scholarly journals A Polymer Asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Sensor Model Based on Electrode Thermal Writing Waveguide Technology

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Yi ◽  
Cao ◽  
Lv ◽  
Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Slab Thickness ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
Sensor Model ◽  
Temperature Detection ◽  
Tunable Refractive Index ◽  
Waveguide Core ◽  
Waveguide Sensor

This paper presents a novel electrode thermal writing waveguide based on a heating-induced refractive index change mechanism. The mode condition and the electrode thermal writing parameters were optimized, and the output patterns of the optical field were obtained in a series of simulations. Moreover, the effect of various adjustments on the sensing range of the nanoimprint M-Z temperature sensor was analyzed theoretically. A refractive index asymmetry Mach–Zehnder (M-Z) waveguide sensor with a tunable refractive index for a waveguide core layer was simulated with a length difference of 946.1 µm. The optimal width and height of the invert ridge waveguide were 2 μm and 2.8 μm, respectively, while the slab thickness was 1.2 μm. The sensing accuracy was calculated to range from 2.0896 × 104 to 5.1252 × 104 in the 1.51–1.54 region. The sensing fade issue can be resolved by changing the waveguide core refractive index to 0.001 via an electrode thermal writing method. Thermal writing a single M-Z waveguide arm changes its refractive index by 0.03. The sensor’s accuracy can be improved 1.5 times by the proposed method. The sensor described in this paper shows great prospects in organism temperature detection, molecular analysis, and biotechnology applications.

scholarly journals Thermo-Optical Tuning Cascaded Double Ring Sensor with Large Measurement Range

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5149
Author(s):  
Zhiping Yang ◽  
Yanlu Wang ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Liyang Shao ◽  
Jian-Jun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Power Change ◽  
Large Measurement ◽  
Cladding Layers ◽  
Waveguide Sensor

In this paper, a thermo-optic tuning optical waveguide sensor system based on a cascaded double micro-ring resonator is investigated. The system consists of a micro-ring resonator with the microheater as a reference ring and a micro-ring resonator with removing the upper cladding layers as a sensing ring, combined with a microfluidic control. The refractive index change of the sample is measured by the electric power change of the microheater. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the thermo-optic tuning is 34.231 W/RIU (refractive index units), and the measurement range is 4.325 × 10−3 RIU, almost eight times larger than that of the cascaded double micro-ring resonator without thermo-optic tuning for the intensity interrogation.

scholarly journals Refractive Index Change of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Electroactive Polyurethane by an Electric Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Kim ◽  
Hyun-U Ko ◽  
Hyun Chan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Change Mechanism ◽  
Fixed Distance ◽  
Lens Material

A tunable optical lens can tune or reconfigure the lens material itself such that it can eliminate the moving part of the lens, which brings broad technological impacts. Many tunable optical lenses have been implemented using electroactive polymers that can change the shape of the lens. However, the refractive index (RI) change of electroactive polymers has not been well investigated. This paper investigated the RI change of CNC-based transparent and electroactive polyurethane (CPPU) in the presence of an actuating electric field. The prepared CPPU was electrically poled to enhance its electro-optical performance, and the poling conditions in terms of frequency and electric field were optimized. The poled CPPU was characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a refractometer. To investigate the RI change in the presence of an actuating electric field, the poled CPPU was constrained between two electrodes with a fixed distance. The RI linearly increased as the actuating electric field increased. The RI change mechanism and the optimized poling conditions are illustrated. The tunable RI is a promising property for implementing a tunable optical lens.

Nanocomposite with Very Large Electro-optic Effect and Widely Tunable Refractive Index

2006 ◽  
Vol 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Chen ◽  
Minren Lin ◽  
Jonathan E Lee ◽  
Qiming Zhang ◽  
Shizhuo Yin
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Fiber Gratings ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Long Period Fiber Gratings ◽  
Tunable Refractive Index ◽  
Resonant Wavelength Shift

ABSTRACTVery large electro-optic effect has been observed in relaxor ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) ( P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) ) terpolymer. By adding small amount of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles, the refractive index of the nanocomposites can be tuned between about 1.4 and 1.5 while retaining large electro-optic effect and high transparency. Tunable long-period fiber gratings have been fabricated with the nanocomposite as the second cladding, and over 50nm of resonant wavelength shift has been achieved under a change of electric field of 30V/μm, which is much larger than other reported E-O tuning ranges. This corresponds to a pure refractive index change of the nanocomposite of Δn/n ∼ 0.4%.

scholarly journals Critical angle reflection imaging for quantification of molecular interactions on glass surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhong Ma ◽  
Runli Liang ◽  
Zijian Wan ◽  
Shaopeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Critical Angle ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Sensing Range

AbstractQuantification of molecular interactions on a surface is typically achieved via label-free techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The sensitivity of SPR originates from the characteristic that the SPR angle is sensitive to the surface refractive index change. Analogously, in another interfacial optical phenomenon, total internal reflection, the critical angle is also refractive index dependent. Therefore, surface refractive index change can also be quantified by measuring the reflectivity near the critical angle. Based on this concept, we develop a method called critical angle reflection (CAR) imaging to quantify molecular interactions on glass surface. CAR imaging can be performed on SPR imaging setups. Through a side-by-side comparison, we show that CAR is capable of most molecular interaction measurements that SPR performs, including proteins, nucleic acids and cell-based detections. In addition, we show that CAR can detect small molecule bindings and intracellular signals beyond SPR sensing range. CAR exhibits several distinct characteristics, including tunable sensitivity and dynamic range, deeper vertical sensing range, fluorescence compatibility, broader wavelength and polarization of light selection, and glass surface chemistry. We anticipate CAR can expand SPR′s capability in small molecule detection, whole cell-based detection, simultaneous fluorescence imaging, and broader conjugation chemistry.

InP-based optical switch module operating through carrier-induced refractive index change

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kato ◽  
Hiroaki Inoue ◽  
Yasushi Takahashi ◽  
Koji K. Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Index Change ◽  
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