scholarly journals High-Efficiency Plasma Separator Based on Immunocapture and Filtration

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Su ◽  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Dongxu Zhang ◽  
Yingbin Wang ◽  
Mengyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plasma Separation ◽  
Centrifuge Method ◽  
Purification Membranes ◽  
Whole Blood Sample

The shortcomings of standard plasma-separation methods limit the point-of-care application of microfluidics in clinical facilities and at the patient’s bedside. To overcome the limitations of this inconvenient, laborious, and costly technique, a new plasma-separation technique and device were developed. This new separation method relies on immunological capture and filtration to exclude cells from plasma, and is convenient, easy to use, and cost-effective. Most of the RBCs can be captured and immobilized by antibody which coated in separation matrix, and residue cells can be totally removed from the sample by a commercially plasma purification membranes. A 400 µL anti-coagulated whole blood sample with 65% hematocrit (Hct) can be separated by the device in 5 min with only one pipette. Up to 97% of the plasma can be recovered from the raw blood sample with a separation efficiency at 100%. The recovery rate of small molecule compounds, proteins, and nucleic acid biomarkers is evaluated; there are no obvious differences from the centrifuge method. The results demonstrate that this method is an excellent replacement for traditional plasma preparation protocols.

scholarly journals Microsphere-Based Microfluidic Device for Plasma Separation and Potential Biochemistry Analysis Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Hongyan Xu ◽  
Zhangying Wu ◽  
Jinan Deng ◽  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Separation Device ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Plasma Separation ◽  
Blood Biochemical

The development of a simple, portable, and cost-effective plasma separation platform for blood biochemical analysis is of great interest in clinical diagnostics. We represent a plasma separation microfluidic device using microspheres with different sizes as the separation barrier. This plasma separation device, with 18 capillary microchannels, can extract about 3 μL of plasma from a 50 μL blood sample in about 55 min. The effects of evaporation and the microsphere barrier on the plasma biochemical analysis results were studied. Correction factors were applied to compensate for these two effects. The feasibility of the device in plasma biochemical analysis was validated with clinical blood samples.

Digital Camera-Based Spectrometry for the Development of Point-of-Care Anemia Detection on Ultra-Low Volume Whole Blood Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7149-7156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Animesh Halder ◽  
Probir Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Poulomi Pal ◽  
Subhananda Chakrabarti ◽  
Prantar Chakrabarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Whole Blood Sample

scholarly journals A Sensitive, Rapid, and Portable CasRx-based Diagnostic Assay for SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Brogan ◽  
Duverney Chaverra-Rodriguez ◽  
Calvin P Lin ◽  
Andrea L Smidler ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Effective Diagnosis ◽  
Critical Public Health

AbstractSince its first emergence from China in late 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread globally despite unprecedented containment efforts, resulting in a catastrophic worldwide pandemic. Successful identification and isolation of infected individuals can drastically curtail virus spread and limit outbreaks. However, during the early stages of global transmission, point-of-care diagnostics were largely unavailable and continue to remain difficult to procure, greatly inhibiting public health efforts to mitigate spread. Furthermore, the most prevalent testing kits rely on reagent- and time-intensive protocols to detect viral RNA, preventing rapid and cost-effective diagnosis. Therefore the development of an extensive toolkit for point-of-care diagnostics that is expeditiously adaptable to new emerging pathogens is of critical public health importance. Recently, a number of novel CRISPR-based diagnostics have been developed to detect COVID-19. Herein, we outline the development of a CRISPR-based nucleic acid molecular diagnostic utilizing a Cas13d ribonuclease derived from Ruminococcus flavefaciens (CasRx) to detect SARS-CoV-2, an approach we term SENSR (Sensitive Enzymatic Nucleic-acid Sequence Reporter). We demonstrate SENSR robustly detects SARS-CoV-2 sequences in both synthetic and patient-derived samples by lateral flow and fluorescence, thus expanding the available point-of-care diagnostics to combat current and future pandemics.

scholarly journals Thermopneumatic suction integrated microfluidic blood analysis system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao-Hsun Yang ◽  
Yu-Ling Hsieh ◽  
Ping-Hsien Tsou ◽  
Bor-Ran Li
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Separation Device ◽  
Blood Separation ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Rate Design ◽  
Analysis System

AbstractBlood tests provide crucial diagnostic information regarding several diseases. A key factor that affects the precision and accuracy of blood tests is the interference of red blood cells; however, the conventional methods of blood separation are often complicated and time consuming. In this study, we devised a simple but high-efficiency blood separation system on a self-strained microfluidic device that separates 99.7% of the plasma in only 6 min. Parameters, such as flow rate, design of the filter trench, and the relative positions of the filter trench and channel, were optimized through microscopic monitoring. Moreover, this air-difference-driven device uses a cost-effective and easy-to-use heater strip that creates a low-pressure environment in the microchannel within minutes. With the aforementioned advantages, this blood separation device could be another platform choice for point-of-care testing.

scholarly journals Harnessing CRISPR-Cas to Combat COVID-19: From Diagnostics to Therapeutics

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Kok Gan Chan ◽  
Geik Yong Ang ◽  
Choo Yee Yu ◽  
Chan Yean Yean
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Global Threat

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global threat with an ever-increasing death toll even after a year on. Hence, the rapid identification of infected individuals with diagnostic tests continues to be crucial in the on-going effort to combat the spread of COVID-19. Viral nucleic acid detection via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or sequencing is regarded as the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, but these technically intricate molecular tests are limited to centralized laboratories due to the highly specialized instrument and skilled personnel requirements. Based on the current development in the field of diagnostics, the programmable clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system appears to be a promising technology that can be further explored to create rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools for both laboratory and point-of-care (POC) testing. Other than diagnostics, the potential application of the CRISPR–Cas system as an antiviral agent has also been gaining attention. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in CRISPR–Cas-based nucleic acid detection strategies and the application of CRISPR–Cas as a potential antiviral agent in the context of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Development of nucleic acid aptamer-based lateral flow assays: A robust platform for cost-effective point-of-care diagnosis

Theranostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5174-5196
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Lanmei Chen ◽  
Arpitha Chikkanna ◽  
Suxiang Chen ◽  
Isabell Brusius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays

scholarly journals High resolution bacterial separation from blood using elasto-inertial microfluidics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharath Narayana Iyengar ◽  
Tharagan Kumar ◽  
Gustaf Måertensson ◽  
Aman Russom
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Inertial Microfluidics

Improved sample preparation has the potential to address a huge unmet need for fast turnaround sepsis tests that enable early administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In recent years, inertial and elasto-inertial microfluidics-based sample preparation has gained substantial interest for bioparticle separation applications. However, for applications in blood stream infections the throughput and bacteria separation efficiency has thus far been limited. In this work, for the first time we report elasto-inertial microfluidics-based bacteria isolation from blood at throughputs and efficiencies unparalleled with current microfluidics-based state of the art. In the method, bacteria-spiked blood sample is prepositioned close to the outer wall of a spiral microchannel using a viscoelastic sheath buffer. The blood cells will remain fully focused throughout the length of the spiral channel while bacteria migrate to the inner wall for effective separation. Initially, microparticles were used to investigate particle focusing and the separation performance of the spiral device. A separation efficiency of 96% for the 1 µm particles was achieved, while 100% of 3 µm particles were recovered at the desired outlet at a throughput (sample + sheath) of 1 mL/min. Following, processing blood samples revealed a minimum of 1:2 dilution was necessary to keep the blood cells fully focus at the outer wall. In experiments involving bacteria spiked in diluted blood, viable E.coli were continuously separated at a total flow rate of 1 mL/min, with a separation efficiency between 82 to 90% depending on the blood dilution. Using a single spiral, it takes 40 minutes to process 1 mL of whole blood at a separation efficiency of 82% and 3 hr at 90% efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest bacteria separation efficiency from blood sample reported using inertial and elasto-inertial methods. As such, the label-free, passive high efficiency and high throughput of bacteria isolation method has a great potential for speeding up downstream phenotypic and molecular analysis of bacteria.

Gold-Aptamer-Nanoconstructs Engineered to Detect Conserved Enteroviral Nucleic Acid Sequences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeren Chauhan ◽  
Mohamed M Elsutohy ◽  
C Patrick McClure ◽  
Will Irving ◽  
Neil Roddis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Nucleic Acid Sequence ◽  
In Silico Screening ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Nucleic Acid Sequences

<p>Enteroviruses are a ubiquitous mammalian pathogen that can produce mild to life-threatening disease. Bearing this in mind, we have developed a rapid, accurate and economical point-of-care biosensor that can detect a nucleic acid sequences conserved amongst 96% of all known enteroviruses. The biosensor harnesses the physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles and aptamers to provide colourimetric, spectroscopic and lateral flow-based identification of an exclusive enteroviral RNA sequence (23 bases), which was identified through in silico screening. Aptamers were designed to demonstrate specific complementarity towards the target enteroviral RNA to produce aggregated gold-aptamer nanoconstructs. Conserved target enteroviral nucleic acid sequence (≥ 1x10<sup>-7</sup> M, ≥1.4×10<sup>-14</sup> g/mL), initiates gold-aptamer-nanoconstructs disaggregation and a signal transduction mechanism, producing a colourimetric and spectroscopic blueshift (544 nm (purple) > 524 nm (red)). Furthermore, lateral-flow-assays that utilise gold-aptamer-nanoconstructs were unaffected by contaminating human genomic DNA, demonstrated rapid detection of conserved target enteroviral nucleic acid sequence (< 60 s) and could be interpreted with a bespoke software and hardware electronic interface. We anticipate our methodology will translate in-silico screening of nucleic acid databases to a tangible enteroviral desktop detector, which could be readily translated to related organisms. This will pave-the-way forward in the clinical evaluation of disease and complement existing strategies at overcoming antimicrobial resistance.</p>

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