) are considered as most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition and growth. The challenge of study include identification of potent microorganisms that can be used as phosphate solubilizer.Methods: In this study during 2017-2018 study nine isolates were isolated from soil, dung, lakes, five bacterial isolates (A, B, C, D, E) identified as, Bacteroides sp, four fungal isolates Aspergillus sp (F1) and Mucor sp (F2, F3, F4). Their effect on plant (Vigna radiata) growth was studied. Maximum phosphatase production was observed by B (266 µg/ml) and F2 (297.5 µg/ml) isolates; and also phosphate by B (10.6 µg/ml) and F2 (42.6 µg/ml). Increase in shoot length and number of roots was observed in the presence of isolates.Result: The contribution of study indicate, phosphate solubilizing isolates, have probable application as biofertilizer and may help in future agricultural needs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bacterial and Fungal Isolates Associated with Road Traffic Accident In-patients in General Hospitals in Niger State

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. T. Chukwuka ◽  
S. A. Garba ◽  
M. E. Abalaka ◽  
V. C. Chukwu
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria and fungi isolated from wounds of in-patients with road traffic accidents at four General hospitals in Niger State. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, between October 2017 and May 2018. Methodology: Wound swabs were taken twice per patient, first swab at contact and second swab taken seven days post wound dressing. The outcome of 1000 wound swabs taken from 409 (267 male and 142 female) in-patients with road traffic accident wound treated in the General hospitals Bida, Minna, Kontagora and Suleja areas of Niger State, Nigeria. Results: The results showed that 405 (40.5%) samples were positive for bacteria and fungi pathogens while 595 (59.5%) were negative. 262 (80.6%) swabs yielded single isolates while 46 (14.2%) yielded double organisms and 17 (5.2%) yielded three or more organisms. Of the 405 positive cultures, 347 (85.7%) were bacterial isolates while 58 (14.3%) were fungal isolates. Staphylococcus aureus predominates (37.7%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.6%), E. coli (11.4%), Streptococcus pyogenes (9.4%), Bacillus subtillis (7.2%), Klebsiella pneumonia (4.4%), Aspergillus niger (4.2%), Candida albicans (3.7%), Aspergillus flavus (2.7%), Candida pseudotropicallis (2.2%) and Mucor pusillus (1.5%). Conclusion: Most bacterial isolates were sensitive to Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin and Gentamycin, while others showed some degree of resistance to the remaining antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest resistance to all the antibiotics used. All the fungi isolated were highly sensitive to the antifungal drugs used except Griseofulvin.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of endophytes from Musa Paradisiaca

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 3104-3110
Author(s):  
Keerthy Reghunandanan ◽  
Aleena Jolly ◽  
Manjusha P V ◽  
Kavitha M
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Banana Cultivar

This study was aimed to isolate the endophytic bacteria and fungi from the fruit and root of Musa Paradisiaca, commonly called as Nendran banana cultivar in the southern Indian state of Kerala. Endophytes are microbes living in plant tissue without harming the plants rather existing as potential beneficial organisms. Musa paradisiaca is a less explored variety of banana cultivar which possess anti-disease potential apart from nutritional quality. The total number of twelve root and fruit associated endophytes were isolated. The fruit associated endophytes were seven with four bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates. The number of root-associated endophytes were five with three bacterial isolates and two fungal isolates. The morphological characterisation of both root and fruit endophytes were performed by Gram staining for bacteria and lacto-phenol cotton blue staining for fungi. The bacterial colony examination of the fruit associated culture revealed a specific pink strain with an inhibitory zone proving antibacterial activity which was further investigated through agar well diffusion test.  The strain exhibited potential antibacterial activity against five human clinical pathogens. A significant zone of inhibition was observed against Bacillus subtilis  (22 mm), Escherichia coli (21 mm), Klebsiella pneumonia  and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 mm) which confirmed the potential antibacterial property of the fruit endophytic strain.

scholarly journals Potential of carbonic anhydrase and urease bacteria for sequestration of CO2 into aerated concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Faisal Alshalif ◽  
JM Irwan ◽  
N Othman ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
Algaifi Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Freeze Dryer

The present study aimed to investigate the potential of bacterial strains from cement kiln dust (CKD) to sequestrate atmospheric CO2 into aerated concrete as a functional for carbonic anhydrase (CA) and urease enzymes. Five samples of CKD was collected from Cement Industries of Malaysia Berhad (CIMA). The most potent bacterial isolates were selected and adapted to grow in 5% of CO2 and in bio-aerated concrete medium. CA enzyme was detected by using a solution of 1.8 g of p-NPA (p-nitrophenyl acetate) and 25 mg of ampicillin at 7-pH. The results of thioglycolate broth medium assay indicated that the bacterial isolates were facultative anaerobic. Furthermore, the results of candle jar test reflected that the bacterial isolates have the ability to survive with 5% of CO2 concentrations. Two bacterial isolates distinctly grow in bio-aerated concrete simulation medium, while only one bacterial isolate was the most potent and has produced in a powder form using freeze dryer to be ready to apply in bio-aerated concrete.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Low-Density Polyethene (LDPE) Degrading Bacteria and Fungi from Dandora Dumpsite, Nairobi, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christabel Ndahebwa Muhonja ◽  
Gabriel Magoma ◽  
Mabel Imbuga ◽  
Huxley Mae Makonde
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Alkane Hydroxylase ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

This study aimed at molecular and biochemical characterization of low-density polyethene (LDPE) degrading fungi and bacteria from Dandora dumpsite, Nairobi. Twenty bacterial and 10 fungal isolates were identified using 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA sequences for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The highest fungal degradation was attributed to Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 while the highest bacterial degradation was attributed to Bacillus cereus strain A5,a and Brevibacillus borstelensis strain B2,2, respectively. Isolates were screened for their ability to produce extracellular laccase and esterase; Aspergillus fumigatus strain B2,2 exhibited the highest presence of laccase (15.67 mm) while Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 exhibited the highest presence of esterase (14.33 mm). Alkane hydroxylase-encoding genes were screened for using primer AlkB 1 which amplified the fragment of size 870 bp. Four bacterial samples were positive for the gene. Optimum growth temperature of the fungal isolates was 30°C. The possession of laccase, esterase, and alkane hydroxylase activities is suggested as key molecular basis for LDPE degrading capacity. Knowledge of optimum growth conditions will serve to better utilize microbes in the bioremediation of LDPE. The application of Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 and Bacillus cereus strain A5,a in polyethene degradation is a promising option in this kind of bioremediation as they exhibited significantly high levels of biodegradation. Further investigation of more alkane degrading genes in biodegrading microbes will inform the choice of the right microbial consortia for bioaugmentation strategies.

Production of quorum-sensing-related signal molecules by epiphytic bacteria inhabiting wheat heads

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenobu Yoshida ◽  
Linda L Kinkel ◽  
Hirosuke Shinohara ◽  
Nobutaka Numajiri ◽  
Syuntaro Hiradate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Pantoea Ananatis ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The production of quorum-sensing-related signal molecules (QSRMs) among culturable bacteria comprising the community on wheat heads was investigated. The taxonomic position of 186 bacterial isolates obtained from ten heads was inferred based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and their QSRM production was determined using two bioreporter strains of N-acylhomoserine lactones. Approximately 33% of isolates produced QSRMs, though the proportion of QSRM-producing isolates on a wheat head was significantly negatively correlated with population size. Most of the producing isolates were Pantoea species, most commonly Pantoea ananatis. Furthermore, the proportion of Pantoea ananatis that produced QSRMs was significantly negatively correlated with the number of bacterial genera (community richness) on each head. Finally, community richness was positively correlated with population size. Qualitative analysis using thin-layer-chromatography revealed that the QSRMs of Pantoea isolates were composed of at least two compounds. This is the first report indicating that Pantoea ananatis isolates inhabiting wheat heads are capable of producing QSRMs. QSRM production by Pantoea spp. may contribute to the predominance of this genus on wheat heads, particularly at relatively low population densities and community diversity.Key words: quorum sensing, signal molecule, epiphyte, wheat head, Pantoea spp.

scholarly journals A High Diversity in Chitinolytic and Chitosanolytic Species and Enzymes and Their Oligomeric Products Exist in Soil with a History of Chitin and Chitosan Exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malathi Nampally ◽  
M. B. Govinda Rajulu ◽  
Dominique Gillet ◽  
T. S. Suryanarayanan ◽  
Bruno B. Moerschbacher
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
And Function

Chitin is one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, and its partially de-N-acetylated counterpart, chitosan, is one of the most promising biotechnological resources due to its diversity in structure and function. Recently, chitin and chitosan modifying enzymes (CCMEs) have gained increasing interest as tools to engineer chitosans with specific functions and reliable performance in biotechnological and biomedical applications. In a search for novel CCME, we isolated chitinolytic and chitosanolytic microorganisms from soils with more than ten-years history of chitin and chitosan exposure and screened them for chitinase and chitosanase isoenzymes as well as for their patterns of oligomeric products by incubating their secretomes with chitosan polymers. Of the 60 bacterial strains isolated, only eight were chitinolytic and/or chitosanolytic, while 20 out of 25 fungal isolates were chitinolytic and/or chitosanolytic. The bacterial isolates produced rather similar patterns of chitinolytic and chitosanolytic enzymes, while the fungal isolates produced a much broader range of different isoenzymes. Furthermore, diverse mixtures of oligosaccharides were formed when chitosan polymers were incubated with the secretomes of select fungal species. Our study indicates that soils with a history of chitin and chitosan exposure are a good source of novel CCME for chitosan bioengineering.

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