scholarly journals Abscisic Acid Receptors Modulate Metabolite Levels and Phenotype in Arabidopsis Under Normal Growing Conditions

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Li ◽  
Lintao Wu ◽  
Yao Qiu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Phenotype Analysis ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Aba Receptor ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Aba Receptors

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a vital phytohormone that accumulates in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as plant growth. In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are 14 members of the ABA receptor family, which are key positive regulators involved in ABA signaling. Besides reduced drought stress tolerance, the quadruple and sextuple mutants (pyr1pyl1pyl2pyl4 (1124) and pyr1pyl1pyl2pyl4pyl5pyl8 (112458) show abnormal growth phenotypes, such as decreases in yield and height, under non-stress conditions. However, it remains unknown whether ABA receptors mediate ABA signaling to regulate plant growth and development. Here, we showed the primary metabolite profiles of 1124, 112458 and wild-type (WT) plants grown under normal conditions. The metabolic changes were significantly different between ABA receptor mutants and WT. Guanosine, for the biosynthesis of cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP), is an important second messenger that acts to regulate the level of ABA. In addition, other amino acids were increased in the 112458 mutant, including proline. These results, together with phenotype analysis, indicated that ABA receptors are involved in ABA signaling to modulate metabolism and plant growth under normal conditions.

scholarly journals AtMybL-O modulates abscisic acid biosynthesis to optimize plant growth and ABA signaling in response to drought stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Young Jeong ◽  
Won Je Lee ◽  
Hai An Truong ◽  
Cao Sơn Trịnh ◽  
Suk-Whan Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Abscisic acid-independent stomatal CO2 signal transduction pathway and convergence of CO2 and ABA signaling downstream of OST1 kinase

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (42) ◽  
pp. E9971-E9980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Kai Hsu ◽  
Yohei Takahashi ◽  
Shintaro Munemasa ◽  
Ebe Merilo ◽  
Kristiina Laanemets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Aba Receptor ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Stomatal pore apertures are narrowing globally due to the continuing rise in atmospheric [CO2]. CO2 elevation and the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) both induce rapid stomatal closure. However, the underlying signal transduction mechanisms for CO2/ABA interaction remain unclear. Two models have been considered: (i) CO2 elevation enhances ABA concentrations and/or early ABA signaling in guard cells to induce stomatal closure and (ii) CO2 signaling merges with ABA at OST1/SnRK2.6 protein kinase activation. Here we use genetics, ABA-reporter imaging, stomatal conductance, patch clamp, and biochemical analyses to investigate these models. The strong ABA biosynthesis mutants nced3/nced5 and aba2-1 remain responsive to CO2 elevation. Rapid CO2-triggered stomatal closure in PYR/RCAR ABA receptor quadruple and hextuple mutants is not disrupted but delayed. Time-resolved ABA concentration monitoring in guard cells using a FRET-based ABA-reporter, ABAleon2.15, and ABA reporter gene assays suggest that CO2 elevation does not trigger [ABA] increases in guard cells, in contrast to control ABA exposures. Moreover, CO2 activates guard cell S-type anion channels in nced3/nced5 and ABA receptor hextuple mutants. Unexpectedly, in-gel protein kinase assays show that unlike ABA, elevated CO2 does not activate OST1/SnRK2 kinases in guard cells. The present study points to a model in which rapid CO2 signal transduction leading to stomatal closure occurs via an ABA-independent pathway downstream of OST1/SnRK2.6. Basal ABA signaling and OST1/SnRK2 activity are required to facilitate the stomatal response to elevated CO2. These findings provide insights into the interaction between CO2/ABA signal transduction in light of the continuing rise in atmospheric [CO2].

scholarly journals Initiation and amplification of SnRK2 activation in abscisic acid signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Lin ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Yubei Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Activation Loop ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Kinase Activation ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Receptor ◽  
Amplification Mechanism

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial for plant responses to environmental challenges. The SNF1-regulated protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) are key components in ABA-receptor coupled core signaling, and are rapidly phosphorylated and activated by ABA. Recent studies have suggested that Raf-like protein kinases (RAFs) participate in ABA-triggered SnRK2 activation. In vitro kinase assays also suggest the existence of autophosphorylation of SnRK2s. Thus, how SnRK2 kinases are quickly activated during ABA signaling still needs to be clarified. Here, we show that both B2 and B3 RAFs directly phosphorylate SnRK2.6 in the kinase activation loop. This transphosphorylation by RAFs is essential for SnRK2 activation. The activated SnRK2s then intermolecularly trans-phosphorylate other SnRK2s that are not yet activated to amplify the response. High-order Arabidopsis mutants lacking multiple B2 and B3 RAFs show ABA hyposensitivity. Our findings reveal a unique initiation and amplification mechanism of SnRK2 activation in ABA signaling in higher plants.

scholarly journals Hormonal balance of plants and its relationship with changes in plant growth and productivity under the influence of rhizospheric bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Kudoyarova ◽  
T. N. Arkhipova ◽  
D. S. Veselov ◽  
L. B. Vysotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Rhizospheric Bacteria ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Growing Conditions

Here we analyze the dependence of the growth and water relations on the ability of bacteria to influence the content and distribution of abscisic acid (ABA) in plants under different growing conditions.

scholarly journals Members of the abscisic acid co-receptor PP2C protein family mediate salicylic acid-abscisic acid crosstalk

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murli Manohar ◽  
Dekai Wang ◽  
Patricia M. Manosalva ◽  
Hyong Woo Choi ◽  
Erich Kombrink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
The Face ◽  
Aba Receptors

AbstractThe interplay between abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) influences plant responses to various (a)biotic stresses; however, the underlying mechanism(s) for this crosstalk is largely unknown. Here we report that type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), some of which are negative regulators of ABA signaling, bind SA. SA binding suppressed the ABA-enhanced interaction between these PP2Cs and various ABA receptors belonging to the PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family. Additionally, SA suppressed ABA-enhanced degradation of PP2Cs and ABA-induced stabilization of SnRK2s. Supporting SA’s role as a negative regulator of ABA signaling, exogenous SA suppressed ABA-induced gene expression, whereas SA-deficient sid2-1 mutants displayed heightened PP2C degradation and hypersensitivity to ABA-induced suppression of seed germination. Together, these results suggest a new molecular mechanism through which SA antagonizes ABA signaling. A better understanding of the crosstalk between these hormones is important for improving the sustainability of agriculture in the face of climate change.

scholarly journals Leveraging abscisic acid receptors for efficient water use in Arabidopsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (24) ◽  
pp. 6791-6796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Jinghui Liu ◽  
Stefanie V. Tischer ◽  
Alexander Christmann ◽  
Wilhelm Windisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Aba Receptors

Plant growth requires the influx of atmospheric CO2 through stomatal pores, and this carbon uptake for photosynthesis is inherently associated with a large efflux of water vapor. Under water deficit, plants reduce transpiration and are able to improve carbon for water exchange leading to higher water use efficiency (WUE). Whether increased WUE can be achieved without trade-offs in plant growth is debated. The signals mediating the WUE response under water deficit are not fully elucidated but involve the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ABA is perceived by a family of related receptors known to mediate acclimation responses and to reduce transpiration. We now show that enhanced stimulation of ABA signaling via distinct ABA receptors can result in plants constitutively growing at high WUE in the model species Arabidopsis. WUE was assessed by three independent approaches involving gravimetric analyses, 13C discrimination studies of shoots and derived cellulose fractions, and by gas exchange measurements of whole plants and individual leaves. Plants expressing the ABA receptors RCAR6/PYL12 combined up to 40% increased WUE with high growth rates, i.e., are water productive. Water productivity was associated with maintenance of net carbon assimilation by compensatory increases of leaf CO2 gradients, thereby sustaining biomass acquisition. Leaf surface temperatures and growth potentials of plants growing under well-watered conditions were found to be reliable indicators for water productivity. The study shows that ABA receptors can be explored to generate more plant biomass per water transpired, which is a prime goal for a more sustainable water use in agriculture.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of OsPYL/RCAR7, an ABA Receptor Having Low Signaling Activity, Improves Drought Tolerance without Growth Defects in Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4163
Author(s):  
Nikita Bhatnagar ◽  
Rigyeong Kim ◽  
Seungsu Han ◽  
Jaeeun Song ◽  
Gang Seob Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Aba Receptor ◽  
Signaling Activity ◽  
Aba Receptors

Overexpression of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors has been reported to enhance drought tolerance, but also to cause stunted growth and decreased crop yield. Here, we constructed transgenic rice for all monomeric ABA receptors and observed that only transgenic rice over-expressing OsPYL/RCAR7 showed similar phenotype with wild type, without total yield loss when grown under normal growth condition in a paddy field. Even though transgenic rice over-expressing OsPYL/RCAR7 showed neither an ABA-sensitivity nor an osmotic stress tolerance in plate assay, it showed drought tolerance. We investigated the ABA-dependent interaction with OsPP2CAs and ABA signaling induction by OsPYL/RCAR7. In yeast two hybrid assay, OsPYL/RCAR7 required critically higher ABA concentrations to interact with OsPP2CAs than other ABA receptors, and co-immunoprecipitation assay showed strong interaction under ABA treatment. When ABA-responsive signaling activity was monitored using a transient expression system in rice protoplasts, OsPYL/RCAR7 had the lowest ABA-responsive signaling activity as compared with other ABA receptors. OsPYL/RCAR7 also showed weak suppression of phosphatase activity as compared with other ABA receptors in vitro. Transcriptome analysis of transgenic rice over-expressing OsPYL/RCAR7 suggested that only a few genes were induced similar to control under without exogenous ABA, but a large number of genes was induced under ABA treatment compared with control. We conclude that OsPYL/RCAR7 is a novel functional ABA receptor that has low ABA signaling activity and exhibits high ABA dependence. These results lay the foundation for a new strategy to improve drought stress tolerance without compromising crop growth.

scholarly journals Low ABA concentration promotes root growth and hydrotropism through relief of ABA INSENSITIVE 1-mediated inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. eabd4113
Author(s):  
Rui Miao ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Irene Garcia-Maquilon ◽  
Xiaolin Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Quadruple Mutant ◽  
Aba Insensitive ◽  
Aba Receptors

The hab1-1abi1-2abi2-2pp2ca-1 quadruple mutant (Qabi2-2) seedlings lacking key negative regulators of ABA signaling, namely, clade A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs), show more apoplastic H+ efflux in roots and display an enhanced root growth under normal medium or water stress medium compared to the wild type. The presence of low ABA concentration (0.1 micromolar), inhibiting PP2C activity via monomeric ABA receptors, enhances root apoplastic H+ efflux and growth of the wild type, resembling the Qabi2-2 phenotype in normal medium. Qabi2-2 seedlings also demonstrate increased hydrotropism compared to the wild type in obliquely-oriented hydrotropic experimental system, and asymmetric H+ efflux in root elongation zone is crucial for root hydrotropism. Moreover, we reveal that Arabidopsis ABA-insensitive 1, a key PP2C in ABA signaling, interacts directly with the C terminus of Arabidopsis plasma membrane H+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase 2 (AHA2) and dephosphorylates its penultimate threonine residue (Thr947), whose dephosphorylation negatively regulates AHA2.

scholarly journals Under salt stress guard cells rewire ion transport and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail M. Karimi ◽  
Matthias Freund ◽  
Brittney M. Wager ◽  
Michael Knoblauch ◽  
Jörg Fromm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Aba Signaling

scholarly journals A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masaharu Suzuki ◽  
Suzanne Abrams ◽  
Donald R McCarty ◽  
Yuji Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

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