scholarly journals Nano and Microsensors for Mammalian Cell Studies

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Voiculescu ◽  
Masaya Toda ◽  
Naoki Inomata ◽  
Takahito Ono ◽  
Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Impedance Sensing ◽  
Frequency Regime ◽  
Response To Temperature

This review presents several sensors with dimensions at the nano- and micro-scale used for biological applications. Two types of cantilever beams employed as highly sensitive temperature sensors with biological applications will be presented. One type of cantilever beam is fabricated from composite materials and is operated in the deflection mode. In order to achieve the high sensitivity required for detection of heat generated by a single mammalian cell, the cantilever beam temperature sensor presented in this review was microprocessed with a length at the microscale and a thickness in the nanoscale dimension. The second type of cantilever beam presented in this review was operated in the resonant frequency regime. The working principle of the vibrating cantilever beam temperature sensor is based on shifts in resonant frequency in response to temperature variations generated by mammalian cells. Besides the cantilever beam biosensors, two biosensors based on the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) used to monitor mammalian cells attachment and viability will be presented in this review. These ECIS sensors have dimensions at the microscale, with the gold films used for electrodes having thickness at the nanoscale. These micro/nano biosensors and their mammalian cell applications presented in the review demonstrates the diversity of the biosensor technology and applications.

High Sensitivity MEMS Biosensor for Monitoring Cell Attachment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
David C. Spray ◽  
Anis Nurashikin Nordin ◽  
Ioana Voiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Impedance Sensing ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Time Required

This paper presents the fabrication and testing of a novel microelectromechanical (MEMS) biosensor based on live cells. The biosensor combines two biosensing techniques; resonant frequency measurements and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) on a single device. The sensor is based on the innovative placement of the working microelectrode for ECIS technique as the upper electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator. This hybrid biosensor was tested with bovine aortic endothelial cells with different seeding densities. The cell attachment and spreading was monitored with both sensors; the QCM and the ECIS technique. After the cells form a monolayer the values of the impedance and resonant frequency measurements are constant. The optimal cell seeding density with minimal time required to attach and form a monolayer was observed to be 1.5×104 cells/cm2. This biosensor monitors the cells attachment and viability and could be used for screening toxicants in drinking water.

scholarly journals CSRR-SICW High Sensitivity High Temperature Sensor Based on Si3N4 Ceramics

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Shujing Su ◽  
Ting Ren ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Fujia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Circular Waveguide ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Test Sensitivity ◽  
High Temperature Sensor

A new type of wireless passive, high sensitivity, high temperature sensor was designed to meet the real-time temperature test in the harsh aero-engine environment. The sensor consists of a complementary split ring resonator and a substrate integrated circular waveguide (CSRR-SICW) structure and is based on high temperature resistant Si3N4 ceramic as the substrate material. Temperature is measured by real-time monitoring of the resonant frequency of the sensor. In addition, the ambient temperature affects the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, and the resonant frequency of the sensor is determined by the dielectric constant, so the function relationship between temperature and resonant frequency can be established. The experimental results show that the resonant frequency of the sensor decreases from 11.3392 GHz to 11.0648 GHz in the range of 50–1000 °C. The sensitivity is 123 kHz/°C and 417 kHz/°C at 50–450 °C and 450–1000 °C, respectively, and the average test sensitivity is 289 kHz/°C. Compared with previously reported high temperature sensors, the average test sensitivity is approximately doubled, and the test sensitivity at 450–1000 °C is approximately three times higher. Therefore, the proposed high sensitivity sensor has promising prospects for high temperature measurement.

scholarly journals Design of a Compact and High Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Using Metamaterial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Zemouli ◽  
Abdelhafid Chaabi ◽  
Houcine Sofiane Talbi
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Metallic Wire ◽  
Metallic Rings ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The present paper aims at sensing the temperature. A sensor metamaterial consisting of two concentric metallic rings and a thin metallic wire deposited on the surface of BaTiO3 substrate is reported. The use of BaTiO3 makes the resonant frequency of the structure shift as the temperature varies and makes the sensor applicable in many fields of applications. Numerical simulations and theoretical results are presented and compared to each other; there was a good agreement between them. This sensor is smaller, easier to fabricate, and very sensitive to the changes in temperatures.

scholarly journals High Sensitivity and Low-Cost Flavin luciferase (FLUX)-based Reporter Gene for Mammalian Cell Expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jittima Phonbuppha ◽  
Ruchanok Tinikul ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohmiya ◽  
Pimchai Chaiyen
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Mammalian Cell Expression ◽  
Reporter Assays ◽  
Cell Expression

Luciferase-based gene reporters generating bioluminescence signals are important tools for biomedical research. Amongst the luciferases, flavin-dependent enzymes use the most common, and thus most economical chemicals. However, their applications in mammalian cells are limited due to their low signals compared to other systems. Here, we constructed Flavin Luciferase for Mammalian Cell Expression (FLUX) by engineering luciferase from Vibrio campbellii (the most thermostable bacterial luciferase reported to date) and optimizing its expression and reporter assays in mammalian cells. We found that the FLUX reporter gene can be overexpressed in various cell lines and showed outstanding signal-to-background in HepG2 cells, significantly higher than that of firefly luciferase (Fluc). The combined use of FLUX/Fluc as target/control vectors gave the most stable signals, better than the standard set of Fluc(target)/Rluc(control). We demonstrated that FLUX can be used for testing inhibitors of the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway, validating FLUX applications for various assays in the future.

Multiparametric MEMS Biosensors With Integrated Impedance Spectroscopy and Gravimetric Measurements for Water Toxicity Sensing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Ali Khademhosseini ◽  
Ioana Voiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Impedance Sensing ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Positive Rate

This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a novel multiparametric microelectromechanical (MEMS) biosensor based on live mammalian cells with capabilities of sensing the toxicity of field water with minimized false-positive rate. This biosensor combines two biosensing techniques, resonant frequency measurements and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) on a single chip. The sensor is based on the innovative placement of the working microelectrode for ECIS technique as the upper electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator. This multiparametric biosensor was characterized with bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Toxicity tests to study BAECs responsiveness to health-threatening concentrations of ammonia in de-ionized water as a toxicant model will also be presented. The increase of the resonant frequency and decrease of impedance of the biosensor indicated the detachment of cells as a result of toxicant stimulation of ammonia solution. These gravimetric and impedimetric measurements on the same cell monolayer demonstrate that the multiparametric biosensor is able to perform two types of measurements simultaneously and this sensor can successfully be tested with drinking water containing toxicants.

A Novel DC Current Sensor Using SMA Controlled Piezoelectric Bimorph Cantilever

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kaluvan ◽  
Haifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Piezo Actuator ◽  
Current Sensing

A new approach to measure direct current (DC) using shape memory alloy (SMA) tuning piezo cantilever resonant frequency technique is proposed in this work. The proposed current sensor system is designed using an electrically insulated SMA wire surface mounted on the cantilever beam with piezoelectric actuator. The cantilever beam is maintained at resonance using a closed loop piezo resonator circuit and the current ‘I’ to be measured is given to the SMA wire. The current induced temperature change of the SMA wire produces a mechanical shape change and produces a stiffness change to the resonating cantilever beam. The shift in resonant frequency due to the stiffness change is measured, which is related to the input electrical current ‘I’ to the SMA wire. The key enabling concept of this proposed work is to alter the cantilever resonant frequency using the shape changing property of SMA wire with input unknown electric current. The analytical model of the current sensor system is derived and the results are compared with the experimental results. The SMA coupled with piezo actuator based resonant current sensing system is evaluated for the input current range of 0 to 0.5A. The proposed current sensing concept is simple and completely novel and it is found that it has very high sensitivity to current and result is piecewise linear.

High-Sensitivity Temperature Sensor on the Basis of Single-Crystal Si(111) Implanted from Multiple Directions with P+ and B+ Ions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1173
Author(s):  
A. S. Rysbaev ◽  
M. T. Normurodov ◽  
A. M. Rakhimov ◽  
Z. A. Tursunmetova ◽  
A. K. Tashatov
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
High Sensitivity

A temperature sensor based on flexible substrate with ultra-high sensitivity for low temperature measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 112341
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Liu ◽  
Bian Tian ◽  
Xu Fan ◽  
Jiangjiang Liu ◽  
Zhongkai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
High Sensitivity

scholarly journals Complex Permittivity Characterization of Liquid Samples Based on a Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3385
Author(s):  
Jialu Ma ◽  
Jingchao Tang ◽  
Kaicheng Wang ◽  
Lianghao Guo ◽  
Yubin Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Complex Permittivity ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Debye Model ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Microwave Sensor

A complex permittivity characterization method for liquid samples has been proposed. The measurement is carried out based on a self-designed microwave sensor with a split ring resonator (SRR), the unload resonant frequency of which is 5.05 GHz. The liquid samples in capillary are placed in the resonant zone of the fabricated senor for high sensitivity measurement. The frequency shift of 58.7 MHz is achieved when the capillary is filled with ethanol, corresponding a sensitivity of 97.46 MHz/μL. The complex permittivity of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol (IPA) and deionized water at the resonant frequency are measured and calibrated by the first order Debye model. Then, the complex permittivity of different concentrations of aqueous solutions of these materials are measured by using the calibrated sensor system. The results show that the proposed sensor has high sensitivity and accuracy in measuring the complex permittivity of liquid samples with volumes as small as 0.13 μL. It provides a useful reference for the complex permittivity characterization of small amount of liquid chemical samples. In addition, the characterization of an important biological sample (inositol) is carried out by using the proposed sensor.

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