DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING A STABLE INJECTABLE DOSAGE FORM OF A HYDROPHOBIC INDOLOCARBAZOLE DERIVATIVE

Objective: Development of a technology for the production of a stable injectable dosage form (IDF) of indolocarbazole derivative LHS-1269. Methods: LHS-1269 is an active pharmaceutical ingredient that was synthesized in the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The IDF includes dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 95% ethanol, Kollidon® 17PF and water for injection. Magnetic stirrer and overhead stirrer with a propeller stirring element were used to prepare the model solution of the IDF of LHS-1269. Sterilizing filtration of the solution was performed with 0.2−0.22 um polycarbonate, cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone and nylon membrane filters. The aqueous solution of LHS-1269 was lyophilized in Edwards Minifast DO.2 freeze dryer. Assay of LHS-1269 was performed by spectrophotometry at 320±3 nm. Potentiometry was used to measure pH, a viscosimetry method was used to measure the viscosity of the solutions. The average weight was estimated by weighing a sample of 10 vials with the concentrate. Results: 0.5% aqueous solution of LHS-1269 was produced by mixing the solution of the active substance in DMSO and ethanol with an aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone gradually at the ratio of LHS-1269/DMSO/ethanol/Kollidon® of 1/11/32/40 by weight. The aqueous solution of the study substance cannot be lyophilized, so a sequence of technological operations was presented to produce an anhydrous concentrate “LHS-1269, concentrate for solution for injection and infusion 25 mg”. Conclusion: A technology was developed to produce a stable IDF of a hydrophobic indolocarbazole derivative LHS-1269, a high-potential antitumor drug.

The administration’s effect of domestic soybean, lablab bean and lima bean content of genistein to improve the productivity of Bali cattle

Bali cattle plays a significant role as producers of food products for humans. Legumes are used in high-quality animal feed to increase productivity. This study analyzed the use ofdomestic Soybean (Glycine max), Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus), and Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) as the genistein in Bali cattle feed to shorten postpartum estrus. Different drying methods were applied by putting the ingredients in the oven at 55 ºC and the freeze dryer at -40 ºC.Further, genistein was detected using the Thin Layer Chromatography Method at UV 254 and 366 to determine the Rf value. The parameters measured include genistein detection and genistein identification as well as genistein content in legume straw. The data were analyzed descriptiveusing ANOVA and t-test. The result showed that only two samples adhered to the gel silica plate, including domestic soybean straw using the oven and freeze dryer (DSOD and DSFD), with 0.48 in DSOD and 0.51 in DSFD of Rf value, that is close to the genistein standard with the Rf value of 0.50 and purple colour as the colour of genistein standard. Moreover, the statistical analyses indicated significant differences in the genistein content of legumestraw between DSOD and DSFD (P<0.05), where DSOD=0.662g/100g and DSFD=1.770g/100g. The domestic soybean straw is regarded as a potential source ofBali cattle feed to improve productivity.

Physical quality analysis of drying beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) using variations of drying methods

Beluntas leaves are medicinal plants with pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, and antibacterial. Drying is one of the processes before the beluntas leaves are consumed. However, drying could degrade the quality of beluntas leaves. This research aims to investigate the impact of drying conditions on the physical qualities of dried beluntas leaves. Beluntas leaves with a moisture content of 83-90% were dried using drying methods, namely the greenhouse effect dryer (ERK), cabinet dryer (CD) at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C, and freeze dryer (FD) at 35, 45, and 55°C. The physical parameters measured were moisture content, color, shrinkage, rehydration ratio, and bulk density. The results showed that the final moisture content of the dried beluntas leaves were 8.40; 4.92-10.70; 4.73-6.77%w.b for ERK, CD, and FD, respectively. Page’s model was suitable for explaining the changes in moisture ratio during the drying process (R 2 = 0.9934 − 0.9999). The freeze-drying method can preserve the leaves’ color and obtain the lowest moisture content with a low drying temperature compared to other methods. Freeze-dried beluntas leaves also exhibited the highest rehydration ratio, which was 2.03 – 2.25.

Facile preparation of graphene oxide silver aerogel for antibacterial

We report a simple and straightforward method for the preparation of graphene oxide-silver aerogel (GOAg) via microwave irradiation. Graphene oxide (GO) was used as a substrate for the growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver complex was used as a precursor. The GOAg were prepared by rapidly expose mixture of GO and silver complexes with microwave for 30 s under an ambient atmosphere. For the nanocomposites, GOAg solution were lyophilized in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours to form an aerogel. The obtained GO and GOAg nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). XRD confirmed the formation GO, and GOAg while GOAg display antibacterial properties against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. We demonstrate

Karakteristik Fisik dan Organoleptik MP-ASI Instan Diperkaya Ikan Patin dan Ikan Gabus Metode Freeze Dryer

Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu atau selanjutnya ditulis MP–ASI merupakan produk bubur instan yang bahan penyusun bubur untuk bayi yang bersifat siap saji atau instan sehingga prinsip dalam penyajian mudah disajikan, mudah penyimpanan, dan kaya akan nutrisi. MP–ASI merupakan makanan yang berbentuk cair semi padat. Pada penelitian ini digunakan bahan pangan ikan patin dan ikan gabus sebagai bahan pembuatan bubur bayi MP–ASI instan. Penelitian dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui sifat karakteristik bubur bayi MP – ASI dari sifat fisik (kelarutan dan daya serap air) dan tingkat kesukaan dengan uji organoleptik. pada bubur bayi dengan penambahan ikan patin dan ikan gabus. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi ikan patin (7,5%; 10%; 12,5%) dan ikan gabus (7,5%; 10%; 12,5%). Sebagai kontrol yaitu tanpa penambahan ikan. Pengujian organoleptik, sampel bubur instan diseduh air hangat selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan secara organoleptik dengan uji skoring dari 25 orang panelis. Pengolahan data secara statistik memakai one way anova taraf signifikansi 5%. Pengamatan organoleptik dilakukan pada parameter tektur, rasa, warna, aroma, dan overall. Hasil penelitian karakteristik fisik untuk kelarutan memiliki rentang hasil 33 – 47 %. Untuk daya serap air memiliki rentang nilai 0,882 – 6,20 gr/gr. Untuk hasil uji organoleptik sampel bubur bayi instan paling terbaik berdasarkan nilai skor pada sampel ikan bubur bayi instan dengan penambahan ikan gabus 12,5%.

Sustainable Functional Finishing For Cotton Fabrics Using Chestnut Shell Extract

Owing to global environmental concerns, sustainable industrial processes have become a topic of significant importance in various fields. Chestnut shells are byproducts of agricultural and food industries; however, they include various health-beneficial compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids. In this study, the feasibility of using chestnut shell extract as a natural functional agent for textile finishing processes was investigated. The chestnut shell extract was prepared by boiling the inner and outer shells of chestnut in distilled water for 4 h. Subsequently, the extract was filtered, centrifuged, concentrated, and finally dried into powder form using a freeze dryer. The extract was then dissolved in distilled water at different concentrations and applied to cotton fabrics through a pad-dry-cure process. The finished cotton fabrics were investigated by scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. In addition, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the finished cotton fabrics were examined as functional properties. The results showed that the cotton fabrics finished by chestnut shell extract exhibited significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and deodorant properties when the concentration of the chestnut shell extract was above 10 wt% in the finishing bath.

Identifikasi Profil Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Air Kayu Katola (Arcangelisia flava L.)

Ekstrak air kayu katola (Arcangelisia flava L.) banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan antara lain sebagai anti diare, anti mikroba dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk identifikasi profil senyawa aktif dari ekstrak air kayu katola (Arcangelisia flava L.). Metode ekstraksi dengan cara infundasi dan ekstrak air yang dikeringkan menggunakan alat freeze dryer. Uji organoleptik meliputi uji bau, warna dan rasa dari ekstrak larut air kayu katola ( Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.). Identifikasi menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), cairan pengelusi n- Propanol : Asam asetat : Air (9:0,5:0,5 v/v/v). Deteksi bercak pada UV panjang gelombang 254 nm dan 366 nm, pereaksi Dragendroff dan Serium (IV) sulfat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rendemen ekstrak sebesar 19,536% dan kadar ekstrak terstandar Berberin HCl 5,69%±0,18% diukur pada panjang gelombang 348 nm. Setelah dilakukan profil spektra pada puncak-puncak yang terdapat pada ekstrak uji diperoleh beberapa spesifikasi profil senyawa pada ekstrak larut air kayu katola (Arcangelisia flava L.) dengan kadar relative yaitu 1 = 1%; 2 = 5,35%; 3= 26,19%; 4=1,45%; 5= 8,69% dan 6= 2,77%. Pada spesifikasi profil senyawa terlihat bahwa kadar Berberin HCl yang lebih dominan.

Formulation of Blush Preparations by Using Natural Coloring from Red Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris L.)

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has compounds that can be used for body health, beauty skincare, food additives, and much more. This research was aimed to prepare the dry extract of beetroot and formulate it into a loose powder, compact powder, and cream. The preparation was started by adding 2, 4, or 6% of dry extract, then blending the pulp and drying the resultant residue using a freeze dryer. Testing on color homogeneity, polishing, breakage, pH stability, color stability, and the hedonic test was carried out to determine the product quality. The initial result of phytochemical screening showed it might contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, and quinones. The color stability test performed at 30 °C showed that the cream was unstable while other forms showed fair stability at 8 °C. All dosage forms were homogeneous and could be applied easily. The breakage test showed no fractures. The pH remained stable for all formulas (between 3–5) after 28 days of storage. The color stability test showed that the significant discoloration only happened to the loose powder and cream. The hedonic test showed that the compact powder with a concentration of 6% was the most preferred formula by users.

HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL POLIFENOL DAN FLAVONOID DENGAN POTENSI ANTIMIKROBA LIMBAH KANGKUNG DAN BAYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI PENYEBAB INFEKSI NOSOKOMIAL

Correlation Between Total Polyphenol And Flavonoid Contents With Antimicrobial Potential Of Kale And Spinach Waste Against Bacterial Growth Causing Nosocomial InfectionSpinach and kale are vegetables that are widely consumed by the public. However, parts of the plant that are not consumed are discarded and end up as household organic waste. Therefore, this research aims to determine the total polyphenol and flavonoid levels, as well as the potential of household organic waste as an antimicrobial cause of nosocomial infections. The household organic waste used in this research were untreated and waste parts of kale and spinach, extracted by the extortion method and then dried using a freeze dryer. Furthermore, the total polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total flavonoids with AlCl3 reagent, and the antimicrobial potential using the agar diffusion method. The results showed that the total polyphenol content in kale and spinach waste were 4.67 and 3.91 mg GAE / gram extract respectively. Water spinach and spinach waste do not contain flavonoids, meanwhile, kale and spinach waste have antimicrobial potential against Pseudomonas aeruginous and Staphylococcus aureus. The statistical results showed that there was a relationship between the total polyphenol content and the antimicrobial potential of Kale and spinach waste extracts, the higher the concentration of the extract the greater the inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginous and Staphylococcus aureus.Keywords : Total polyphenols, total flavonoids, antimicrobial potential, organic household waste, nosocomial infections.Bayam dan kangkung merupakan sayuran yang sering dikonsumsi masyarakat namun bagian tanaman yang tidak dikonsumsi dibuang dan berakhir sebagai limbah rumah tangga organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kandungan total polifenol dan total flavonoid, menentukan potensi limbah rumah tangga organik sebagai antimikroba penyebab infeksi nosocomial serta menentukan hubungan kandungan total polifenol dan kandungan total plavonoid terhadap potensi antimikroba limbah rumah tangga terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab nosocomial. Limbah rumah tangga organik yang digunakan adalah bagian kangkung dan bayam yang tidak diolah dan dikonsumsi, diekstraksi dengan metode perasan kemudian dikeringkan dengan menggunakan freeze dryer. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji kandungan total polifenol dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteau dan total flavonoid dengan pereaksi AlCl3, penentuan potensi antimikroba dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil yang diperoleh kandungan total polifenol pada limbah kangkung sebesar 4,67 mg GAE/gram ekstrak sedangkan untuk Ekstrak limbah Bayam sebesar 3,91 mg GAE/gram ekstrak. Limbah Kangkung dan Bayam tidak mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Limbah Kangkung dan Bayam memiliki potensi antimikroba terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosae dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan Terdapat hubungan antara kandungan total polifenol dengan potensi antimikroba ekstrak limbah Kangkung dan Bayam dimana semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak semakin besar daya hambatnya terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosae dan Staphylococcus aureusKata Kunci : Total polifenol, total flavonoid, potensi antimikroba, limbah rumah tangga organik, infeksi nosokomial.

Cycle Development in a Mini-Freeze Dryer: Evaluation of Manometric Temperature Measurement in Small-Scale Equipment

The objective of this research was to assess the applicability of manometric temperature measurement (MTM) and SMART™ for cycle development and monitoring of critical product and process parameters in a mini-freeze dryer using a small set of seven vials. Freeze drying cycles were developed using SMART™ which automatically defines and adapts process parameters based on input data and MTM feedback information. The freeze drying behavior and product characteristics of an amorphous model system were studied at varying wall temperature control settings of the cylindrical wall surrounding the shelf in the mini-freeze dryer. Calculated product temperature profiles were similar for all different wall temperature settings during the MTM-SMART™ runs and in good agreement with the temperatures measured by thermocouples. Product resistance profiles showed uniformity in all of the runs conducted in the mini-freeze dryer, but absolute values were slightly lower compared to values determined by MTM in a LyoStar™ pilot-scale freeze dryer. The resulting cakes exhibited comparable residual moisture content and optical appearance to the products obtained in the larger freeze dryer. An increase in intra-vial heterogeneity was found for the pore morphology in the cycle with deactivated wall temperature control in the mini-freeze dryer. SMART™ cycle design and product attributes were reproducible and a minimum load of seven 10R vials was identified for more accurate MTM values. MTM-SMART™ runs suggested, that in case of the wall temperature following the product temperature of the center vial, product temperatures differ only slightly from those in the LyoStar™ freeze dryer.