scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of a Designed-Inlet Optofluidic Beam Splitter for Split-Angle and Transmission Improvement

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Ting-Yuan Lin ◽  
Chih-Yang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Calcium Chloride Solution ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Side Walls

The beam splitter is one of the important elements in optical waveguide circuits. To improve the performance of an optofluidic beam splitter, a microchannel including a two-stage main channel with divergent side walls and two pairs of inlet channels is proposed. Besides, the height of the inlets injected with cladding fluid is set to be less than the height of other parts of the microchannel. When we inject calcium chloride solution (cladding fluid) and deionized water (core fluid) into the inlet channels, the gradient refractive index (GRIN) developed in fluids flowing through the microchannel split the incident light beam into two beams with a larger split angle. Moreover, the designed inlets yield a GRIN distribution which increases the light collected around the middle horizontal line on the objective plane, and so enhances the transmission efficiency of the device. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed beam splitter, we use polydimethylsiloxane to fabricate the microchannel. The results obtained by simulation and experiment are compared to show the effectiveness of the device and the validity of numerical simulation. The influence of the microchannel geometry and the flow rate ratio on the performance of the proposed beam splitter is investigated.

Enhanced transmission efficiency of magneto-inductive wave propagating in non-homogeneous 2-D magnetic metamaterial array

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Hong Hiep Le ◽  
Thanh Son Pham ◽  
Bui Xuan Khuyen ◽  
Bui Son Tung ◽  
Quang Minh Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Position Sensor ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Enhanced Transmission ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Ratio Transmission

Abstract In this work, we investigate the propagation of magneto-inductive waves (MIWs) in ordering magnetic metamaterial (MM) structures. The proposed non-homogeneous MM slab consists of 9 × 9 MM unit cells constructed from a five-turn spiral embedded on an FR-4 substrate. External capacitors with the value of 40 pF or 50 pF were added to control the resonant frequency of each unit cell in accordance with the waveguide configurations. The characteristics of metamaterial structures, such as negative permeability, current ratio, transmission response, and field distribution in the waveguide, have been thoroughly analyzed by simulation and experiment. Because of the strong magnetic field confinement in the waveguide, the transmittance after nine elements of the non-homogeneous MM slab is 5.2 times greater than that of the homogeneous MM slab. This structure can be applied to the planar near-field wireless power transfer, position sensor, and low-frequency communication.

scholarly journals A Thermal Tuning Meta-Duplex-Lens (MDL): Design and Characterization

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xu ◽  
Yaoyao Liang ◽  
Yuan Hao ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
Jianping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
Phase Gradient ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Change Material

Multifunctional metasurfaces play an important role in the development of integrated optical paths. However, some of the realizations of current multifunctional metasurface devices depend on polarization selectivity, and others change the polarization state of the outgoing light. Here, based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) phase change material, a strategy to design a meta-duplex-lens (MDL) is proposed and numerical simulation calculations demonstrate that at low temperature (about 300 K), VO2 behaves as a dielectric so that the MDL can act as a transmission lens (transmission efficiency of 87.6%). Conversely, when VO2 enters the metallic state (about 355 K), the MDL has the ability to reflect and polymerize electromagnetic waves and works as a reflection lens (reflection efficiency of 85.1%). The dielectric waveguide and gap-surface plasmon (GSP) theories are used in transmission and reflection directions, respectively. In order to satisfy the coverage of the phase gradient in the range of 2π in both cases, we set the antenna as a nanopillar with a high aspect ratio. It is notable that, via symmetrical antennas acting in concert with VO2 phase change material, the polarization states of both the incident light and the outgoing light are not changed. This reversible tuning will play a significant role in the fields of imaging, optical storage devices, communication, sensors, etc.

scholarly journals Photonic-Plasmonic Mode Coupling in Nanopillar Ge-On-Si Pin Photodiodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lion Augel ◽  
Jon Schlipf ◽  
Sergej Bullert ◽  
Sebastian Bürzele ◽  
Jörg Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Coupling ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Pin Photodiodes ◽  
Leaky Waveguide

Abstract Incorporating group IV photonic nanostructures within active top-illuminated photonic devices often requires light-transmissive contact schemes. In this context, plasmonic nanoapertures in metallic films can not only be realized using CMOS compatible metals and processes, they can also serve to influence the wavelength-dependent device responsivities. Here, we investigate crescent-shaped nanoapertures in close proximity to Ge-on-Si PIN nanopillar photodetectors both in simulation and experiment. In our geometries, the absorption within the devices is mainly shaped by the absorption characteristics of the vertical semiconductor nanopillar structures (leaky waveguide modes). The plasmonic resonances can be used to influence how incident light couples into the leaky modes within the nanopillars. Our results can serve as a starting point to selectively tune our device geometries for applications in spectroscopy or refractive index sensing.

scholarly journals Utilization of the cyclic interferometer in polarization phase-shifting technique to determine the thickness of transparent thin-films

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rapeepan Kaewon ◽  
Chutchai Pawong ◽  
Ratchapak Chitaree ◽  
Tossaporn Lertvanithphol ◽  
Apichai Bhatranand
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Reference Beam ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Polarized Beams ◽  
Phase Shifting Technique ◽  
Polarizing Beam Splitter ◽  
Polarization Phase

An alternative polarization phase-shifting technique is proposed to determine the thickness of transparent thin-films. In this study, the cyclic interferometric configuration is chosen to maintain the stability of the operation against external vibrations. The incident light is simply split by a non-polarizing beam splitter cube to generate test and reference beams, which are subsequently polarized by a polarizing beam splitter. Both linearly polarized beams are orthogonal and counter-propagating within the interferometer. A wave plate is inserted into the common paths to introduce an intrinsic phase difference between the orthogonal polarized beams. A transparent thin-film sample, placed in one of the beam tracks, modifies the output signal in terms of the phase retardation in comparison with the reference beam. The proposed phase-shifting technique uses a moving mirror with a set of “fixed” polarizing elements, namely, a quarter-wave retarder and a polarizer, to facilitate phase extraction without rotating any polarizing devices. The measured thicknesses are compared with the measurements of the same films acquired using standard equipment such as the field-emission scanning electron microscope and spectroscopic ellipsometer. Experimental results with the corresponding measured values are in good agreement with commercial measurements. The system can be reliably utilized for non-destructive thickness measurements of transparent thin-films.

Enhancement of Optical Transmission Through Planar Nano-Apertures in a Metal Film

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric X. Jin ◽  
Xianfan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Film ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Wavelength Resolution ◽  
Signal Contrast ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Sub Wavelength

In this work, we investigate transmission enhancement through ridged-apertures of nanometer size in a metal film in the optical frequency range. It is demonstrated that the fundamental propagation TE10 mode concentrated in the gap between the two ridges of the aperture provides transmission efficiency higher than unity, and the size of the gap between the two ridges determines the sub-wavelength resolution. Fabry-Perot-like resonance with respect to the thickness of the aperture and the red-shift phenomena with respect to the wavelength of the incident light are observed. As a comparison, transmission through regular apertures is also computed, and is found much lower. Localized surface plasmon (LSP) is excited on the edges of the aperture in a silver film but plays a negative role with respect to the field concentration and signal contrast. With optimized geometries, the ridged apertures are capable of achieving sub-wavelength resolution in the near field with transmission efficiency above unity and high contrast.

scholarly journals 3-Dimensional Microorifice Fabricated Utilizing Single Undercut Etching Process for Producing Ultrasmall Water and Chitosan Droplets

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che-Hsin Lin ◽  
Chun-Hung Lan ◽  
Chih-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Etching Process ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Hydrophobic Coating ◽  
Amorphous Glass ◽  
Junction Structure

This research reports a microfluidic device for producing small droplets via a microorifice and a T-junction structure. The orifice is fabricated using an isotropic undercut etching process of amorphous glass materials. Since the equivalent hydraulic diameter of the produced microorifice can be as small as 1.1 μm, the microdevice can easily produce droplets of the size smaller than 10 μm in diameter. In addition, a permanent hydrophobic coating technique is also applied to modify the main channel to be hydrophobic to enhance the formation of water-based droplets. Experimental results show that the developed microfluidic chip with the ultrasmall orifice can steadily produce water-in-oil droplets with different sizes. Uniform water-in-oil droplets with the size from 60 μm to 6.5 μm in diameter can be formed by adjusting the flow rate ratio of the continuous phase and the disperse phases from 1 to 7. Moreover, curable linear polymer of chitosan droplets with the size smaller than 100 μm can also be successfully produced using the developed microchip device. The microfluidic T-junction with a micro-orifice developed in the present study provides a simple yet efficient way to produce various droplets of different sizes.

scholarly journals Photothermal Optical Beam Steering Using Large Deformation Multi-Layer Thin Film Structures

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Harris J. Hall ◽  
Sean McDaniel ◽  
Piyush Shah ◽  
David Torres ◽  
Jose Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Deformation ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Optical Beam ◽  
Directional Control ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Layer Thin Film ◽  
Tilt Response

Photothermal actuation of microstructures remains an active area of research for microsystems that demand electrically isolated, remote, on-chip manipulation. In this study, large-deformation structures constructed from thin films traditional to microsystems were explored through both simulation and experiment as a rudimentary means to both steer and shape an incident light beam through photothermal actuation. A series of unit step infrared laser exposures were applied at increasing power levels to both uniformly symmetric and deliberately asymmetric absorptive structures with the intent of characterizing the photothermal tilt response. The results indicate that a small angle (<4° at ~74 W/cm2) mechanical tilt can be instantiated through central placement of an infrared beam, although directional control appears highly sensitive to initial beam placement. Greater responsivity (up to ~9° mechanical tilt at ~54 W/cm2) and gross directional control was demonstrated with an asymmetrical absorptive design, although this response was accompanied by a large amount (~5–10°) of mechanical tilt burn-in and drift. Rigorous device cycling remains to be explored, but the results suggest that these structures, and those similar in construction, can be further matured to achieve controllable photoactuation suitable for optical beam control or other applications.

Optimization of Plasmonic Nano-Antennas

2008 ◽  
Vol 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Kursat Sendur ◽  
Orkun Karabasoglu ◽  
Eray Abdurrahman Baran ◽  
Gullu Kiziltas
Keyword(s):  
Incident Light ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Electromagnetic Model ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Geometrical Effects ◽  
Optimization Solvers ◽  
Bow Tie ◽  
Nano Antennas

ABSTRACTInteraction of light with plasmonic nano-antennas is investigated. First, an extensive parametric study is performed on the material and geometrical effects on dipole and bow-tie nano-antennas. The transmission efficiency is studied for various parameters including length, thickness, width, and composition of the antenna as well as the wavelength of incident light. The modeling and simulation of these structures is done using 3-D finite element method based full-wave solutions of Maxwell's equations. Next, a modeling-based automated design optimization framework is developed to optimize nano-antennas. The electromagnetic model is integrated with optimization solvers such as gradient-based optimization tools and genetic algorithms.

scholarly journals A Coupled-Inductor Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter for Wide Operation Range

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Qianfan Zhou ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Zongjian Li ◽  
Zhixing He
Keyword(s):  
High Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Resonant Converter ◽  
Zero Voltage Switching ◽  
Interleaved Structure ◽  
Llc Resonant Converter ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Modulation Methods

In this paper, a coupled-inductor interleaved LLC resonant converter (CI-ILLC) was proposed, which can achieve extensive operation range applications by multiplexing inductors and switches. In this proposed CI-ILLC, the coupled-inductor not only serves as a filter inductor but also plays the role of transformer to improve the power density. By changing the modulation methods, the proposed converter can work at three modes for a wide operation range, namely high gain (HG) mode, medium gain (MG) mode, and low gain (LG) mode. Moreover, the interleaved structure greatly reduces the current ripple and current stress of switches. Besides, in HG and MG modes, all switches can realize zero-voltage switching, with high energy transmission efficiency. Finally, the simulation and experiment results of the prototype with 120–200 V input and 50–200 V output are presented to verify the viability of the proposed converter.

Solar splitting day-lighting system “SolsDays”: the first beam splitting day-lighting system

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-143
Author(s):  
Jehangir Dar
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Beam Splitting ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Lighting Systems

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the first and novel beam splitting day-lighting system possessing highest possible solar transmission efficiency to provide illumination to the core and underground areas of any structure/building. Design/methodology/approach In this system, by using a number of individually pointable thin and light optical elements mounted on a top of structure/building, the solar light is concentrated. The concentrated beam is focussed to a secondary reflecting element which directs it to a beam splitter while passing through a Fresnel lens and a horizontal solar pipe. The beam splitter located inside the structure/building splits the solar beam into a number of secondary beams using a special arrangement of a number of inbuilt light guiding optical elements inside the beam splitter. The beam splitter produces a desired number of beams which are then redirected to the beam diffusers with the help of the solar pipe and the solar pipe joint which deflects the light at the angle of 90°. Findings The system considers the use of highly sophisticated and the highly efficient optical elements so that to attain the highest possible end-to-end efficiency of the system. The system has the highest potential to transport the solar energy to larger distances than all the available day-lighting systems and possesses the potential to be used for underground human colonisation. Research limitations/implications The widespread adoption of such a system could substantially reduce energy consumption worldwide, which would contribute to bring down the increasing slope in the graph of greenhouse gases. Originality/value The paper presents the novel beam splitting day-lighting system.

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