scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Low-Density Polyethene (LDPE) Degrading Bacteria and Fungi from Dandora Dumpsite, Nairobi, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christabel Ndahebwa Muhonja ◽  
Gabriel Magoma ◽  
Mabel Imbuga ◽  
Huxley Mae Makonde
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Alkane Hydroxylase ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

This study aimed at molecular and biochemical characterization of low-density polyethene (LDPE) degrading fungi and bacteria from Dandora dumpsite, Nairobi. Twenty bacterial and 10 fungal isolates were identified using 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA sequences for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The highest fungal degradation was attributed to Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 while the highest bacterial degradation was attributed to Bacillus cereus strain A5,a and Brevibacillus borstelensis strain B2,2, respectively. Isolates were screened for their ability to produce extracellular laccase and esterase; Aspergillus fumigatus strain B2,2 exhibited the highest presence of laccase (15.67 mm) while Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 exhibited the highest presence of esterase (14.33 mm). Alkane hydroxylase-encoding genes were screened for using primer AlkB 1 which amplified the fragment of size 870 bp. Four bacterial samples were positive for the gene. Optimum growth temperature of the fungal isolates was 30°C. The possession of laccase, esterase, and alkane hydroxylase activities is suggested as key molecular basis for LDPE degrading capacity. Knowledge of optimum growth conditions will serve to better utilize microbes in the bioremediation of LDPE. The application of Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 and Bacillus cereus strain A5,a in polyethene degradation is a promising option in this kind of bioremediation as they exhibited significantly high levels of biodegradation. Further investigation of more alkane degrading genes in biodegrading microbes will inform the choice of the right microbial consortia for bioaugmentation strategies.

Isolation and identification of low density polythene-degrading bacteria from soil of North West of Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
K. Zerhouni ◽  
B. Abbouni ◽  
K. Kanoun ◽  
K. Larbi Daouadji ◽  
A. Tifrit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
North West ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Solid Culture Medium ◽  
Chemical Cycling

Plas c bags (Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) belong to the polymers, which plays a very important role in our daily lives by their diversi ed applica on. However, the accumula on of the plas c bags in the environment cons - tutes a serious problem and a real source for visual nuisance, pollu on of soil and marine environments. Furthermore, their biodegradation was the safest method of breakdown that possibly leaves behind less toxic residues and showed poten al of bio-geo chemical cycling of the substrate. The aim of the present work was the characterization of the isolated bacterial strains from a municipal land ll area of Tlemcen, North West Algeria, which were implicated by the biodegrada on ability of the Low Density Polyethylene. The degradation of the Low Density Polyethylene was inves gated by studying the bacterial growth of the isolated, inoculated on a solid culture medium, which was composed of LDPE as the sole carbon source with and with- out a nitrogen source and the selec on was based by the determination of the produced diameter of hydrolysis clear zone on the surface. Furthermore, the isolated, selected degrading Low Density Polyethylene bacterial ML002 has been iden ed by the study of their morphological, biochemical charac- teris cs and the ampli ca on of the fragment, coding the region of ARN 16S. The use of the API system indicated their belonging to the genus Bacillus Cereus, which has reduced the weight of LDPE by 0.26, 1.28, 1.53% a er 30, 90, 120 days respec vely. Furthermore, the amplified of the fragment, coding the region of ARN 16S by the isolated, selected bacterial ML002 indicated a similarity of 99.394% with Bacillus wiedmannii and Bacillus proteolyticus and 99.293% homology with Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis.

scholarly journals Identification and characterisation of oil sludge degrading bacteria isolated from compost

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onyedikachi Ubani ◽  
Harrison Ifeanyichukwu Atagana ◽  
Mapitsi Silvester Thantsha ◽  
Adeleke Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

AbstractCompounds present in oil sludge such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be cytotoxic, mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic. Microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been reported to degrade oil sludge components to innocuous compounds such as carbon dioxide, water and salts. In the present study, we isolated different bacteria with PAH-degrading capabilities from compost prepared from oil sludge and animal manures. These bacteria were isolated on a mineral base medium and mineral salt agar plates. A total of 31 morphologically distinct isolates were carefully selected from 5 different compost treatments for identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 16S rRNA gene with specific primers (universal forward 16S-P1 PCR and reverse 16S-P2 PCR). The amplicons were sequenced and sequences were compared with the known nucleotides from the GenBank. The phylogenetic analyses of the isolates showed that they belong to 3 different clades; Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. These bacteria identified were closely related to the generaBacillus, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium, Variovorax, Paenibacillus, Ralstonia and Geobacillus.The results showed thatBacillus species were predominant in all composts. Based on the results of the degradation of the PAHs in the composts and results of previous studies on bacterial degradation of hydrocarbons in oil, the characteristics of these bacterial isolates suggests that they may be responsible for the breakdown of PAHs of different molecular weights in the composts. Thus, they may be potentially useful for bioremediation of oil sludge during compost bioremediation.

A review of bacterial-degradation of pesticides

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Aislabie ◽  
G Lloyd-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degradative Enzymes

Pesticide fate in the environment is affected by microbial activity. Some pesticides are readily degraded by microorganisms, others have proven to be recalcitrant. A diverse group of bacteria, including members of the genera Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus, metabolize pesticides. Microbial degradation depends not only on the presence of microbes with the appropriate degradative enzymes, but also on a wide range of environmental parameters. This review describes recent advances in biodegradation of pesticides by addressing the biology and molecular characterization of some pesticide degrading bacteria.

scholarly journals Assessment of cadmium tolerance and biosorptive potential of Bacillus Cereus GCFSD01 isolated from cadmium contaminated soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Muzammil ◽  
M. H. Siddique ◽  
F. Mureed ◽  
R. Andleeb ◽  
F. Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Mic Value ◽  
Cadmium Contaminated Soil

Abstract Continuous occurrence of heavy metals is a major cause of environmental pollution due to its toxic effects. At minimum concentrations, these metals are highly reactive and can gather in the food chains and food web, causing major dangers to public health concerns. Soil samples were collected from Paharang drain, Faisalabad. Cadmium tolerant bacteria were isolated and evaluated for their MIC against Cd. The isolated bacterial strain GCFSD01 showed MIC value upto 30 mM/L. The bacterial strain with the highest resistance against Cd was selected for further study. Molecular characterization of bacterial isolate GCFSD01 was performed by 16S rRNA which confirmed it as Bacillus cereus. Optimum growth conditions of bacterial strain were also evaluated. Strain GCFSD01 showed optimum growth at pH 7 and 37 °C temperature. Our result revealed that B. cereus strain GCFSD01 reduced 61.3% Cd after 48 hrs. Multiple metal tolerance and Cd reduction by B. cereus indicate its potential for further use for decontamination of polluted soil.

scholarly journals Bacterial and fungal contributions to delignification and lignocellulose degradation in forest soils with metagenomic and quantitative stable isotope probing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland C. Wilhelm ◽  
Rahul Singh ◽  
Lindsay D. Eltis ◽  
William W. Mohn
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

AbstractDelignification, or lignin-modification, facilitates the decomposition of lignocellulose in woody plant biomass. The extant diversity of lignin-degrading bacteria and fungi is underestimated by culture-dependent methods, limiting our understanding of the functional and ecological traits of decomposers populations. Here, we describe the use of stable isotope probing (SIP) coupled with amplicon and shotgun metagenomics to identify and characterize the functional attributes of lignin-, cellulose-and hemicellulose-degrading fungi and bacteria in coniferous forest soils from across North America. We tested the extent to which catabolic genes partitioned among different decomposer taxa; the relative roles of bacteria and fungi, and whether taxa or catabolic genes correlated with variation in lignocellulolytic activity, measured as the total assimilation of13C-label into DNA and phospholipid fatty acids. We found high overall bacterial degradation of our model lignin substrate, particularly by gram-negative bacteria (Comamonadaceae and Caulobacteraceae), while fungi were more prominent in cellulose-degradation. Very few taxa incorporated13C-label from more than one lignocellulosic polymer, suggesting specialization among decomposers. Collectively, members of Caulobacteraceae could degrade all three lignocellulosic polymers, providing new evidence for their importance in lignocellulose degradation. Variation in lignin-degrading activity was better explained by microbial community properties, such as catabolic gene content and community structure, than cellulose-degrading activity. SIP significantly improved shotgun metagenome assembly resulting in the recovery of several high-quality draft metagenome-assembled genomes and over 7,500 contigs containing unique clusters of carbohydrate-active genes. These results improve understanding of which organisms, conditions and corresponding functional genes contribute to lignocellulose decomposition.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization of Phosphatase Producing Bacteria and Fungi-Their Effect on Enhancing the Growth of Vigna radiata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandi Aruna ◽  
Sejal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Phosphate Nutrition ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Background: Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) are considered as most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition and growth. The challenge of study include identification of potent microorganisms that can be used as phosphate solubilizer.Methods: In this study during 2017-2018 study nine isolates were isolated from soil, dung, lakes, five bacterial isolates (A, B, C, D, E) identified as, Bacteroides sp, four fungal isolates Aspergillus sp (F1) and Mucor sp (F2, F3, F4). Their effect on plant (Vigna radiata) growth was studied. Maximum phosphatase production was observed by B (266 µg/ml) and F2 (297.5 µg/ml) isolates; and also phosphate by B (10.6 µg/ml) and F2 (42.6 µg/ml). Increase in shoot length and number of roots was observed in the presence of isolates.Result: The contribution of study indicate, phosphate solubilizing isolates, have probable application as biofertilizer and may help in future agricultural needs.

Characterization of machined polystyrene foam

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
C. W. Price ◽  
E. F. Lindsey ◽  
R. M. Franks ◽  
M. A. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Machining Characteristics

Diamond-point turning is an efficient technique for machining low-density polystyrene foam, and the surface finish can be substantially improved by grinding. However, both diamond-point turning and grinding tend to tear and fracture cell walls and leave asperities formed by agglomerations of fragmented cell walls. Vibratoming is proving to be an excellent technique to form planar surfaces in polystyrene, and the machining characteristics of vibratoming and diamond-point turning are compared.Our work has demonstrated that proper evaluation of surface structures in low density polystyrene foam requires stereoscopic examinations; tilts of + and − 3 1/2 degrees were used for the stereo pairs. Coating does not seriously distort low-density polystyrene foam. Therefore, the specimens were gold-palladium coated and examined in a Hitachi S-800 FESEM at 5 kV.

Characterization of Low Density Glass Filled Epoxies

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Quesenberry ◽  
Phillip H. Madison ◽  
Robert E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Low Density
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